297 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 02, Issue 01, 2024 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 Philosophical Views on the Development of Society Joldasbaev Oralbay Nukus State Pedagogical Institute Abstract: Philosophical analyzes of society and its development are presented in the article, in which deep scientific thoughts of philosophers are elaborated and analyzed. In particular, an attempt has been made to connect their ideas with the present-day trends, focusing on the details of modern-day traditions. Keywords: philosophy, society, development, state, regulations, forms of the state, politics, progress, timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, tyranny, ideal state. INTRODUCTION. A person's happy marriage, spiritual maturity, and his destiny are organically connected with society. For that reason, what is society itself? How does it appear? people have always been interested in such sardines. In the history of views on society, the theories explaining the process of social development have been changing and evolving with the development of philosophy. METHODS The systematic-structural approach based on objectivity, universality, concreteness, logical, and historical dialectical principles was used in the research. This makes it possible to see the concepts of manipulation and information as a whole system of human society. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the philosophy of the modern era, views on society are interpreted more divinely and figuratively. Philosophers of this era depicted the development of society in cyclical activity. The beginning of the idealistic understanding of society is attributed to the teachings of Thucydides and Herodotus. These modern Greek historians try to connect with the actions of historical people in the society that arose from the opportunities of the era they created. Therefore, he is considered to be Plato, who developed a complete and serious concept of society in his time. Plato's views on society and the state are based on his teachings. His views on society are described in the works "State", "Regulations", "Politics". Plato describes the development of society by explaining the forms of the state. Plato portrays the development of society not as progressive, but as regressive. According to him, the society is gradually acting in a bad way. In his teachings, Plato proposes an ideal society model and shows other forms of the state based on it. In Plato's ideal society, people are divided into three groups: the representatives of the first group are led by philosophers, the second group is protected by soldiers, and the third group is organized by free workers. Plato does not allocate a place for slaves in an ideal society, because he considers slaves as a group outside of society. Plato considers that the social structures of his era cannot be called a state [1]. No matter what the state, there are always two opposing classes. Some are poor, some are rich. With the passage 298 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us of time, the decrease of true philosophers in the society leads to the disintegration of the ideal society and causes it to give way to invalid forms of the state. According to Plato, there are four types of invalid state: 1. Timocracy. 2. Oligarchy. 3. Democracy. 4. Tyranny. Each of these forms of the state was realized due to the degradation or destruction of the ideal form of the state. Evil and violence reign in these forms of the state, and people fight for the throne on the way to achieve bad goals. The first of these invalid forms of government is Timocracy, that is, a society where military rule is established. In this society, the army relies not on reason but on force to rule the state. In fact, in timocracy, the characteristics of an ideal society have been preserved. The rulers will be respected, and the soldiers will be completely freed from farming and artistic activities, and lead a peaceful and smooth life. Later, the army's pursuit of precious metals and wealth caused them to become greedy. Thus, the era of timocracy to oligarchy, i.e. the rule of the minority over the majority, begins. In an oligarchy, the rich rule, and the poor are excluded from ruling the state. In this society, wealth rules, not power like timocracy. The pursuit of wealth leads to the collapse of the oligarchy. Because the laziness of the rich over time leads to their loss of wealth and they become thieves and criminals. In an oligarchic society, people do not fulfill their function, that is, every citizen is forced to engage in various professions, not his own. The system of oligarchy will later give way to a calculated democracy and an even worse form of government. This power is considered the people's power. In the eras of democracy, the contrast between the rich and the poor is stronger than in the oligarchy. In timocracy, the value of power, power, and wealth imposed by the army, in oligarchy, is wealth, and in democracy, the value of value is freedom. According to Plato, this price marks the end of democracy. According to him, everyone can do what they want in a democratic system, moral values lose their importance. In Plato's opinion, since the common people consisted of illiterate people, their government automatically led to the rise of a disgraced person to power. The reason is that the slanderer can convince himself by making people laugh and cry. As a result, free people become slaves and a new social system, tyranny, is realized. Tyranny grows out of democracy. The strongest and strongest slavery comes from the greatest freedom[2]. In the system of tyranny, the tyrannical king frequently unleashes wars in order to make the people feel the need for a leader. On the contrary, these wars worsen the condition of the people and lead to the lowering of the honor of the tyrant king. Thus, in Plato's teachings, the development of society is not based on the real parameters of society, but on its idea outside of society. Plato's socio-political views reveal the specifics of the teachings about society in the modern era. In the Middle Ages, the interpretation of society acquired a more religious character. Medieval philosophers saw the unity of the historical process in the divine beginning. The divine essence creates the whole world in the nature of a duretiushi substance. And the history of mankind is viewed as a "corrected" existence. The religious interpretation of history includes the eschatological idea - the idea of the end of the world. 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