588 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 02, Issue 02, 2024 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 Factors and Mechanisms Influencing The Process Of Child Socialization Zohidova Sanoat Rakhmonovna Uzbekistan-Finland Pedagogical Institute Associate Professor of the Department of Pedagogy, Ph.D Abstract. This article extensively covers the factors and mechanisms of child socialization, with the author addressing each category individually. Keywords: Socialization, mechanistic factors, mechanisms, biological factors, social factors, design mechanism, suppression mechanism, self-limiting mechanism, socium, microsocium. Introduction. Socialization is a crucial aspect of child development. The youngster gradually assimilates this social surroundings. Once a child is born, their growth will extend outside the family unit and encompass diverse surroundings such as preschools, schools, extracurricular institutions, and recreational establishments. As individuals age, their social milieu expands. As the youngster experiences different situations, he becomes more inclined to explore and claim a larger space. The child consistently seeks a conducive setting where he can feel at ease, be understood, and receive respectful treatment. Consequently, it moves from one habitat to another. The environment has a crucial role in the child's socialization process and the development of their social experience. The socium or microsocium refers to the setting in which an individual undergoes development from birth. Aside from exterior societal variables, there are also internal biological considerations. Studying them separately is not feasible. Contemporary scientific views differentiate biological and social variables as the primary determinants of Personality Development. Biological factors. Biological factor Heredity dictates the fundamental characteristics that define a person's humanity. Heredity is the process by which parents pass on different traits, resemblances, and features to their offspring. In accordance with the principles of heredity, the kid inherits from their parents the human organism, including the nervous system, brain, and sensory organs, as well as the physical characteristics such as figure form, hair, and skin color. These are exogenous elements that differentiate one individual from others. Inherited neural traits can also be transmitted through nerve activity. Heredity assumes that certain abilities in any field of activity are developed based on the innate traits of the kid. Based on psychological research, it is not inherent for a person to possess talent. The expression of a child's capabilities is contingent upon their life experiences and educational endeavors. Several hereditary disorders can be passed from parents to their offspring. Examples of conditions include hematological disorders, schizophrenia, epilepsy, and Down syndrome. The field of genetics is dedicated to the study of these disorders. Currently, the child's development is being adversely affected by external variables such as the surrounding environment and atmospheric disturbances. Consequently, there is a rise in the 589 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us prevalence of children being born with physical defects. It is exceedingly challenging for youngsters of this nature to integrate into society and function. Consequently, novel training techniques are being implemented in order to facilitate their mental growth and advancement. Special educators work with students who have physical limitations. These children experience significant difficulties when they interact with their peers. This poses a challenge for them to assimilate into society. Hence, the primary objective of social pedagogical intervention with these children is to establish avenues of contact between the kid and the external environment. Societal influences. The process of an individual transitioning from a biological being to a member of society takes place through socialization and absorption into the social fabric. This process is executed by following a sequence of value, social norm, and conduct, which are established based on the socially significant attributes of the individual. Socialization is a complex and diverse process that individuals experience throughout their lifetime. He is particularly and profoundly present during childhood and adolescence. Childhood is the crucial period during which children acquire and internalize the primary social norms. Socialization mechanisms. Human socialization is facilitated by several circumstances, in conjunction with agents, and based on multiple methods. The French scientist Gabriel Tard The research conducted by American Uri Bronfenbrenner, Russian scientist V.S. Mukhina, and A.V. Petrovsky explores diverse ways to socialization mechanisms. The extrapolation of the accessible data enables the identification of the following mechanisms individually. The process of suppression involves the deliberate rejection of specific ideas, thoughts, and desires from one's consciousness. This mechanism can be classified into two types: external and internal.The internal mechanism is further categorized into voluntary and involuntary components. Forgetting is an automatic process. The process of deliberate suppression is executed through the exertion of willpower. External suppression is a widely used approach of child rearing. Mechanism of separation. This mechanism occurs because, as a means of socialization, an individual relinquishes negative perceptions about themselves. The process of separation is commonly noticed in the context of dispute resolution. Autoregulatory system. This mechanism is crucial in the process of socialization. When an educator perceives that their accomplishments are comparatively less meaningful than those of their peers, their self-esteem diminishes, leading to a decline in their academic performance. To limit one's "I" is to experience a sense of helplessness when confronted with misfortune. There are situations where it is permissible to employ a self-limiting system. Adaptation can occur in this scenario. Prolonged self-control, on the other hand, results in a decrease in self-evaluation. Consequently, the educator, unaware of his own potential, gives up on the task he started after experiencing initial failure, and becomes aimless. The design mechanism's essence is structured by attributing its inadequacies to others. When a person directs negative feelings towards themselves or others, they nonetheless maintain their self- esteem. A person who is suspicious has a tendency to suspect everyone, while a person who is selfish tends to view everyone as selfish. Identification is an important process in socialization. During the identifying phase, the nurturing Dreamer assesses himself in relation to his peers. The subject of identification encompasses not just tangible individuals, but also individuals that exist solely in the realm of mind. Identification can be classified into