451 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 02, Issue 03, 2024 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 The Role of Russian Scientists in the Study of Phraseologists Guzal Muхtorovna Umarjonova Associate Professor of Fergana State University Abstract: The article talks about the concept of phraseology and classifications, views and criteria given to them by Russian linguists. Keywords: phraseology, idiom, dictionary, fixed expressions, lexeme, combination, unit, lexicology, stylistics, component. Introduction Different languages have their own vocabulary, and its constant change is a constant focus of attention among world linguists. Many comparative and cross-sectional studies have been conducted in this regard. In the context of current globalization, this issue has become even more relevant. Because the vocabulary of some highly developed languages of the world is enriched with new vocabulary units every day. Due to the rapid development of science and technology and the unprecedented flow of human thinking, various new concepts and expressions and linguistic structures expressing them appear every minute. As we know, any innovation leads to the emergence of new words or phrases, which, in turn, leads to linguistic research into these phrases. Phraseologisms are one of the internal capabilities of the language, its features. The wealth of any language in the world consists not only of lexical units, but also of the existing thousands of stable expressions, and these stable combinations are also part of the vocabulary of the language. The main part In the second half of the last century, linguists around the world carried out a number of fundamental works regarding phraseological units. Many linguists have described phraseological units in different languages and their signs, a number of monographs and dissertations have been created, phraseological dictionaries have been compiled in one, two or more languages. At the same time, the process of formation of phraseological expressions and their significance in increasing the vocabulary of a language have not yet been studied separately. However, the formation of existing phraseological units in the Uzbek language, their place in the vocabulary, their semantic, grammatical and paradigmatic features have not been sufficiently studied. Separately, it should be noted that phraseological expressions are nominal units that are formed again and again in the language. Therefore, the uniqueness of their structure and semantics requires special research. Since their study provides the content of interesting questions in language, research on this issue, which began to be studied in the last century, has not stopped to this day. “The formation of phraseological units as an independent science of linguistics was laid down by Russian linguists. These scientists described phraseological units in different ways in their studies”1. For example, famous Russian linguists V.V.Vinogradov2, I.I.Chernysheva3, 1 Умаржонова Г. Замонавий немис ва ўзбек тилларида “Hand“ – “қўл” фразеологик бирликлар функционал мазмунининг тадқиқи масаласи // ФарДУ. Илмий хабарлар. – Фарғона, 2019. – № 4. – Б. 145-148. 452 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us N.N.Shansky4 distinguish various phrases into phraseological units and the degree of their stability. A.I.Molotkov classified phraseological units as “idiomatic units” and “stable expressions”5. He recognized that expression is characterized by metaphor, figurative means, expression and emotional coloring. But in their studies, scientists called these units by different names. In particular, G.L.Permyakov6 preferred to call phraseological units terms, words, wise sayings, aphorisms. The works of the famous Russian linguist V.V.Vinogradov play a special role in the scientific study of phraseology issues. In his works, the scientist clarified the basic concepts, scope and tasks of phraseology. The opinions of V.V. Vinogradov7 on the grouping of phraseological units classified not only in Russian, but also in Western linguistics, the level of richness of phraseological units of the corresponding languages was studied, and the phraseology of Western languages became the object of scientific research. Also, phraseological units of the Russian language were analyzed by A.I.Smirnitsky8, V.L.Arkhangelsky9, M.T.Tagiev10, M.M.Kopylenko11, N.M.Shansky12, V.P.Zhukov13, A.M.Babkin14, V.N.Teliya15, L.I.Molotkov16, N.N.Amosova17, A.V.Kunin18 for the subject of English. phraseology, and G.F.Zeiler19, I.I.Chernysheva20, I.M.Umarkhodzhaev21, X.Scientists such as Burger22, V.Fleisher23, A.M. Bushui24, T.Shippan25, R.Eckert and H.Günther26, K.Palm27 contributed to linguistics with their research. It should be emphasized that their theoretical and practical research is commendable. The scientific research of I.I.Chernysheva in the field of phraseology is important. He believes that many issues related to the phraseology of the German language have not been developed in 2 Виноградов В.В. ”Избранные труды. Лексикология и лексикография”. – Москва, Изд:Наука, 1977. - С.312. 3 Чернишева И.И. “Фразелогия современного немецкого языка”. – Ташкент, Изд: Высшая школа, 1970. - С.200. 4 Шанский Н.М. Фразеология современного русского языка. - Москва, 2015. – С. 56-58. 5 Молотков А.И. “Основы фразеологии русского языка”. - Ленинград, Изд: Наука. Ленинградское отделение, 1977. – С.282. 6 Пермяков Г.Л. Избранные пословицы и поговорки народов Востока. - Москва. Изд: Наука, 1968. С. 378. 7 Виноградов В.В. ”Избранные труды. Лексикология и лексикография”. – Москва, Изд:Наука, 1977. - С.312. 8 А.И.Смирницкий “Лексикология английского языка”. - Москва. Изд: Издательство литературы на иностранных языках, 1956. – С. 260. 9 Архангельсий В.Л. Устойчивые фразы в современном русском языке. - Ростов, 1964. – С. 299. 10 Тагиев М.Т. Глагольная фразеология современного русского языка. Автореферат.дис. - Боку,1967. – С. 53. 11 Копыленко М.М. Сочетаемость лексем в русском языке. - Москва, 1973. – С. 342. 12 Шанский Н.М, В.И.Зимин, А.