415 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 02, Issue 05, 2024 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 Methods and Tools for Developing Critical Thinking of Students in Literary Education Surayyo Inomjonova Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi Teacher Abstract: This article talks about methods and means of teaching students to think critically in the process of literary education. Ways to develop a system of questions aimed at developing students' research skills are shown. Keywords: Critical thinking, crossword, puzzle, photo, picture. Educational progress is measured by the student's acquisition of knowledge, but modern life requires the student to adapt to social and intellectual situations, to think, communicate and adapt at a higher level. If critical thinking imposes on the student to take responsibility for his own knowledge, it sets tasks for pedagogues to organize an educational process based on critical thinking, to widely use methods that stimulate the student's critical thinking, and to share experiences with colleagues. . Critical thinking is a type of thinking that helps you not to accept anything without proof and to be open to new ideas and methods. Critical thinking is a goal-oriented and multi-step process. Professor Safo Matchanov divides it into stages as follows: "1. Challenge stage. 2. Thinking stage. 3. Understanding (Reflection) stage" [Safo Matchon, 2023: 66]. We will try to analyze these stages one by one. In the challenge phase, existing knowledge and ideas about what is being studied are recalled. In this process, memory is activated, personal interests are formed. At the challenge stage, the teacher's task is to capture the situation, encourage students to search and be active. At the thinking stage, the student acquires new knowledge. You will have the opportunity to think about what is being studied. At this stage, their new knowledge is strengthened, they fully use their mental capabilities, and form their own basic ideas. In the process of critical thinking, students master different ways of combining information, understand different experiences and ideas, and learn to develop their own thoughts by promoting their ideas. They develop a logical sequence of conclusions and arguments, express their thoughts clearly and convincingly. The more correct the method or tools chosen for the lesson, the higher the effectiveness of education. The task of the teacher is to organize this process correctly. Q. Husanboyeva and Roza Niyozmetova "In order to achieve the independence of the student's thinking in the process of literary education, the teacher asks the students to check and prove the correctness of the concepts and conclusions given in the textbook, to use the most convenient methods and methods in this way , it is necessary to teach to think independently about every thing and event, to approach the situation creatively, to express one's opinion to others, even to the teacher, regardless of whether they like it or not" [ Kunduzkhan Husanboyeva, Roza Niyozmetova, 2022: 128]. Methods of improving critical thinking include the use of various tools and approaches that help to stimulate and improve this ability in a person. Examples of such tools include crosswords, 416 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us puzzles, logical problems. These exercises help develop visual perception, spatial and abstract thinking. Studying and analyzing the photos, pictures selected for the work in the textbook also encourages imagination. Let's get acquainted with the content of such imagination-oriented questions below: 1. What is shown in this picture? 2. Why was this photo chosen? 3. Who is the author of this photo and what is his purpose? 4. What is the main idea? 5. What ideas are there? 6. What evidence is given? 7. How are the conclusions expressed? 8. What recommendation can be given? rely on their own judgments when answering the questions , comparing their own with the answers of others. They analyze the variety of opinions, ask questions that help determine the correctness of their answers, and draw conclusions. the students or the videos and films they have watched develops their research abilities and develops skills such as analysis and synthesis. The following questions are asked for such exercises. 1. Factual questions. What happened? 2. Explanatory questions. What does this mean? 3. Evaluative questions. Is it good or bad? 4. Practical questions. How can it be used? 5. Analytical questions. How did this happen? 6. Questions aimed at synthesis. How can this be improved? 7. Questions aimed at developing creative thinking. How to proceed? critical thinking are important in developing logical and analytical thinking skills. Regular use of such exercises encourages them to be more attentive. "Do you believe" technology . This question encourages the improvement of critical thinking, allows you to ask questions about the reliability of the given information and texts. Such methods allow students to learn critical thinking by encouraging logical analysis and the ability to ask the right questions. Through them, it helps to increase the level of understanding and improve the quality of decisions made by students in various situations. "Side notebook" technology . In this method, the student asks himself the following questions. At the beginning of the session At the end of the session What do I know about this topic? What news did I omit from the text? During the lesson, students fill in these columns. They will have to fill in the columns by relating their views and personal experiences. In this process, the teacher can try to visualize the process with the students and the students can use it. The organic use of pedagogical technologies in the course of lessons is highly effective. Pedagogical technology, as described by VMMonakhov, is "a model of joint pedagogical activity in which all the details of the design, organization and conduct of the educational process are designed to provide unconditionally comfortable conditions for students and teachers" 417 Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us [Shoyimova S, Khoshimova M, Mirzayeva M, Koziboyeva M , 2020:8]. Purposeful and effective use of necessary information and knowledge in developing students' critical thinking serves to increase the quality of lessons. In conclusion, teaching the students the methods of education serves to increase their cognitive activity. In turn, educational methods ensure solid acquisition and memorization of educational material. Through educational methods, students have the opportunity to learn more information and master knowledge in less time. In doing so, they consciously master the subject being studied. The main task of the teacher is to develop students' ability to use educational methods. References: 1. Safo Matchon. Literary education and reading culture. Monograph. Tashkent: Bayoz, 2023.- 66p. 2. Kunduzkhan Husanboyeva, Roza Niyozmetova. Literature teaching methodology. Textbook. Tashkent: Innovation-Ziya, 2022.-128p. 3. Shoyimova Sh.S, Khoshimova MK, Mirzayeva MK, Koziboyeva MM Educational technologies. Tashkent: Print, 2020.-8p. 4. https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_thinking