191-193 Representatives of American and Uzbek Literature in 19th and 20th Century 191 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 02, Issue 05, 2024 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 Representatives of American and Uzbek Literature in 19th and 20th Century Nozima Tojiboeva Student of Namangan State University Hushnoza Abduvokhidova Supervisor, Lecturer of Namangan State University, Uzbekistan Abstract: This article provides overview about the representatives of Uzbek and American literature in 19th and 20th century. Particularly, the works of well-known authors and poets were significant both then and now. Despite their struggles, they left behind their masterwork for future generations. Keywords: Romantism, transcendentalism, satirical, religious poems, novels. Introduction As we know in 19 and 20 century literature became popular in America and Uzbekistan. Romantism and trancendentalism are two literary and philosophical movements that emerged in the 19th century in America. Romanticism is a literary and artistic movement that emphasized individuality, emotion, and the awe of nature. While transcendentalism emphasized the importance of self-relience, individualism and spiritual connection with nature. Satirical novels usually use to show reality as a fun and this direction was common in colony countries. Religious poems and novel always popular in every religion and its function is to teach people in each detail. When romanticism, transcendetalism novels by Edgar Allen Poe, Nathanel Hamthorne and Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau appeared in America, Avaz Utar, Mavlono Mukimi and Munavvar Kori Abdurashidkhan wrote satirical and religious poems, novels respectively. Materials and Methods Love is crucial feeling for everybody in every country. In romance strange countries and wonderful adventures are depicted. It allows the writer more leeway in combining the fantastic and the commonplace. The typical hero on the white horse with the white hat; the bad villain with the long black moustache; the gorgeous young woman in need of rescue; and the hairbreadth rescue itself may all be part of the romance (Sultanovna, 2022). In America, one of the famous writer and poet is Edgar Allen Poe who was born on January 19, 1809 in Boston. Poe‘s parents were both actors but they died when he was young and he was raised by John Allan, a wealthy tobacco merchant from Richmond Poe‘s works are known for their macabre and mysterious themes and some of his most famous works include " The Tell-Tale Heart", " The Fall of the House of Usher". One of his poems is "The Raven" a sorrowful tale of lost love that tells the story of a man tormented by the loss of his beloved Lenora. The poem's eerie atmosphere and haunting imaginary create a sense of dread and despair, drawing the readers into the narrator‘s descent into madness Poe‘s masterful use of language and symbolism makes " The Raven" a timeless work that continues to captivate readers with its chilling and evocate storytelling (Lee, 2009). Another writer is Nathaniel Hamthorne was an American novelist and short story writer, born on July 4, 1804 in Salem. His writing style is characterized by its rich symbolism and allegorical elements, as well as its 192 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us exploration of the psychological depths of his characters. Some of his notable works include " Young Goodman Brown"," The Blithedale Romance" and so on. "Young Goodman Brown" is a classical short story of him that explores the themes of sin temptation and the loss of innocence. The story follows the title character as he embarrass on a journey into the woods and encounters various figures representing evil and corruption. The haunting and thought-provoking narrative delves into the darker aspects of human nature and leaves readers pondering the fragile nature of morality. Overall, this story is a captivating and thought-provoking read that continues to resonate with audience today. However, when it comes to Uzbekistan, poems and novels were different. Avaz Utar was an enlightener poet. He was born on August 15, 1884 in Khiva. The ideas of national revival and independence that emerged at the beginning of the 20th century had a strong influence on Avaz Utar‘s work. In these works of Avaz Utar, the ideas of tyranny, freedom, enlightenenment, satires directed against the vices of life began to appear. His poems like "Birovlar", "Fidoyi xalqim","Xalq" are very famous that are excellent examples of satirical works written in this spirit. In these poets described with pity and pain, impartiality and honesty that the people were ruins under oppression that the times were built incorrectly and that ignorance reigned (Barziev, 2018). As Uzbekistan is full of novelist Mavlono Mukimi is also one of them. About the life and work of Mukimi, one of the representitives of the literary environment of Kokand, a poet who skillfully wrote in Uzbek, Persian- Tajik language, a great word