195 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 2, Issue 9, 2024 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 Types and Chronological Classification of Dignitonym and Phaleronym Khusanova Maksuda Nishonovna Researcher of Renaissance Educational University Abstract: The article provides an understanding of the types of dignitonyms and phaleronyms and their chronological classification, as well as the topic is widely covered and analyzed. Keywords: title, order, medal, promotion, rank and title, meanings of titles, military insignia. INTRODUCTION Although man is the only object in the world that can name himself, but his possibilities are limited, often determined by the society in which he lives. Human action takes an active part in accepting titles and naming titles. A person cannot choose a title for himself, but a person has such an opportunity, he must fully fulfill the tasks to receive the name of this title. Naming is not a simple phenomenon, it is a process that must meet unique complex linguistic and non-linguistic laws, needs and requirements. So, just as words are formed due to the natural need to name things and events, the creation of dignitonyms and faleronyms, and the awarding of society members with them, indicate that a specific social need has increased and multiplied. The name of the title (dignitonym) and orders, medals, badges, awards (faleronym) established for the purpose of encouraging people for their activities in society and their work from the spiritual, educational and spiritual aspects. Uzbek scholars Kh. Dadaboyev, N. Akhmatov, Z. Kholmanova, A. Mominova, A. Orozboyev also partially touched on the names of positions and titles used in monuments in the old Uzbek language. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION TYPES AND CHRONOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF DIGNITONYM AND PHALERONYM INTRODUCTION Although man is the only object in the world that can name himself, but his possibilities are limited, often determined by the society in which he lives. Human action takes an active part in accepting titles and naming titles. A person cannot choose a title for himself, but a person has such an opportunity, he must fully fulfill the tasks to receive the name of this title. Naming is not a simple phenomenon, it is a process that must meet unique complex linguistic and non-linguistic laws, needs and requirements. So, just as words are formed due to the natural need to name things and events, the creation of dignitonyms and faleronyms, and the awarding of society members with them, indicate that a specific social need has increased and multiplied. http://www/ 196 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us The name of the title (dignitonym) and orders, medals, badges, awards (faleronym) established for the purpose of encouraging people for their activities in society and their work from the spiritual, educational and spiritual aspects. Uzbek scholars Kh. Dadaboyev, N. Akhmatov, Z. Kholmanova, A. Mominova, A. Orozboyev also partially touched on the names of positions and titles used in monuments in the old Uzbek language. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The creation of dignitonyms and faleronyms is not a product of today, but of ancient history, and their occurrence depends on several unique factors. Historical, political, social, economic, spiritual and educational factors play an important role in the emergence of dignitonyms and faleronyms. There are 5 types of dignitonyms and phaleronyms: title, order, medal, badge, award. Names of positions and titles related to the state management system in Khiva Khanate M.Y. Yoldoshev's work is studied and their functions are explained [11]. Also, another work dedicated to researching the names of positions and titles existing in the Khiva Khanate was carried out by N.A. Baskakov, in which the scientist studied the names of titles by dividing them into six groups [6]. H. Dadaboyev classifies the words of position and title in the language of Turkish written monuments of the 11th - 14th centuries as follows: 1. Names of titles of the state apparatus: a) titles of titles in the palace service; b) titles of administrative management employees; c) Names and titles of persons responsible for regional and city management. 2. Names of religious titles [9]. Z. Kholmanova conducted research on the lexeme denoting the position-career representing the socio-political concept and divided them into six subgroups [15]. A. Mominova conducted a research on the lexical-semantic structure of the names of positions and titles in Uzbek and classified the names of titles into three groups according to their meaning, i.e. high titles, honorary titles, and special titles [12]. Having studied the above researches, we found it necessary to research the meanings of the titles into the following five groups: Phaleronym has been partially studied and researched by Russian nomologists. Russian onomologist N.V. Podolskaya did not classify faleronyms, but defined this term in her dictionary as follows: Faleronim (Lat. "Insignia given to the bravest legionnaires" + onim ) is the title of any order, medal, insignia [13]. He meant only the badges given to the bravest and bravest to encourage their deeds. I.V. Kryukova gives the following classification: name of medal, awards, orders, prizes (faleronym). V.G. Burkov, in his work "History of Russian Phaleronyms and Faleristics" approaches from the point of view of linguistics and notes that the term Phaleronym military rank academic title the highest rank religious title honorary title http://www/ 197 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us is found in ancient literature in different meanings, including the meaning of a military symbol. In the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, a number of researchers, primarily from Germany (O.John, R.Steiner, F.Mitz, H.Hoffmann, F.Fremersdorf) gave an understanding of ancient Russian signs. The word "Falera" appears in the work of F. Lübker "True Dictionary of Classical Antiquity", which was first translated from German to Russian in 1888 in St. Petersburg. Later, in 1973, Russian onomologist A.V. Superanskaya was the first to use the word "faleronym" in the field of linguistics. It derives from the pre-existing root word "faler" with the name "faleronym" which summarizes the name of any award or badge named [14]. Although A. V. Superanskaya called various awards by their names, according to the Uzbek nomenclature