605 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 02, Issue 03, 2024 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 The Samenesses and Peculiarities of Meronymy in Uzbek and English Languages Sojida Mustafaeva Ulashevna Termez Institute of Engineering - Technology e-mail: sojidabonu1986@gmail.com Abstract: This article is devoted to the meronym and its differences between words and the relationship of comparative analysis in two languages - Uzbek and English. In this, it was expressed about the linguistic and non-linguistic appearance of words between the two languages, how to determine their spiritual relations and their main functional aspects from different point of view. Key words: meronym,linguistic relationships, lexem, lexic-semantic meanings, Introduction Studying the relations of word meanings is one of the oldest problems in our science, like linguistics. Every linguist who has conducted research in the field of creating a dictionary, interpreting word meanings, and describing both lexical and grammatical meanings of words has focused on such problems. The works of our ancestors Mahmud Koshghari, Mahmud Zamakhshari, Abu Hayyan, and especially Alisher Navoi, who in the past worked in the field of inter-word-spiritual relations in Turkish languages, are a great contribution to world science.This researching followings have been continued by today’s Uzbek linguistic scientists such asE.Begmatov, M.Narzieva, H.Ne’matov, R.Rasulov, R.Safarova, Sh.Orifjonova, S.G‘iyosov and others predicted to have more kinds of word meanings in stylistics like meronymy, hypoymy, partonymy, graduonymy, hierarchy which could create new characteristics and relations among word relations. And concluding from the researching works of the present time, the complete incommensurability of the language and its lexical - word, word-to-word relations meant not to get stuck only in synonymous, antonym or paronym robotic cases. Words certainly enter into semantic relationships with each other so due to its functions they divided into different categories. Foreign researchers who discovered new aspects of stylistic devices including meanings of words – they are west linguistics A. Cruse, J.Lyons, L.M.Murphy, D. Lakoff gave a wider researching trips about stylistic connotations in linguistics. So it means that there are more new relations between words can express more modern styles as meronymy, hypoymy, partonymy, graduonymy, hierarchy. In this thesis, we only talk about meronyms which have appeared as new one of the stylistic devices in linguistics. Methodology The development of linguistic parts, a new approach led to the creating of word relationships based on new terms, due to the expansion of inter -word meanings. One of the terms that is a product of this development is meronim. In this paper compares word relationships between the Uzbek and English languages which represent how to distinguish or equalize some aspects of characterists of it. So, in this thesis, we used some useful techniques which could help to develop the article deeply. To evaluate the article contrasting, comparing methods are the main to analyse the details as well in this two languages (Uzbek and English) were contrasted by analyzing many examples in context. http://www/ 606 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us Also, classifying words and word meanings from as taxonomy classification was sometimes used to distinguish the meronyms from other features of word relationships. Results and Discussion There are some new aspects of stylistic relationships which can be used to designate a particular classification types in linguistics and lexicography. Lexicography can only show its definitions, linguistics defines its inner lexical-semantic relations between words how to separate from each other. Meronym is new and less sense of relations among word styles. Meronym is a term that denotes part of something but is used to refer to the whole of it, for example: head when used to mean people in “I need many heads to end this work”., apple when used to mean tree in “ These apples should be cultivated more to make productive crops”. Meronym has been researched less in Uzbek linguistics but west researchers could gave more information especially meronyms. So what is meronym and how we can express it into two languages: Uzbek and English. Are there any differences and similarities of meronym in both languages. If we want to refer to something, e.g. a dog, we have several possibilities to express this: We could say ‘spaniel’ (only, of course, if we talk about a spaniel), ‘dog’ or ‘animal’. It becomes clear that these lexical items are of “different levels of specificity” (D.A.Cruse,1975)1, and what we finally say depends on our point of view, whereas no one will disagree that “spaniel” is more specific than “do”, which itself is more specific than “animal”2 in English linguistics. Meronymy (from the ancient Greek words “part” and “name”) is a semantic relationship between