162 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 02, Issue 02, 2024 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 Communicative Speech and Discourse State Ramazon Radjabovich Bobokalonov Doctor of Philology, Professor of Bukhara State University Sadirova Sadaf Sayliddin qizi A talented student of Bukhara State University Abstract: A language is a system of signs that includes words and syntax that have the meaning of words - this is a set of rules by which sentences are built. Speech is a language in practice. Speech is a specific type of human linguistic activity that provides communication between people and their socio-historical development. There are some differences between communicative speech and speech. Communicative speech competencies are based on mutual communication. Keywords: Speech, language, internal speech, written speech, speech culture, interaction, speech genre. Introduction Speech is a specific form of life of language as a separate type of social activity, the functioning of language in the processes of expression and exchange of ideas. Speech refers to the processes in which it is expressed orally and in writing, that is, the process of speaking and its outcome (spoken thoughts, works stored in memory or recorded in writing). In linguistic theory, the concept of speech contrasts with the concept of abstract language, which is a system of means of expression adopted in a particular language community, and with the concept of a clear, somewhat more general language, one of the most characteristic forms of social existence (life). In order to influence the behavior and activities of other people, the original speech (external speech) that serves to convey information to them, that is, speech, in the form of articulation of language signs perceived (recorded and repeated by voice recorders) or occurs as a conditional representation of the characters in the text. Main content Internal speech takes place on the basis of external speech, without the use of sound or writing, but only in the form of mental processes that take place with clear perceptions of the words in the spoken word. Written speech differs from oral speech in that it is somewhat formed, words are chosen very carefully, grammatically clear but complex, and the tone, facial expressions, and hand gestures that are the characteristic of oral speech cannot be used directly. In addition to the communicative function of speech, it can perform other functions, such as the poetic function. The special aspect of speech is reading (Bobokalonov). Everyone’s speech has individual, distinctive features; however, the basic language elements - the vocabulary structure and grammatical structure - are not only specific to individuals, but also general, that is, they apply to a particular language community as a whole. Speech is closely related to a person's thinking, his consciousness (Sayfullaeva). In speech people’s thoughts are formed and present. Because of speech and the generalization of being on the basis of speech, abstract reflection becomes possible, logical conceptual thinking that goes beyond individuality 163 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us and becomes a product of society. Speech is also of great importance in the development of the human mind, in the manifestation and action of other aspects of the human psyche, his senses, perception, memory, thoughts, feelings, will, and so on (Bobokalonov). Analytical section Speech, on the other hand, is more important than communicative speech. The sociolinguistic nature of speech, the socio-psychological nature, ethical and aesthetic expression, socio-political problems, etc. are fully studied in Uzbek linguistics. Although there are different descriptions and definitions on the subject of speech in different fields of linguistics, the term “speech” by E. Buussans, proposed by in Language and Speech (1943). Here, speech language - the signaling system - the mechanism for translating live speech - is considered as discourse. E. Buussans introduced the trinity of "language-speech-discourse" into the binary opposition. At that time, the interpretation of speech was synonymous with the concepts of “text” and “speech”. Radical changes in understanding of the concept of speech began only in the 1960s. With the emergence of structural linguistics, its meaning was seen as a specific means of creating and modifying reality, a matrix and language structure that carried encoded information about the language universe, surrounding reality events. Claude Levi- Strous is a prominent representative of systemic approaches in the study and analysis of speech [Levi-Strauss 1993, 2001]. His works were based on the study of the speech of ancient myths, because according to Levi-Strauss, mythological speech gives rise to different variants of subjective reality, through which the surrounding reality is perceived. Representatives of the French school of discourse analysis of the study of speech on the basis of a structural-linguistic approach M. Peshe, P. Serio, E.P. Orlandi, J.-J. Kertin and D. Maldidier, Michel Peshe show the development of speech as a socio-cultural structure that reflects the place of an individual in society. This concept was originally proposed by Louis Altyusser as the main result of his work.1 Each speech is spoken with a specific purpose and has its own ideological direction and aesthetic impact. These features are inherent in the external character of speech. Sometimes there is also a speaker who is self-directed, unspoken. In doing so, the speaker speaks to himself. Such speech is not in the nature of intellectual, kinethetic, connected speech, but is expressed in an imaginary image. Speech is divided into oral or written type, depending on how it uses language units (Bobokalonov). In the process of speech, a certain part of language units (dictionary structure, grammatical rules, phonetic possibilities) is used to express ideas. So, people’s speech consists of the realization of a certain part of language units. The importance of language to the development of society is reflected in the process of speech. While speech is a mental and physiological process in an individual, it is the practical manifestation of language materials. Speech belongs to the individual, in which the characteristic of the speaker is reflected. That is why the individuality of speech does not deviate from the laws of the general language system (Bobokalonov). Thus, language and speech are interconnected, one cannot exist without the other, but they are social phenomena that differ from each other. Language is material for the process of communication, and speech is the formation of ideas from that material. Language units are manifested in the process of speech, it is also used by speakers of literary language in everyday life, in the process of work, in family life, in a ceremonial environment. In the interdependent chain of "language-language ability - speech" only speech is manifested in external (material) form (verbal, written, through various conditional signs) and is recorded (heard, written by our sensory organs, seen, measured). Language, on the other hand, is concealed and imagined as a hidden internal and ideal phenomenon. ”Language can be communicated under certain conditions. Accordingly, speech will be of several types: everyday speech, business speech, ceremonial speech, public speech, colloquial speech, dialectal speech, stage speech, character 1Louis Altyusser. Philosophie et philosophie spontanée des savants. — P.: Maspero, 1967. La Découverte, 1977. 