artist of his time, an impartial and honest attitude to social and political life, who left bright mark in history of the people of East, interpretation of information, in particular, scientific examination of the work "Sayohatnoma" which is extremely popular among our people and still read today, to study the poet‘s poetic skills, to show its place in the history of our literature. Literacy critic A.Abdugafarov interprets the factors of the rise of satirist to a new level in the Uzbek literature of Mukimi period as follows " As a result of the annexation of the territory of Uzbekistan to Russia, two sided oppression, injustice, the emergence of capitalist relations the activation of our people‘s struggle for their freedom against oppression and in justice, the growing discontent of the ruling classes and the rules of the system, on the other hand, led to the formation of the critical realism in Uzbek literature and the wide of development of satirical direction in this literature in particular, appeared". Transcendentalism was famous too in America. And the most well-known transcendentalist authors are Emerson and Thoreau. Both of them also had a big influence on each other‘s opinions. Ralph Waldo Emerson was an American essayist, lecturer and poet who led the Transcendentalist movement of the mid- 19century. Born on May 25, 1903, Boston. Emerson was the son of a Unitarian minister. His famous works include "Nature", "American Scholar" and also "Self- Reliance" is an essay which encourages individuals to trust in their own instincts and beliefs, rather than conforming to societal expectations or relying on external authority. The essay emphasizes the importance of self-reliance, individualism and non-conformity as essential elements for personal growth and fulfillment. In this type of star is Henry David Thoreau too. He was also American essayist, poet, philosopher and naturalist. He was born on July 12, 1817 in Concord. Thoreau was deeply influenced by transcendentalist Emerson and was an advocate for individualism, civil disobedience and the preservation of nature. His "Walden" and "Civil Disobedience" essays are well-known. "Walden" is a thought-provoking and introspective book that offers a deep reflection on the simplicity of life, the importance of self-reliance and the beauty of nature. Thoreau‘s writing is both poetic and philosophical and his observations on society and its impact on individuals are still relevant today. The book encourages readers to contemplate their own values and priorities, making it a timeless classic that continues to inspire readers to seek a more meaningful existence. The leader of the Central Asian resistance and combativeness movement, the founder of the Uzbek national press of the 20century and the national school of the new method, one of the organizers of the new national theater, writer, poet, trainer, editor, enlightener, and public figure is Munavvar Kori Abdurashidkhan. He was born in 1878 in Tashkent which is capital of Uzbekistan. He started to participate in combativeness movements very active at the end of 19 century. And his one notable religious work from 19 century in Uzbek literature is "Mavlid". It is a religious poem that celebrates and praises the birth and life of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) 193 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us and it exemplifies the tradition of devotional poetry in Uzbek culture and reflects the deep religious faith and reverence for prophet. While not a novel "Mavlid" is a significant religious work in literature. It can also demonstrate importance of Islamic spirituality and devotion in the cultural and literary expressions of the time (Azamatovich, 2023). Conclusion To sum up, in both countries, perfect and so valuable novels, poems were written by smart writers, poets. Both countries of literature reflect human’s life. While American literature during this period often explored themes of romanticism, transcendentalism, Uzbek literature delved into topics such as satirical poems and religious novels. If a person reads Uzbek literature, this person can feel how it was difficult to live at that period and being free in their own place. However, American literature was totally different with that. It can give motivation to person hoe to be the best human or how to love truly. References: 1. Sultanovna, U. S. (2020). Social and philosophical foundations of the Uzbek and English enlightenment movement in literature. Проблемы современной науки и образования, (3 (148)), 33-36. 2. Lee, M. S. (2009). Probably Poe. American Literature, 81(2), 225-252. 3. Barziyev, O. H. (2018). ANALYSES OF UZBEK POETRY AND TURKISH LITERATURE, IT’S FREEDOM AND NATIONALITY AT THE SECOND PART OF XIXTH CENTURY AND AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXTH CENTURY. Theoretical & Applied Science, (7), 48-51. 4. Azamatovich, P. K. (2023). EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF JADIDS IN TURKESTAN. Научный Фокус, 1(7), 1181-1186.