154 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 02, Issue 09, 2024 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 Semantic Features of Lexemes Expressing the Meaning of "Action" In the Uzbek Language Karimova Mahliyo Atobaevna 3rd year student of Urganch Innovation University, Urganch city, Republic of Uzbekistan Abstract. In the article, the issues of semantic expression of Uzbek verbs in the lexical, morphological, syntactic level and the use of units meaning style in speech as a methodological tool are discussed. Key words: style category, morphological level, syntactic level, symmetry, asymmetry, auxiliary verb, semantic dominance, action verbs, segment motor, supersegment motor, syntactic inversion, connotative meaning. At the lexical level, the means of expressing the meaning of style can be divided into two large groups, and the means of both groups are clearly distinguished by their semantic diversity and polyfunctionality. It is known that the meaning, expression and function of the lexeme sememes are dialectically connected and inversely proportional. More specifically, each seme has these three different semes. However, the strengthening, definition, and exaggeration of some semes leads to the weakening and weakening of other semes. For example, when independent lexeme semes increase in meaning, expression and task semes weaken. On the contrary, expressive semes are strengthened while exclamatory and imitative lexeme semes are weakened. In the case of auxiliary lexemes, when expression and reference schemes are weakened, task schemes are strengthened [1,62]. Action verbs and adverbs express their own lexical meaning, like any other type of independent word group, but also have a contextual meaning specific to a particular text. In the first case, the semantic function of the word should be evaluated from an objective point of view, and in the second case, their meaning should be evaluated from a subjective point of view. After all, apart from the speech process, linguistic units are united in certain groups in memory based on some common sign. It is not difficult to see that this relation has a completely different character from the syntagmatic relation. The next relationship has no continuity, it is localized in the brain and belongs to the treasure stored in the memory of each person. Such a relationship is an associative relationship [2,98]. However, considering lexemes with stylistic meaning as objects of a fundamental prohibition, we think that grouping their stylistic themes not from a subjective point of view, but on the basis of an objective prism would be the right solution. We clarify the semantic functions of action verbs and adverbs among the means of expressing the meaning of style in the Uzbek language by classifying them into style meanings. However, in this case, we divide these lexemes into tools that have a clear stylistic meaning, i.e., tools that have a direct stylistic meaning in the dictionary sense, and tools whose stylistic meaning is determined in the context. 155 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us MEANING OF PROCEDURE Verbs that clearly express the meaning of style Verbs that express the meaning of manner The beginning of the movement boshlamoq, kirishmoq kirmoq, sho’ng’imoq, kurtaklamoq, asoslamoq, оchmoq, yetaklamoq, yuritmoq, bel bog’laamoq, ildamlamoq Duration of action davomlamoq urmoq, yugurmoq, aylanmoq, laqillamoq, pishirmoq, raqsga tushmoq, tarqatmoq, kurashmoq, yasamoq, tirmashmoq, sekinlashmoq, oqmoq, ildamlamoq, gaplashmoq, ishlamoq, qurmoq, imillamoq, sudralmoq Completion of action yakunlamoq, tugatmoq, nihoyalamoq, tugallamoq hal qilmoq, yetishmoq, qoʼnmoq, yetib kelmoq, topmoq, yutmoq, cheklamoq, chegaralamoq, oʼtmoq, yetkazmoq, tugatmoq, soʼnmoq, tamomlamoq, oʼtkazmoq Repeatability (continuity) of movement takrorlamoq, qaytarmoq, qaytalamoq, boʼlmoq oʼzgartirmoq, chalgʼitmoq, chayqalmoq, jiringlamoq, shovullamoq, tebranmoq, tebratmoq, silkimoq, shamollatmoq, toʼlqinlanmoq, qaytmoq Secondness of movement shoshmoq, shoshilmoq qarsillamoq, paqillamoq, qulamoq, agʼanamoq, gumburlamoq, pirpiramoq, otmoq, uloqtirmoq, urmoq, taraqlamoq, pitirlamoq, toʼkmoq, toʼkilmoq Self-directed action olmoq, erishmoq, qoʼlga kiritmoq yulmoq, qabul qilmoq, jalb qilmoq, savdolashmoq, boshqarmoq, yulqimoq, tortmoq, tortqilamoq, tanlamoq, saylamoq, moslamoq, moslashmoq, oʼrganmoq, qozonmoq, egallamoq, yetaklamoq, foydalanmoq, yuqtirmoq Inaccuracy of movement toʼxtatmoq rad etmoq, ketmoq, tashlamoq, uloqtirmoq, yiroqlashmoq, soʼndirmoq, boʼlmoq, tark etmoq, kechmoq, itarmoq, siltamoq It is known that there is a level conflict between at least three language units, and these units are opposed to each other according to the level of a specific characteristic, that is, more or less [1,17]. In the above table, we can see that several action verbs are classified within one meaning group. This directly raises the issue of ranking the synonymic relations between the tools in a graduonymic series. At this point, the difference between lexemes with a clear and unclear style is also noticeable. That is, because the meaning of the first category is clearly expressed, the words of the first group can be mutually synonymous, and the synonymous relationship between their dictionary meanings allows to put these tools in a graduonymic series. For example: 1. Rahmatli turmush oʼrtogʼim adabiyot uchun hayotini bagʼishlagan edi, — deya adibning rafiqasi gazetalarda bosiladigan intervyulardagi yod boʼlib ketgan jumlalarni takrorlay boshladi (N.Ibrohimova, Writer). 