471 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 02, Issue 02, 2024 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 Forms and Types of Speech Aggression Alfiya Galyamova Teacher of the department of General Linguistics Uzbek State University of World Languages, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Abstract: The article is devoted to the manifestation of speech aggression and some types and forms of its manifestation. Verbal aggression is relevant at the present stage, knowing the forms of its manifestation, it is possible to prevent verbal aggression at various stages of manifestation and ways to overcome it. Keywords: verbal aggression, speech aggression, communicative situation, speech, conflict, concept, condemnation. At the present stage, the phenomenon of verbal aggression remains relevant and requires further research. In the process of verbal communication, difficulties of mutual understanding arise between the speaker and the listener, which leads to difficulties between the interlocutors, prevents full-fledged communication and the creation of common interaction strategies. Verbal aggression is an integral part of any conflict and can be the most dangerous enemy of politeness. People, often, entering into communication, face this problem. Therefore, it is extremely important to comprehensively study this phenomenon in order to ensure speech safety for both individuals and society as a whole. There are many definitions of aggression. In the explanatory dictionary of S. I. Ozhegov and N. Y. Shvedova, the following definition of the concept of "verbal aggression" is given: "this is open hostility, provoking hostility"[4]. Thus, Yu. B. Mozhginsky gives the following definition of "verbal aggression" as "actions and statements aimed at causing harm, mental and physical pain to another being" [2]. Verbal aggression is characterized by verbal means that cause pain and insults. It can be an expression of negative emotions such as discontent, resentment, distrust, rage, hatred, through swearing, reproaches, accusations, insults and threats. Negative emotions can provoke certain communicative behavior, which is expressed through verbal and non-verbal aggressive actions during aggressive communication. It can be assumed that aggression is such behavior, the purpose of which is to cause moral or physical damage to a person or to oneself. The manifestation of verbal aggression has a different degree of manifestation and the researchers considered it from different positions. Scientists such as K.F. Sedov, L. V. Enina, Yu.V. Shcherbinina, G. A. Kopnina, A. Bass and others conducted research in the field of verbal aggression and considered classifications of this phenomenon in different ways based on such features as awareness of the subject, severity, strength of orientation, speaker and listener in a communicative situation and other aspects. Let's look at the most common of them. In addition to the classical juxtaposition "physical aggression – verbal aggression", researchers A. Bass and A. Dark distinguishes the following types of aggression: indirect aggression, negativism, resentment, guilt, irritability and suspicion. In addition, the juxtaposition "autoaggression – heteroaggression" is introduced [1, pp. 80-84] 472 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us A. Bass proposed a classification based on three scales: physical/verbal, active/passive, direct/indirect. With regard to speech aggression, he identifies four types: 1. Active direct aggression: This is aggression, which is expressed in a direct and open appeal to the addressee in order to offend, destroy, subjugate or suppress him. 2. Passive direct aggression: in this case, aggressive behavior manifests itself in a passive form, for example, through silence, ignoring or refusing to communicate. 3. Active indirect aggression: this is aggression, which manifests itself in the form of indirect or masked statements, for example, through irony, sarcasm or banter. 4. Passive indirect aggression: this is aggression, which is expressed in a passive form and in indirect or masked statements, for example, through depression, complaints or accusations. Thus, Bass identifies three main parameters by which he characterizes the forms of aggressive behavior: 1) physical — verbal aggression; 2) active — passive aggression; 3) direct — indirect aggression. Combining these forms gave him the opportunity to identify the above 8 types of aggressive behavior. Yu. V. Shcherbinina characterizes verbal aggression as being expressed to varying degrees negative, which has negative consequences in verbal communication, where aggressive speech is evaluated as abusive, abusive, insulting, offensive, unfriendly, impolite, overwhelming, humiliating, etc. Yu. V. Shcherbinina defines verbal aggression, in particular, with concepts such as negative the method of