В.Филиппов. “Опыт этимологического словаря русской фразеологии”. - Москва, 1987. – С. 240. 13 Жуков В.П. “Русская фразеология: учебное пособие”. - Москва: Высшая школа; Издание 2-е испр. и доп. 2006. - С. 408. 14 Бабкин А.М. Русская фразеология, её развитие и источники. – Москва, 2009. С. 264. 15 Телия В.Н. Русская фразеология. Семантический, прагматический и лингвокульторологический аспекты. Москва, 1996. – С. 288. 16 Молотков А.И. Основы фразеологии русского языка. - Л., 1977. С.231. 17 Амосова Н.Н. Основы английской фразеологии. - Л., 1963. С.208. 18 Кунин А.В. “Фразеология современного английского языка”. - Москва, Изд: “Международные отношения”, 1972. – С. 287. / Курс фразеологии современного английского языка: Учебник. - Москва, 1996. – С. 381. 19 Seiler F. Deutsche Sprichwörterkunde, Handbuch d.dt. Unterrichts an höh. Schulen 4.3, - München, 1922. 20 Чернишева И.И. Некоторые особенности фразеологии немецкого языка. - Москва, 1969. – С. 136. 21 Умарходжаев М.И. Очерки по современной фразеографии. Монография. - Тошкент: Изд: “Фан”, 1977. – С. 103. Принципы составления многоязычного фразеологического словаря. Автореферат дисс.на соис.учен.кан.фил.наук. - Москва, 1972. 22 Burger H. Idiomatik des Deutschen. - Tübingen, 1973. S. 145. 23 Fleischer W. Phraseologie der deutschen Gegenwartssprache. Verlag: - Leipzig, 1982. - S. 250. 24 Бушуй А.М. Лексиграфическое описание фразеологии. - Самарканд. Изд: СамГУ им. А.Навои, 1982. 25 Shippan Th. ”Lexikologie der deutschen Gegenwartssprache”. Verlag: Max Niemeyer. - Tübingen, 1992. – S. 47- 48. 26 Günter H. R.Eckert. Die Phraseologie der russischen sprache. Langenschedet. Verlag Enzyklopädie. 1. Auflage. 1. Januar 1992. –S. 412. 27 Palm Christine. Phraseologie: eine Einführung. - Tübingen: Narr, 1995. 453 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us German linguistics, there are few works,” explains28. Among leading linguists, I.I.Chernysheva emphasized that phraseology is qualitatively and quantitatively different from other linguistic units: “Phraseological units are qualitatively different from lexical units: a) structure; b) meaning; y) distinguished by functional and stylistic affiliation. According to these three indicators, phraseological units are contrasted with lexemes that have a separate structure, as well as phraseological meaning, expressing emotional communication in the field of specific colloquial speech”29. He divided phraseological units into phraseological units and phraseological combinations according to their meaning. It is based on the results of the interaction of the structures of phraseological units, changes in their composition and combination. According to I.I.Chernysheva, “PUs are various structurally stable verbal compounds with a single connection of components, the meaning of which arises in the process of complete or partial semantic change in the component composition30.” He offers the following criteria that distinguish phraseological units from other stable forms: “1) grammatically (predicative units and sentences); 2); relationship between components; 3) the absence of semantic shifts in the component structure of meaning and stable connections as a result of the interaction of the structure (a) of meaning formed as a result of a semantic change in the components; b) meanings arising on the basis of specific lexical components; y) the meaning arising from the structure of the type)”31. Semantic description of phraseological units is a modern type of linguistics. L.R.Zinder and T.V.Stroevas stated in their research that “the new phraseological meaning that has emerged is based not only on changing the meaning of individual components of the phrase, but also means the meaning of the entire combination by adding a new semantic or expressive layer to it”32. The number of researchers working in the field of phraseological units is quite large, and we see that they have divided phraseological units into different classifications and groups. In particular, the theories of V.N.Telia in this regard attract attention. He recommends studying phraseological units in various aspects of linguistics as follows: “1) Linguistics as the field of study of the characteristics of phrases and their signs; 2) As a branch of linguistics that studies their lexical, semantic, grammatical, i.e. semantic properties and their secondary meaning; 3) as a branch of linguistics that studies the nature of phraseological units in speech; 4) As a branch of linguistics that studies methods for identifying a certain direction, style or individual author’s name; 5) As a department of linguistics that studies proverbs; 6) Creation of an encyclopedic dictionary of phraseological units and the creation of a complex of aphorisms, proverbs, proverbs or quotations as a separate area of linguistics”33. A.V. Kunin morphologically divides phraseological units into 4 large structural and grammatical groups and recommends interpreting the first of them, that is, the nominative group, based on a group of sentences. In particular, it includes substantive, adjectives and participial, prepositional phraseological units in the nominative group34. Conclusion N.M.Shansky classifies phraseological units semantically and expresses them as “PU components are a structural unity of a compositional nature, consisting of words that are different in morphological characteristics and are in different syntactic relationships with each 29 Чернишева И.И. “Фразелогия современного немецкого языка”. –Ташкент, Изд: Высшая школа, 1970. -С. 8. 30 Чернишева И.И. “Фразеологический уровень и фразеологическая система языка”. В кн.: «Уровни языка и их взаимодействие», Тезисы научной конференции, Москва, 1967. – С. 165-166. 31 Чернишева И.И. “Фразеологический уровень и фразеологическая система языка”. В кн.: «Уровни языка и их взаимодействие», Тезисы научной конференции, Москва, 1967. – С. 165-166. 32 Зиндер Л.Р. Т.В.Строева. “Совремнный немецкий язык”. Москва: Вышсая школа,1970. – С. 407. 33 Телия В.Н. Русская фразеология. 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