277 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 02, Issue 02, 2024 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 SEMANTIC ANALYSIS IN LITERARY LETTERS Mamadaliyeva Susana Atamovna senior teacher of Karshi SU Annotation. Letter is a concise, compact and impressive presentation of human communication and an effective way of communicating feelings and confessions. Key words: classical literature, journalistic letters, space, time, diplomatic letter, love letter, detail, hero psychology, conflict, letter, denouement. Content.Letter is one of the shortest and most effective forms of human communication. It reflects the heart, mood, dreams and aspirations of the recipient of the letter along with the writer. The letters serve as a valuable source for studying not only the lives and works of writers and critics, but also the period, history, reasons for writing, and the secrets of a particular work with all its contradictions. Alisher Navoi's letters to Munshaot have their own characteristics, and their insufficient study in Uzbek literature forces us to study this topic. This determines the relevance of our chosen topic. Thus, together with the writer, the letters show the mood reflected in dreams and aspirations. "Letters reveal the secrets of people's descriptions and feelings." Because of this, letters have been the focus of attention since ancient times. The content of letters may vary. The letters are large, according to his classification: letters from individuals, letters from writers, letters from critics; personal letters, friendly letters, social letters, journalistic letters, letters of a literary nature, letters to officials. Scientific study of Alisher Navoi's letters. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were identified: to explain the essence and features of the writing genre; Determining the place of writing in the work of Alisher Navoi; give different classifications of letters; determine the place of the great poet’s letters in the life of that period; study the goals, objectives, scope of the writing genre; Reveal the meaning of Navoi's letters. Based on analysis and research, show the role of genre in the development of Alisher Navoi and classical literature, give certain generalized conclusions. The scientific study and analysis of one of the leading genres of Alisher Navoi’s work, which plays an important role in literature and literary criticism, determines its scientific novelty. If personal messages between people are perceived there as a means of communication, letters in literature are a separate genre, their essence, their forms, the study of their forms remains an urgent task. [Sh. Akhmedova. Literature of Uzbekistan and art. Article. 2004.] As mentioned above, letters carry information, serve and thus convey information. Writing is information, artistic and aesthetic, along with transport and communication, it influences and also contributes to the development of fiction. Thus, writing is in a sense a reworked, polished letter, it is an art form and a classic as a result of the rise of artistic intent, a genre that appeared in literature. Letters appear first in poetry and then in prose. Letters in Persian literature are based on the genre and have developed them. Letters in Uzbek classical literature and the emergence of the genre are associated with the name Khorezm. A http://www/ 278 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us letter is a human document. It clearly and objectively expresses the personality of the author of the letter, his unique state of mind and experiences. The essence of the letter is not the evidence itself, but, first of all, the person and his attitude towards him, the expression of personal thoughts, experiences and feelings.Writing has a certain significance in a person’s life, including in the development of literature, which plays an important role in its spiritual development. In this context, there is a need to divide letters, first of all, into several groups: personal letters, literary letters, journalistic letters, artistic letters, while personal correspondence between people is considered as a means of communication, correspondence in literature. - a separate genre, and the study of their various forms is one of the important tasks facing us. Research methods. Letters can be classified according to whom, for what reason and when. Personal letters can be divided into several types: 1) letters to friends and acquaintances 2) letters of political and social, journalistic content 3) letters about literature (to a writer, critic, etc.) They compare a letter to a mirror, a letter is the same as its writer, exactly the same as its owner. Like a mirror, writing can accurately reflect both spiritual poverty and “your simmering emotional and intellectual wealth” (Askad Mukhtor). Letter is equal to the creativity of every people. The oldest example of Khorezmian writing was found in a castle that dates back to the 3rd century BC. The Sogdian inscription monument is engraved on a ceramic vessel found in Tali Barzu (Sogd) and dates back to the 1st century BC. Examples of these inscriptions from the 2nd and 3rd centuries were found in Dunhuang (East Turkestan). They contain correspondence between a mother living in Samarkand and a girl living in Dunhuang. The correspondence provides information about family life and the high cultural level of the peoples of Central Asia. Discussions .Our object of our research is not examples of the genre, but, in the era of new Uzbek literature, the study of letters in created works. Let's talk about it, the reason is the genesis of writing. The ancient Roman ethicist Lucius Anni Seneca (5th century BC, 65 AD) provides one of the pamphlets on ethics. There is a work “Ethical Letters of Lucili”. In it, Lucius explains the rules and etiquette of writing letters to children in Ancient Rome. As you can see, the issue of letters began to attract special attention in Ancient Rome. In the 4th millennium BC, the ancient state of the Aztecs in America, according to ancient sources, the secrets of antiquity, such as