140 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 02, Issue 01, 2024 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 Translation Issues and the Use of Socio-Political Terms in Journalistic Materials Adiba Kasimova Senior teacher at Samarkand state institute of foreign language Muhammatova Gulhayo Abduhakim qizi Student of Master Degree of Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Language Abstract: The aim of article to demonstrate the attributes of translation of journalistic materials in socio-political settings provided via examples in English and Uzbek languages. The study employed techniques such as descriptive method with its constituents - observation, interpretation, generalization; contextual analysis method; solid sampling strategy using actual material extracted from original texts. The analysis of translation of socio-political terms showed that the translator should pay attention to the translation of abbreviations, attributive expressions, stylistic expressive means and devices, socio-political terminology, phraseology, informal vocabulary. Keywords: socio-political terms, mass media, journalism, public, borrowings, calque, cultural differences, translation, original context, politics. 1. INTRODUCTION Journalism is the act of gathering, assessing, creating, and presenting news and information. It is also the product of these activities. Journalism is the product of every newspaper you read, every news station you watch, and every news article you read online. Journalism is meant to place the public good above all else and uses specific methods to gather and assess information[1]. In other words, journalism is meant to benefit the people, and journalists should routinely check what they're reporting on to be sure the information is verified and accurate. It is most unique because the message is not about the journalist's personal story or subjective way of perceiving the situations. Instead, the journalist acts a conduit, narrating an objective story about something that happened or is happening based on his or her observations. This type of storytelling comes in different forms: including breaking news, feature stories, investigating reports, editorials, reviews, blogs. Journalism's unique storytelling comes in the form of reporting. To report simply means to convert the facts of the story. Even in editorials and reviews, the journalist is conveying facts about the experience. The story could be analytical or interpretive and still be journalism. In general, reporting comes from interviewing, studying, examining, documenting, assessing and researching. Journalism serves different types of roles. Foremost, it serves to inform the public. It is an open medium, meaning the intended audience includes the entire community or public. Once the journalist reports the information or - sends the communication -that information is available to anyone wishing to receive it. Diverse linguistic approaches are employed by journalists to convey news, which could range from sophisticated and eloquent language use to more straightforward and polite expressions. These varied forms of communication serve distinct purposes and accomplish divergent objectives. As a result, understanding the underlying intentions behind media coverage 141 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us necessitates examining their social ramifications closely in addition to having a grasp on terminologies commonly used within mass media discourse. 2. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In today's world, the development of society, advanced information technologies and international political, economic and cultural exchange interconnected results in the acceleration of the expansion in the communication, and transition of interlanguage words from one language to another. This process is directly effecting the Uzbek language. When considering the causes of lexical borrowings from one language to another, the sociolinguistic aspect of the language is taken into account. This is, first of all, the study of language development in the environment, in the interaction of internal (linguistic) and non-linguistic (social) causes. The process of lexical borrowing is caused by a whole complex of reasons, in which linguistic, psychological, social, logical, etc. reasons are intertwined[2]. The acquisition of lexical units from different languages serves to enrich the lexicology of the Uzbek language at the expense of terms, expressions, idioms and neologisms. New expressions and terms are updated in the wide diversity of fields and socio-political sphere is not exception in this sense. Lexical units are related to our social and political life and linguistic dictionary is getting rich and diverse. In this regard, politicians, journalists, diplomats, political scientists political or socio sphere students and non-professionals in general they use the language of politics by linguists classified as political language as a general term on political issues: all types of public and institutional politics all kinds of texts, as well as speeches about political contexts include the use of descriptive lexical and stylistic linguistic tools. This is the language of politics and political media, as well as the language of politics. In the following there are given borrowed terms related to the social and political life of the English language and have become normal words or expressions in the Uzbek language as well. The study of socio-political vocabulary is of great linguistic interest. In connection with the growing interest in the study of political communication, in the analysis of the patterns of communicative activity, attention to the study of political vocabulary is currently increasing[3]. In the socio-political vocabulary, specific forms, instruments, methods of party evaluation, attitudes towards various phenomena, objects, people and processes of socio-political life are developed. A characteristic of newspaper information style is the presence of political terms. It has the same main characteristics as those of scientific and technical terms. Furthermore, political terminology is characterized by low rigor and order in the system in the sociopolitical