2. Oʼtmish xayollari yakuniga yetganda xotira kechasi ham tugab qolgandi (N.Ibrohimova, Writer). 3. Kozimjon yuqoridan tushayotgan mashinaga qaradi, u to tushib 156 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us kelguncha toʼrt aylandi-da, toʼdalashib turgan mashinalar oldida toʼxtadi (S.Аhmad, Yoʼlda). However, since the stylistic meaning of the second group of lexemes directly depends on the context of the text, their synonymous relations cannot be determined outside the language, their stylistic meaning is manifested as a linguistic meaning, not a lexical meaning. For this reason, it can be said that it is impossible to determine their synonymous relationship, to put them in a graduonymic series. For example: 1. Ikki yil shu yo‘l qurilishida ishlaganman. Ishning zo‘rini ana shunda ko‘rganman. Ko‘p ustalar bor edi. Ekskavator, buldozer deganlar qumursqadek to‘lib ketgan. O‘shanda odamlar tosh bilan, oftob bilan olishib ishlashgan (S.Ahmad, Yo‘lda). 2. Avval tumshuqchasi bilan turtkilab, so‘ngra tortqilab ko‘rdi – bo‘lmadi (N.Norqobilov, Do‘ngkalla). 3. Sadqai oshnachilik ketsin-e, – degancha Oyimxol g‘udranib yiroqlashdi (H.Karimiy, Janoza). 4. Jamila shu idoraga ishga kelganidan keyin bir-ikki oy o‘tib, bu yigit ham ishxonada paydo bo‘lgan: “bo‘yoqlar bo‘yicha ekspert”, degan lavozimnimi-ey egalladi (U.Azim, Bir dasta qizil gul). The meaning of style can also be expressed by means of lexemes, which are related to the phraseological group, and perform the function of case in the sentence. This group is also distinguished by the abundance of means of expression, their ability to express different stylistic themes, that is, their polysemanticity according to the meaning of style. According to its dictionary meaning, it is divided into case, time, place, degree-quantity, limitation, simile and couplets. At the same time, they serve to express the following meanings: MEANING OF PROCEDURE idioms that clearly express the meaning of style idioms that vaguely express the meaning of style The beginning of the movement boshida, avvalambor, dastaavval ibtidoda, saharda, ertalabdan, boshdan beri, avval Duration of action davomida, doimo, doimiy, sekin-asta, bosqichma-bosqich toʼxtovsiz, tinimsiz, tinmay, uzluksiz, bamaylihotir, hotirjam Completion of action nihoyat, oxiri, soʼng toʼliq, toʼlaqonli, birvarakayiga, butkul, butunlay, arang, bazoʼr Repeatability (continuity) of movement qayta, yana, takroran, qaytadan, boshidan, tagʼin, bot-bot oʼqdin-oʼqdin, ora-sira, tez-tez, kamdan- kam, kun ora, qat-qat, qishin-yozin, kun- tun, nuqul, hadeb Secondness of movement qoʼqqisdan, darhol, qisqacha, shoshilgancha kutilmaganda, shartta, jadal, tezda, zumda, onda, loʼnda, baʼzan, asosan, koʼpincha, apil-tapil Self-directed action xudbinlarcha, kaltabinlarcha, oʼzicha, oʼz-oʼzicha doʼstona, doʼstlarcha, yaxshilab, boplab, qoyillatib, obdon Inaccuracy of movement chala-chulpa, chalaligicha ozmuncha, yarmicha In this table as well, lexemes are divided into specific and ambiguous types according to the character of expressing the meaning of style. Even in this case, the means of the first group can enter into mutually synonymous relations, their graduonymic sequence can be clearly progressed. The words of the second group do not enter into synonymous relations, and group means expressing opposite meanings are not contradictory, that is, there is no graduonymic sequence between them. 157 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us When action verbs and adverbs enter into mutual syntagmatic relations, the stylistic meaning of the combination is generalized, and in a certain sense, the independent lexical meaning of one of these lexemes is subordinated to the other. It is understood that the style scheme, which is clearly expressed in the mutual meaning of lexemes with a clear meaning of the style of action, allows for a graduonymic classification of these means. Since the stylistic meaning of the second category of lexemes is manifested only in the context of speech, it can be said that these tools lie in the intersection of several stylistic meanings. However, we can observe privative semantics or privative contradictions among the means whose stylistic meaning is uncertain, since these relations can exist between two means. REFERENCES 1. Неъматов Ҳ., Расулов Р. Ўзбек тили систем лексикологияси асослари. – Тошкент: Ўқитувчи, 1995. – Б. 62. 2. Нурмонов А. Парадигма ва унинг оламнинг лисоний манзарасига муносабати. Танланган асарлар. III жилд. – Тошкент: Академнашр, 2012. – Б. 98. 3. Шукуров О. Ҳаракат тарзи шакллари парадигмаси. – Қарши: Насаф, 2017. – 152 б.