241 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 02, Issue 02, 2024 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 Comparative Study of Hydronym Terms in English and Uzbek Languages Nilufar Juraeva Komil qizi, Urolova Oysuluv Poyon qizi Abstract: This article provides information about the methods and ways of creating hydronymic terms. At the same time, many artificial terms are created on the basis of simple terms in economic terminology, and it is supported by examples. Keywords: semantic method, river tributary, water level, terminology, functional system. In linguistics, hydronymy is a branch of onamastics or the process of thematic study of place names, which studies the names of basins associated with water, the origin of these names, and the history of their names. Hydronyms are a system that can include the names of rivers, lakes, seas, streams, and even ocean elements. HYDRONYM [hydro.. + wool. onyma - name] The name of the river, water bodies. In fact, the hydronym Murghab is related to the root "marg" in the Sughd language. "UTA". Hydronyms, which are part of onamastics, are distinguished by the fact that they have internal thematic divisions. According to linguists, every nation tries to preserve the original form of hydronyms. "For example, we can see that the Rhine River in Germany is not named in German, but in Celtic. The Mississippi River in the United States is named in the Anishinaabe language, not in French or English. The names of large rivers are more preserved than the names of small streams. Hydronomy can therefore be a means of reconstructing past cultural interactions, population movements, religious changes, or ancient languages. For example, Kenneth Jackson, a professor of history, found that some hydronymic names did not change as a result of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain and the influence of English culture on the example of rivers. In the construction of the modern Uzbek literary language, terminology is distinguished by its special place and status. There are two worldviews about the role of terminology in the vocabulary. According to the first idea, terminology is recognized as an independent layer of the lexicon of the literary language, while according to the second theory it is separated from the vocabulary of the literary language, evaluated as a "separate" object, and types of speech (dialect, slang, live conversation). According to V. P. Danilenko, terminology means an independent functional type of general literary language, i.e. traditional scientific language (language of science, science or technology). The language of science, as one of the functional systems of the general literary language, stands alongside the concepts of the language of live conversation and the language of fiction. The language of science is formed and developed on the basis of the general literary language of the nation. Therefore, the foundation of the language of science and science is the lexicon, word formation and grammar of the general literary language. According to H. Hewell, terminology is a set of terms related to a specific science or words used in the field of technology. By recording the meaning of the terms, we also record the concepts they represent. There are different understandings of the term. For example, for logicians, a term is a word that refers to a set of descriptions (or descriptions) of a specific object and is applied to it. Any word in any language can be a term, and a term in technology is a special word that is artificially invented or taken 242 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us from natural language. The field of application of such words is determined or limited by representatives of one or another scientific school. Unlike universal terms, terms specific to science and technology are combined into terminological systems as hierarchical units, they achieve their meaning only within the same system, in which a logical (conceptual) terminological field corresponds to them. Terminological systems have different ways of getting rich, the main one is word formation. In contrast to the general literary language, the following three methods are mainly used in the formation of terms. 1. Semantic 2. Morphological 3. Syntactic In Uzbek linguistics, the change of word meaning, the transfer of meaning, the connection between some meanings of polysemantic words is broken, and the formation of a new word through the specialization of some of them is semantic or It is called lexical-semantic construction. It is known that the meanings of words in the language can be transferred in different ways. For example, a change in the semantics of a word occurs mainly on the basis of semantic transformation, such as metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and function. According to the unanimous opinions of linguists, metaphor plays the main role in creating a term using the semantic method. The process of formation and development of terminology takes place on the basis of the laws of language-specific word formation and the lexical fund of the language. Terminology of general consumption lexicon is historical. This phenomenon shows the existence of a two-way relationship between language and terminology. This process is also evident in the close connections between the general literary lexicon and the terminological lexicon. Literary words form the lexical wealth and norm of colloquial language, dialects, dialects and social slang, argolam. At the same time, universal words are recognized as one of the sources that always fill and expand the terminology of any national language. Examples of hydronymic terms in English include; Tributary- a tributary, Estuary- a place where a river flows into the sea, Distributary- a delta- shaped area, Icy valley- an icy valley, Allogene rivers- rivers flowing from another area, lakes- lakes, Stream- flow, Basin- a basin. Terms can be different depending on what words they are made of: Uzbek hydronym terms of the noun + noun type: river bank, water flow, water level, river tributary, etc. English hydronym terms of noun + noun type: the flow of the water, level of water, river bank, river tributary and others. Uzbek hydronym terms of adjective+noun type: steep bank, closed basin, nomadic river, coastal waters. English hydronym terms of adjective+noun type: steep bank, closed basin, nomadic river, coastal waters. When terms are created in a semantic way, meaning shifts occur. For example: the edge of a shirt is the edge of a river, a steep rock is a steep bank, a nomadic tribe is a nomadic river. We can find many such words in hydronym terms. In conclusion, it can be said that among the compound terms related to hydronym, it has its own advantages not only because of the large number of simple compound terms, but also because it expresses the concepts in a correct, clear and concise way. It is not a problem to adapt the content to the Uzbek language 243 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us REFERENCES: 1. Whewell W. The philosophy of the inductive sciences founded upon their history. Vo. I-II. - London,1967. 2. Hojiyev A.Termin tanlash mezoni.Toshkent-1996 3. Begmatov E.Hozirgi o'zbek adabiy tilining leksik qatlami.Toshkent-1985. 4. A. Pardayev, D.BUrinbayeva, D.A.Islamova. O’zbek terminologiyasi.-Samarqand: SamDU nashri, 2020.-168-169 b. 5. Исмоилов Ғ.М. Ўзбек тили терминологик тизимларида семантик усулда термин ҳосил бўлиши. НДА. – Тошкент, 2011.pages 32-38