sphere, and by the dependence of the meaning of many terms on corresponding ideological principles. Ambiguous terms, synonyms, abbreviated terms and names are often found in newspapers and information materials. The main ways to translate terms are translation using full or partial equivalents, lexical transformation, descriptive syntax, etc. Particular attention should be paid to borrowings from Western European languages, especially those used in political and economic terms: exchange, intermediary, auditor, contract, management, letter of credit, rating, department, grant, etc. Fields like sports, telecommunications, finance, diplomacy, food also are getting enriched with borrowed words and here are some of them given as examples: Sports Sport football fudbol gymnastics gimnastika cricket auditor surfing barter fitness fitnes marathon marafon skateboard skeytboard boxing boks 142 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us athletics atletika golf golf camping kemping champion chempion Telecommunications Telekommunikatsiya Internet Internet smartphone smartfon WiFi vayfay Bluetooth bluuts interface interfeys program programma camera kamera mobile operator mobil operator modem modem sensor sensor radio radio Finance Moliya credit kredit investment investitsiya Bank bank Capital kapital business biznes fund fond mortgage ipoteka audit audit credit card kredit karta deficit defesit dollar dollar deposit depozit Diplomacy Diplomatiya strategy strategiya sanctions sanksiya coalition koalitsiya conference konferensiya protocol protokol resolution rezolyutsiya pact pakt plenipotentiary plenum alliance alyans mandate mandat expansion ekspansiya conflict konflikt consul konsul summit sammit Translation transformation is classified by Russian linguists Barkhudarov as according their numerous and varied interlingual changes in the following types: a) Restructuring or transposition; b) Substitution; 143 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us c) Addition; d) Omission or deletion. Transposition is a change in the order of linguistic elements, such as words, phrase, clauses and sentences. Transposition involves a shift from one grammatical category to another, while preserving the meaning. This translation technique is often necessary between languages with different grammatical structures. Substitution stands for using a word for another to give identical meaning as it has mentioned above. It could be shown in contexts with verbs in English. But it has expressed by tense forms of a verb in the Russian, Uzbek languages. Substitution means “’o’rniga qo’yish’” in Uzbek language. Addition involves adding words or phrases to the target text that were not present in the source text but are necessary for conveying the intended meaning in the target language. Omission is the process of removing words or phrases from the source text that are not necessary for conveying the intended meaning in the target language[4]. Translation transformation methods are required to ensure that the target text is understandable, natural, and culturally appropriate. A literal translation can often make the target text clunky, difficult to understand, and even offensive to the target audience. By using transformational techniques, a translator can further adapt the source text to the needs and preferences of the audience, while ensuring that the content is accurate and matching to its original version. TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES People need to be aware of the differences between translation methods and techniques. Translation methods apply to the entire text being translated, but translation methods can vary within the same text depending on the specific linguistic elements being translated. Simply put, a translator uses one method to translate the entire text, but uses multiple techniques to translate sentences within the same text. This allows us to see the connections between methods and techniques. Therefore, it is recommended to learn all techniques to achieve appropriate results. In order to transfer a form from one language to another with different alphabets remaining the basic context, a translator either copies the form by letters of the target language or making transformations[5]. There are two types of mechanical copying or transfer of words in a source language: Transliteration and Transcription Transliteration is a translation of English word into Uzbek or any language by copying the letters form of source language word with the letters of the target language. For example: Democracy - demokratiya, capitalism - kapitalizm, globalization - globalizatsiya, socialism - sotsializm, anarchy - anarxiya, autonomy - avtonomiya, terrorism - terrorizm, referendum - referendum, liberal- liberal, and etc. Transcription is the act of copying the sound form of the source language word by the letters of the target language. For instance: baseball - beyzbol, fascism- fashizim, cylinder - silindr, totalitarian- totalitar, beruaucracy-birokratiya, neutral-neytral, campaign - kempeyn, senate- senat, block - blok, secularism-sekulyarizm, communist-kommunist, censorship- senzura, regime- rejim and etc. According to V.N.Komissarov, calque translation also should be considered as a mechanical copying. Calque is translating words or phrases with parts. For example: sunglasses - quyoshdan saqlovchi ko'zoynaklar, honeymoon- asaloyi, kindergarten-bolalar bog'chasi, legislation - qonunchilik, movement -harakat, revolution -inqilob, national security-milliy xavfsizlik, civil 144 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us rights - fuqaro huquqlari, electoral system - saylov tizimi, multiculturalism - ko'p madaniyatlilik, freedom of speech - nutq erkinligi,public opinion - jamoatchilik fikri and etc. Borrowing - is the simplest and easiest translation technique. In this way, words are not translated at all, and the translator only has to convert the word or expression from the source language to the target language without changing it. This happens when there is no equal word with the same meaning in the target language. Computer-kompyuter, parlament -parlament, christmas - kristmas, counseling - kaunseling, president - prezident, constitution - konstitutsiya, party - partiya,congress- kongress,manti - manti and etc. All organizations, names of streets, and bigger geographical units must be kept in their original form, also globally well-known abbreviations should remain in their basic form even they are used in the different languages: UNESCO-UNESCO, NATO-NATO, FIFA-FIFA, UNICEF-UNICEF and etc. 3. RESULTS As E. I. Sheigal mentioned, the media is "an intermediary between politicians and the people"[6]. This means that how the public perceives these events is influenced by how political events are portrayed in the media, for example in news feeds, radio and television. That is how the same international conflict or incident may be reported differently in different countries. In this regard we can see : In the US, coverage of the Syrian conflict may focus on US military involvement and national security implications, while in Russia it focuses on support for the Syrian government and its allies. In China, a report on tensions between North and South Korea is likely to focus on diplomatic efforts and regional stability, while in South Korea it is likely to focus on the threat of invasion and its impact on daily life. In the UK, coverage of Brexit and its impact on trade and immigration may differ from coverage of the EU countries, which may focus on the economic and political impact on the EU. This type of problem arises when it comes to addressing the news even the certain language is used in the both sides equally. However, when the same news or socio-political case is translated into different language or different group of people that would make more obstacles to deliver the message keeping its core meaning without reducing or adding some meaning in it. As English and Uzbek languages are far away from each other as it comes to the language family they stem from it gets even more challenging. There are several reasons and factors play a role in that. When translating socio-political news from English to Uzbek, one encounters difficulties due to differences in political terminology and concepts between the two languages. Creative translation techniques are often necessary to find suitable equivalents for certain political concepts that may not have a direct translation in Uzbek. Another challenge lies in accurately translating cultural references and nuances specific to English-speaking societies into Uzbek. This requires a thorough understanding of both cultures and backgrounds in order to convey the intended meaning effectively. Expressing complex and abstract ideas found in socio-political news can be particularly challenging. Translators must carefully choose words and expressions in Uzbek that accurately convey the original meaning while maintaining clarity. English and Uzbek have distinct linguistic characteristics, including differences in grammar, syntax, and vocabulary. Translators must navigate these differences to ensure the translated text flows naturally and fluently in Uzbek. Maintaining neutrality and objectivity in political news translation can be difficult due to linguistic and cultural variations. Translators must be cautious to preserve an unbiased voice when conveying the original message in Uzbek. In conclusion, translating socio-political news from English to Uzbek requires a deep understanding of both languages and the socio-political context. It is essential to accurately convey the intended meaning to the Uzbek-speaking audience. 4. DISCUSSION At this stage of the development of the Uzbek language, there are active integration and the use of foreign words. This contributes to the development of synonyms for languages and socio- 145 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us political sphere is also included in these transformations. Translating socio-political foreign words or phrases from English to Uzbek can be difficult due to the different language structures and cultural backgrounds. In many ways, borrowing words from one language to the another can be seen as one of the serious consequences of globalization and cultural. 5. CONCLUSION This paper explores translation methods from English to Uzbek, highlighting the active integration of foreign words into Uzbek, leading to synonymy development. Translating foreign words into target language but in this paper into Uzbek transformation methods required to ensure that the target text is effective, natural, and culturally appropriate. By using translation techniques, translators can better adapt the source text to the needs and preferences of the audience, while ensuring that the content is accurate and faithful to the original. Additionally, transformation techniques are often required when dealing with idiomatic expressions, cultural references, or other elements that may not have a direct equivalent in the target language. Thus, the use of translation techniques is essential to creating high-quality translations that effectively convey the intended message to the target audience. Overcome linguistic and cultural barriers, make texts more accessible and understandable for your target audience, and improve the overall quality of your translations to ensure they are accurate, faithful, and culturally appropriate. Finally, translators can focus on making strategic changes to the source text instead of translating every word or sentence word-for-word, saving time and effort. REFERENCES 1. https://www.mastersincommunications.org/modern-journalism 2. Lola Turakulova.2022.Borrowed words in the Uzbek language. 532 p.- T, Uzbekistan: Scientific Progress. 3. Bantysheva L.L. Structural and systemic analysis of the socio-politic.s. / Bantysheva L.L. - Abstract. dis. cand. philol. Sciences. Simferopol, 2007. 4. Zoirova Maqsuda. The Transformation Methods Used In Translating Oral Speech From English Into Uzbek Language. 47p.-www.pedagoglar.uz :PEDAGOGS” international research journal 5. Abdukarimov Valixon. 2020. Techniques As An Essential Element Of Translation0. 324 p. JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal : Website: journalnx.com, July 11th and 6. Sheigal, E.I. Semiotics of political discourse dis...doc.philol.Sciences: 10.02.01, 10.02.19 / Elena Iosifovna Sheigal. - Volgograd, 2000– - 440 p.