writing, used to transmit information between priests, are also known to science. His secret is known to everyone, only the high priests knew how to speak through it. So, it turns out that the practical need for using letters is to hide secrets, to convey information abstractly, so that information can be exchanged. Analysis of literature on the article.Orientalists paid special attention to the genre of writing. Another researcher, Urinbaev Abdurakhmon, chooses as his object the study of Jami’s letters to Rukaat in his time. As a result of their in-depth study, during the XIV-XV centuries, the genre of writing reached its peak of development, emphasizes [Letters of Urinboev A. Jomiya. Tashkent, 1984] This genre is especially characteristic of the work of Alisher Navoi, along with the use of letters as genres. His letters to his contemporaries are included in “Moonshaot” [Kh. Khomidiy, Sh. Abdullaeva, S. Ibrokhimova. "O'ktuvchi" Toshkent 1967]. These are two examples. A leading source of epistolary literature of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, listed in the Dictionary of Literary Terms. To Shirin from Farkhod in Alisher Navoi's epic “Farkhod and Shirin” the letters he sent are the best examples of romantic letters. At that time, birds, pigeons and horsemen acted as couriers. By the time of the Khanate, letters were sent by couriers, ambassadors or secret envoys. To contribute to the development of the country, which at one time focused on a number of areas, scholars having not only education and upbringing, but also scientific and literary ideas of classifying letters in works http://www/ 279 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us of art Mahmudhoji Behbudi also touched upon the problem of Behbudi and divided them into two main types. 1. General letters 2. Private letters classified as features of both types of letters. Examples of letter types are given. As you can see, Behbudi was careful not only in the field of school education, but in all spheres of society. Its place in a work of art, from letters to speech to images in works of art is used very often. Because the speech of the main character in the speech of the work reflects his mood through internal experiences, dreams, thoughts, and state of mind. Make it brighter, clearer and more impressive - the image of writing flows into his heart to express his artistic expression in his work. Today there are works that are works. If we take the letter out of the composition, we will see a theme, an idea, it will even influence the course of events. The significance and level of work is also completely lost. At least there are works written in letters from beginning to end. In the play, the arrangement of letters depends on the skill of the writer. Results.Because thematic letters are important in revealing the ideological and artistic intentions of the writer. The shape, size, and way of expressing letters in a person’s works also depend on the genre in which the image of the psyche is created. Because it's a little epic in terms of the volume of letters found in stories with shorter genre schemes, and the content is more easily expressed. But writing has a special place in the play. In stories that are examples of the average epic genre, the letters encountered and their content represent the broader, larger epic of the subject, the weight of the letter level in novels with genre models is much broader in terms of its influence and significance on the events of the work. In the novels, in the letters he encounters, the human psyche, his inner world, his ideas and their significance not only in the reality of the work, but also in its influence on humanity, will not remain. Time also occupies a special place in the introduction of writing into works as a special object.Take for example the history of ancient and medieval times, historical writings found in evocative works (various conflicts and rich in mortal battles) on most political topics, I - II, and in works depicting World War II, writing is both positive and and negative and can be divided into character. Letters from works of the post-war period and themes of friendship and love predominate. Along with the subject and time for writing, space is also a key function, because if the place is close (or even if the place is close, if there is no distance between hearts) in the emotions, there will be no rebellion or writing in the emotions. Written works and their literary criticism occupy a special place in their development. As for stories with small epic genres, compositional structure of writing or letters in works that influence the course of events, stories have a short plot. Summary.The size of the letters in it is also short. However, the letter finds its place in the story. “Kindness” by Odil Yakubov, “Ilyinj” by Pirimkul Kadyrov Shukur Kholmirzaeva letters from a series of stories such as “Spring has passed.” For example, in Odil Yakubov’s story “Kindness” from Mansurjon there is a letter according to legend, Mansurjon marries a girl named Munnavvarkhan and goes to war three days before their wedding. It was a letter about showing feelings and love for each other. 1) Messages that appear as text (in this form the exact text of the letter is given); 2) Letters found in the form of content. (The text letter is not quoted, but the content of the letter influences the course of events in the exhibitions). This means that the letters that appear in the works are in the form of text that is formally expressed, although the text is not quoted in the play, we can analyze the content of the letters. http://www/ 280 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us REFERENCES 1. Sh. Akhmedova. Letters and literary criticism. Tashkent. 2005 1. 2.Zurshid Davron Library. L. A. Seneca. Ethical letters for Lucius 2. Letters from Orinboev to A. Jomi. Tashkent, 1984 3. 4.X. Khomidiy, Sh. Abdullaeva, S. Ibrokhimova. “Teacher” Tashkent, 1967 4. 5.Ibrokhim Gofurov. "MOONSHOT" IS A LETTER 5. Markhabo Kochkorova, LETTERS - THE MIRROR OF THE SOUL, World Literature magazine, 2009, No. 11. http://www/