complete, partial, conscious, and unconscious varieties. Identification mechanics and introjection mechanics are closely interconnected.By doing thus, the characteristics of others are absorbed into the unchanging. The process of empathy involves understanding and sharing the emotional condition of another individual. Assisting individuals in resolving their personal challenges and obstacles is crucial for fostering emotional well-being and social integration. In the process of intellectualization, an adult educator starts to think in abstract terms and seeks solutions to problems not only for themselves, but 590 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us also with the perspective of helping others. This mechanism occurs when the educator encounters significant issues such as illness, transfer to another school, or entrance to the Institute. The technique for canceling activities is employed to suppress ideas, hissyot, and behaviors. When the educator seeks forgiveness, he holds the belief that his deeds will be pardoned and subsequently acts with a clear conscience. Many individuals attain perfection through this method. Version.The Sage suggests that the psychological and social psychological mechanisms can encompass the following: Imprinting refers to the process of storing crucial objects in memory that have a significant impact on a person. This method is commonly employed during infancy. Nevertheless, imprinting can also be observed at later stages of development. The mechanism of excessive pressure involves the acquisition of language and the essential rules of social behavior for engaging in interactions, often without conscious awareness. Imitation refers to the process of replicating or mimicking something that serves as a model or example. This situation is a combination of both voluntary and involuntary methods through which an individual acquires social experience. Introspection process-internal dialogue. Within it, an individual assesses, examines, or rejects the underlying attributes of diverse societal institutions, such as family, peer community, and authority figures. Reflection refers to the internal dialogue that takes place within a person's mind, involving both real and fictional individuals, and encompassing the different aspects of one's identity. This mechanism facilitates the process of individual development. Furthermore, the social pedagogical procedures of socialization may encompass: The classical method posits that an individual assimilates the values, beliefs, and behaviors of their family, surroundings, neighbors, comrades, and societal norms, including the influence of stereotypes. This acquisition occurs through impressions, which are formed and processed in an unconscious state. Institutional mechanism refers to the observable patterns and systems that occur when individuals interact with institutions and diverse organizations within society. Throughout the course of an activity, an individual has the opportunity to gather a wide range of knowledge and experiences. Various characteristics such as nationality, location of birth, surname, and others can have effect on an individual's social position. These statuses are sometimes referred to as innate statuses. Others are influenced by a person's accomplishments in society. For instance, an individual can attain the position of a social educator by completing their study in a vocational training institution specializing in this field and obtaining a diploma in the same. The status mentioned above can be accurately described as the status that is encompassed within the slave. Status dictates an individual's conduct in specific social scenarios based on the conduct of others of the same status. The expectations of those surrounding an individual are significant. Thus, the position of a human is determined by their actions known as social role. Acquiring proficiency in various social roles is a crucial component of the process of developing one's personality and adapting to society. The role of a family member can first be ascribed positive functions. Within the family, the child assumes many roles such as being a male or female, a sibling, a niece or nephew, and has the opportunity to become familiar with their grandparents. Another crucial position that the child assumes during their growth is that of a team member. When interacting with classmates in a kindergarten, school, or sports circle, the child assumes several roles such as team member, fellow, student, and leader. Furthermore, every individual assumes the position of a consumer. Because he consistently need the things he needs throughout his entire lifespan. The items include: food, clothing, books, and so on. Society should have the capacity to judiciously utilize the resources provided to an individual from their early childhood. Another significant societal responsibility is linked to being a citizen of one's homeland, harboring affection for it, taking pride in it, and embodying patriotism. Simultaneously, the youngster can acquire proficiency in different jobs. For instance, the function of an expert. The youngster acquires mastery of it at schools, academic lyceums, and vocational institutions. We can provide 591 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us illustrations of negative roles, such as beggars and muttaham roles. Beggars can also be encountered in several locations throughout Katga City, such as shopping establishments, the Market, and Community Transport areas. They became accustomed to these duties. They adeptly extract money from deceased individuals. They encompass individuals that engage in theft. Adults sometimes actively promote this behavior. Ultimately, the child's proficient understanding and use of behavioral mechanisms guarantees their effective adjustment to social interactions. "Social adaptation" refers to an individual's ability to adjust to the social circumstances they find themselves in. Social adaptation is regarded as both a requirement and outcome of the child's effective socialization, and it primarily occurs through three main channels: engagement in activities, communication, and developing awareness. Within the realm of activity, children experience a broadening of the range of activities they engage in. This includes acquiring the essential forms and tools for these activities, expanding the scope of their interactions, deepening their understanding of the content involved, and assimilating the societal standards of behavior. In the realm of perception, the process of constructing one's own self-image, as well as the awareness of one's social identity and position, takes place. Upbringing governs all of these processes. References: 1. P. Yusupova. Maktabgacha tarbiya pedagogikasi. T..: Ukituvchi 1993Y 2. J. Xasanboev, Pedagogika.T., “Fan”, 2006 3. S.A.Kozlova. Doshkolnaya pedagogika. Moskva. “Prosveщenie”2000 4. Sotsionapnaya pedagogika. / Kurs leksiy - M.: Vlados., 2000 5. L.M.Mardaxaev. Sotsionalnaya pedagogika Moskva, "Prosveщenie”,2006