164 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us speech, artistic speech, folklore speech, image speech, speaker speech, poetic speech, and so on. Both linguistic factors and extralinguistic factors play and participate in forms of speech appearance. 1. Conditions for speech perception and formation. Interlocutors and speakers use different language units in different speech situations. As a result, he forms his own speech. Factors related to the conditions of speech perception and formation include the following: 1. The degree of formality and informality of the relationship. 2. Speech formation and lifestyle. 3. The level of attitude of the interlocutors. 4. The nature of the object of speech. 5. The nature of the speech addressee. 6. Speech appearance. 7. The degree of special training. 8. The level of activity of extralinguistic units 2. The content of the speech. The content of a person’s speech will also be different. Our thinking about being is of two kinds: 1) explicit thinking with a subject, 2) theoretical abstract thinking. In the process of object-specific thinking, the following forms of speech formation occur: a) simple object-oriented thinking is useful in oral speech; b) formed generalized thinking is used in journalistic speech; c) Theoretical abstract thinking is typical of scientific speech, formed subject thinking is used in artistic speech. 3. The function of speech is a form of action. The function of speech is characterized by its permanence, objectivity, legitimacy, and structure. Although speeches are similar to each other in a particular function, it has different aspects with other features. As a result of the mixing of tasks, new forms of speech emerge. The following features can be expressed in each speech function: 1) the function of expressing objectivity and subjectivity. 2) the task of expressing concreteness, abstraction and generalization. 3) the task of expressing intelligence and emotionality. 4) the function of expressing open (explicit) and closed (implicit) content. 4. The construction of speech is an integral structure. Speech structure is a living form of language. There are general rules of integral structure of speech: 1) the weight and character of the units whose methodological character is clearly visible, 2) the ratio of analytics and synthesis in speech construction. 3) naming everything in a form that corresponds to its essence belongs to scientific discourse, the choice of forms expressing important meanings belongs to colloquial speech, the choice of forms expressing expressive meanings belongs to publicist discourse, the use of forms specific to all styles belongs to artistic discourse. 4) the degree of complete formation of the speech structure. As a result of the full expression of the idea, they strive to form a complete speech. This situation was reflected in the written speech. 5) the nature of the use of metaphors. In speech, metaphor serves to express two meanings: a) meaning outside the language or context; b) verbal or contextual meaning. As a result of the interaction of these two meanings, additional semantic ottenkas, subjective meanings are expressed. They use verbal Linguistic and extralinguistic factors 1. Conditions for speech perception and formation 2. The content of the speech. 3. The function of speech is a form of action.. 4. The structure of speech is a structural structure. 165 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us metaphors in colloquial speech. They tend to use expressive, open, and closed metaphors in biblical speech. 6) weight and character of the absorbed layer. In written speech, the weight of the assimilated words is greater, but in spoken speech, the weight of the assimilated layer is less. The meanings of cut, pitching are more commonly used in colloquial speech. 7) The degree of interdependence of different units of language. In scientific, journalistic, formal speech, the interdependence of language units is very low, as they use intellectual neutral forms more. In colloquial speech, each linguistic unit performs a different function depending on its intonation and the effect of stress, rather than its location in the sentence. Accuracy of speech. This is a factor that allows the speaker and listener to understand each other easily and quickly, and if the speech is not correct, it will not be clear, purposeful, and logical. There are several factors that ensure speech accuracy. The correctness of speech is, first of all, its conformity to the norm of literary language. Emphasis is placed on the communicative quality of speech in French: 1. The logic of speech. Suggestions should be consistent. Usually, a person shares their thoughts on a particular topic, but then remembers something else, moves on to other topics, and starts talking about something completely different. 2. The relevance of the speech. Every time something is told, you have to think about whether it fits right now. Unfortunately, people do not always assess the situation correctly in a timely manner. 3. Expression of speech. The listener should work with intonation, pronunciation, accent, etc. to make the speaker interested in the speaker’s speech. The communicative quality of speech is maintained by special means - rhetorical numbers and ways. They help make the text bright, clear and memorable. 4. Accuracy of speech. There are more than enough grammatical manuals for the communicative quality of speech, beautiful and correct speech, good knowledge of grammar, richness of vocabulary. 5. The richness of speech. Reading more books enriches speech. The richness of speech ensures its communicative quality, serving to deliver sentences beautifully and competently and to convey them to others. 6. Purity of speech. Releasing complaints, accents and parasitic words from speech, avoiding any negative elements, ensures the purity of speech. The communicative qualities of speech help to organize pure communication. Speech is a concrete tool for human thinking. Speech is a human language (Bobokalonov). Types of speech activities can be: 1) external or internal, 2) oral or written, 3) passive (reading, listening) or active (speaking, writing), 4) monological or dialogic, 5) fast or slow, 6) short or long, 7) clear, obvious or chaotic, 8) passionate or simple, 9) natural or polite, 10) quiet or loud, 11) bright or incomprehensible, 12) smart or rude, 13) literate or illiterate and others (Bobokalonov). Conclusion Speech communication is the process of speaking, listening, reading, writing, translating in between people. Communication is a complex combination of speech situation, external conditions and internal psychological reactions that encourage interlocutors to exchange information, the components of the speech situation (participant, listener, receiver, audience), the situation of the subject (place, time, important conditions) (oral or written speech, usual characters), code (language, dialect, style), speech genre (scientific speech, conversation), basic criteria of speech culture (grammar, stylistics, pronunciation rules, expressive means of language, oral and written literary language use of norms) is also dependent on different communication conditions, speech ability, and speech subtlety according to the purpose and content of the speech. 166 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us References 1. Altyusser, Louis. Philosophie et philosophie spontanée des savants. — P.: Maspero, 1967. La Découverte, 1977. 2. Bobokalonov R.R. 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