communicative interaction, negative speech effects, offensive communication, destructive communication, manifestation of rudeness in speech [7]. Verbal and non-verbal aggressive communication includes certain elements that make up the structure of communication as a whole. To identify the main components of aggressive verbal and non-verbal communication, it is necessary to refer to the main components of communication. In an aggressive communicative situation, there is an expression of opinion and conflicts arise that are caused by an event-denotative situation. The elements of this situation, highlighted by N.I. Formanovskaya, are the participants of communication (the speaker and the addressee), goals, motives, intentions of the addressee, his assessment and emotions, attitude to reality, the content of the message, the choice of means of communication, as well as the place and time of communication [5, pp. 27-28]. Romanov A.A. He notes that aggressive communication, which has certain components in its structure, is usually accompanied by negative emotions of speakers, which leads to the possibility of its attribution to the model of uncomfortable psychological communication [3, pp. 321-324]. According to A.A. Romanov, often, in communication, there is a purpose and a reason for which it is possible to determine the plans of the interlocutor. In this case, verbal communication is most influenced by the speaker and the listener, which determine how communication is built and the greater predominance of aggressive emotions. During an aggressive communicative act, the speaker is the leader in decision-making, has great communicative weight, determines the topic, strategies and tactics of aggressive influence on the addressee [3, pp. 327-328]. However, an important role in aggressive communication is also played by the addressee, who can either support or neutralize aggressive statements [5, pp. 26-29]. The role of the speaker and listener in the formation of an emotional plot in a speech situation is related to the human factor, therefore, it is impossible to imagine a person who does not experience certain emotions. Thus, emotions that arise during communication are factors influencing communicants who express aggression, support or neutralize the aggressiveness of a communicative situation. In addition to the emotional state of communicants, aggressive speech and their decoding depend on the social characteristics of native speakers. A.N. Baranov refers to permanent signs such as biological sex, age, place of birth and upbringing, degree of education, professional affiliation of speakers. A person's social roles can change over the course of life and this is facilitated by the place occupied by a person in society, as well as norms of behavior. In this case, these permanent and 473 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us non-permanent human functions in the process of communication determine the aggressive position of communicants, which are manifested in the choice of language and speech means of aggressive influence. Thus, speech aggression has many different types, they can be classified according to different criteria, since the statements themselves and the situations in which they are used may be different. There is no one classification system that is better than others, since all types of aggression have their own significance and can be studied. It is advisable to initially build a friendly approach with an aggressively minded person and come to an agreement, not to conflict. If the communicant is not ready to give up the expression of aggression, then care must be taken not to intensify the negative, which can lead to irreversible consequences. Ideas about the forms, types and causes of speech aggression and ways to overcome it, you can completely stop aggression, or cope with further intensification. References 1. Diagnostika sostoyaniya agressii (oprosnik Bassa-Darki) // Diagnostika emotsionalno- nravstvennogo razvitiya / Red. i sost. Dermanova I.B. – SPb., 2002. – S. 80-84. 2. Mozhginsky, Y. B. Agressivnost’ detey i podrostkov: raspoznavaniye, lecheniye, profilaktika –2-e izdaniye, stereotipnoye. Moskva: Kogito -Tsentr, 2008. – 181 s. 3. Romanov A.A. Obshaya model’ dialogicheskoy interaktsii i yeye raznovidnosti // Tverskaya filologiya: proshloye, nastoyasheye, budusheye: Sbornik nauchnyx statey. – Tver’: Izd-vo «Zolotaya bukva», 2002. – S. 321–330. 4. C. I. Ojegov, N. Yu. Shvedova. Tolkoviy slovar’ Ojegova. 1949-1992. 5. N.I. Formanovskaya Kul’tura obsheniya i rechevoy etiket: Nauchno-populyarnoye izdaniye. – M.: Izd-vo IKAR, 2002. – S. 15-233. 6. Shcherbinina Yu.V. Russkiy yazik. Rechevaya agressiya i puti yeye preodoleniya / Shcherbinina Yu.V. – M.: Flinta, 2004. – 324 s. 7. Shcherbinina Yu.V. Pedagogicheskiy diskurs: myslit’ – govorit’ – deystvovat’ : ucheb. posobiye. M. : Flinta : Nauka, 2010.