a meronym denoting a part and a holonym denoting a whole. In simply way, it sometimes called part-whole relation which represents a whole part of relations in context. For example, Let’s see how it can be addressed in Uzbek language. In English, the study of mereology copies certain part-whole relationships as well as it is used in logic way. Properly, this is showed in terms of first-order logic. Meronymy can also be considered a partial order. In Uzbek, this relationship between the whole and the part is called partonymy. Partonymy is a science that studies the relationships between whole parts in semantic groups of lexemes. For example, a computer (whole) –screen (part) –keyboard (part) and others. Furthermore, tree (whole) –leaf (part) –branch (part) –root (part), body (whole) – head (part), book (whole) – page (part) – cover (part). In them, the lexemes computer, tree, body, book and hand are base words, the parts of them can be addressed as its physical-object senses. In other words, it is accepted that the lexeme in the sense of form identifies as the absorption of the phenomena of actuality in the human mind, that is, on the base of the whole-part accord in the acceptation system, appearing as a need of form in society and was acclimated to accurate the holistic-individual relations of actuality in language. Meronyms in lexical system of the language can be more fundamental phenomena developing word relationships comparing to other word devices like polysemy. A meronym refers to a word or other element that together with other elements forms a whole. So, “bark”, “leaf” and “horn” are meronyms of the holonym “tree”.3 The main objectives of this thesis have nearly been achieved. The reason is that when the two languages were compared and discussed together, it became clear that there is some differences in the word lexemes and word meanings of the two languages as well its structural components. The differing or upgrading of the words in each language's lexeme revealed more deeply the aspect or principle on which they were formed. It is clear that there are some differences in two comparing languages analyzing aspects based on meronyms, it is a product of the new stage of development of this language, and they are a product of modern research and a unit awaiting development. A 1D.A.Cruse Lexical Sematics.-Cambridge University Press, 1986.,P. 156 2 Silvia Nulli.”Hyponymy and meronymy”Term Paper, 2001., P.17 3(Sebastian Matzner, Rethinking Metonymy: Literary Theory and Poetic Practice From Pindar to Jakobson. Oxford University Press, 2016) http://www/ 607 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us meronym/partonym is a part of a word relationship waiting to be elaborated on its stylistic meaning. Conclusion In summary, in English, meronyms are in the form of a whole-part, and even if their places are changed, they should maintain their spiritual integrity. D. Cruz emphasizes that during the study of meronyms, it is necessary to separate them into three types based on the formula and distinguish them clearly. In Uzbek linguistics, meronym expresses the same linguistic meaning as this partonym, and they are explained by the main word like base word, dominant. So, the similarities in both languages are whole - parts - X has Y, but the differences are like whole-part or part-whole in English linguistics, and whole- part (head-subordinate) in Uzbek. The use of systematic linguistic research for the study of semantics is connected with the study of the different structures of words in languagesand the study of interactional relations. Of course, this can be a key factor in determining the most effective cross- linguistic semantic patterns, based on general conceptual principles that are universal to the lexicon and related to word corpora, which are a model of classification in linguistics. References Books 1. D.A.Cruse Lexical Sematics.-Cambridge University Press, 1986.,P. 156 2. (Sebastian Matzner, Rethinking Metonymy: Literary Theory and Poetic Practice From Pindar to Jakobson. Oxford University Press, 2016) 3. J.Jumabayeva. –Turli tizimli tillarda leksik va stilistik graduonomiya. ( Lexical and stylistic graduonomy in different system languages) - Monografiya.(Monograph), Тoshkent “MUMTOZ SO’Z” 2017. b.217 4. Murphy L.M. Meronymy //ELL.-Encyclopedia of Language &Linguistics. Internet documents 5. Silvia Nulli.”Hyponymy and meronymy”Term Paper, 2001., P.17: https://books.google.com/books/about/Hyponymy_and_meronymy.html?id=nqPkQhaWGh 0C 6. B.N.Jurayeva - Characteristic features of the use of national cultural lexicon in mass media:- Intent Research Scientific Journal-(IRSJ) ISSN (E): 2980-4612 Volume 2, Issue 6, June -2023 Website: intentresearch.org/index.php/irsj/index Internet 1. https://www.usingenglish.com/forum/threads/hyponymy-and-meronymy.43463/ 2. https://revistas.marilia.unesp.br/index.php/bjis/article/download/11942/8066/418 3. Longman Advanced American Dictionary. 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