E. Begmatov, "Faleronim is a famous horse of any order, medal, badge" [7]. In our opinion, it would be expedient to call the famous names faleronyms, which mean that people are awarded titles and positions dignitonyms, medals, orders and awards, breast badges, depending on the work they have done in society, the tasks they have performed, the inventions they have created, and their material and spiritual encouragement. Phaleronyms are ancient title names that were created in different periods of the people's life and represent valuable information about the history, culture and language of the people's socio-political, cultural life, and they can be conditionally divided into the following four groups Classification is the basis of knowledge and learning, and linguistic classification is the division of language units and phenomena into types and groups according to lexical-semantic, etymological, grammatical, stylistic and other linguistic characteristics. Dignitonyms and phaleronyms can be classified as follows: 1. Historical chronological classification 2. Classification according to professional characteristics 3. Classification of establishment Uzbek dignitonyms also show that the processes of aging, renewal and polishing occur in the stages of language development. The chronological classification of dignitonyms and faleronyms is the division of titles, medals, orders into certain groups according to the time and period of their appearance. According to the chronological classification of dignitonyms and faleronyms, they can be divided into the following groups. 1. Dignitonyms and faleronyms created from the first period to the 20th century; 2. Dignitonyms and faleronyms from the revolution to independence; 3. Dignitonyms and faleronyms from the independence to the present day. In ancient times, dignitonyms were of great importance in state administration. Title and position had the same value. reward badge medal Order ф ал ер о н и м http://www/ 198 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us The word Hakhan means Khan. In most of the existing literature, it is noted that the word khan belongs to the Turkic layer. However, Turkologists, including N.A. Baskakov, show that the origin of this word is related to the Chinese language [4]. The scientist also notes that the word "khan" was used in ancient Turks, Mongols and ancient Bulgarians in the sense of "head of state", and this word is a phonetic form of the Chinese word kuan-khan. In the old Uzbek language, the word khakhan means "supreme ruler", and we can see that it is more important to praise and respect him than the word khan. Later, all Central Asian rulers adopted the term Hakhan as a title. "Amir al-Muslimin". Umar Khan received the title of "Amir al-Muslimin", from Arabic "Amir of Muslims" due to the fact that he started the construction of a mosque in the city of Koqan during his reign (1810-1822)[10]. Titles such as Mingboshi, khan, king, sultan, and minister are titles that have been widely used since ancient times until the 20th century. Dignitonyms and phaleronyms from the revolution to independence. By this time, many borrowed words have entered the vocabulary of the Uzbek language. Titles, orders, medals become obsolete, and new ones take their place. It is known that in the old Uzbek language, academic titles such as alam, domla, mudarris, and akhun were actively used in the religious system and the educational system. As a result of the change of times, borrowed words from other languages entered the system of science and education. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Those who fought for the defense of the motherland or achieved achievements in hard work and science were also awarded the title of Hero. Order of "Red Banner of Labor", "Friendship of Peoples", "Heroic Mother", "Red Star", "Hero of Socialist Labor", "Red Banner" were established. Dignitonyms and faleronyms from independence to the present day. By this time, many titles, orders, medals, badges and awards were established in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The title "Hero of Uzbekistan" is approved by the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 1038- XII dated May 5, 1994[4], and is a high-level award given to the citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan for their services related to heroic courage before the state and the people. The word "hero" in the compound "Hero of Uzbekistan" was used as a title in the 11th century. According to some sources, Amir Timur gave his son Shahrukh the title "hero al mo va t-tin", that is, "ruler of water and land". The word hero consists of two parts. Kahr - "anger", "forcing", -mon - "personal noun". Hero as a title means "victorious", "powerful"[16]. Also, Hero is used as a name for people. Dignitonyms and phaleronyms are closely related. As we mentioned above, the person who was awarded the title of "Hero of Uzbekistan" was awarded the "Golden Star" medal. Article 4 of Chapter 2 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On State Awards" provides information on 34 honorary titles[5]. Honorary titles are established by the state. Article 8 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On State Awards" deals with the orders of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which include the following: "Independence" Order; "Amir Temur" Order; "Jalaluddin Manguberdi" order; Order "For Merit"; Order of "Respect of the Country"; Order "For Selfless Services"; "Labour Fame" Order; "Honored Coach" Order; Order "For a Healthy Generation" of I and II degrees; Order of "Honor" of I and II degree; Order of "Friendship"; "Salamtlik" Order of I and II degrees; Order of "Courage", "Imam Bukhari" and others. The following medals were established: "Golden Star" "Courage" medal; Medal "For Loyal Services"; Medal "Builder of the Future"; "Fame" medal; "Healthy Life" medal http://www/ 199 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us The word award was adopted from Arabic to Uzbek and means "appreciation", "payment": "A form of incentive (valuable item, money, medal, order, etc.) for special achievements in a field of activity." High award. State award. Prize money. Give a reward. Get a reward. To present as a reward" [OTIL, III, 259.]. Awards are also one of the tools that motivate people to new achievements. They are divided into the following types: 1) simple reward - a type of incentive given before the holiday and for good work in workplaces; 2) awards given by the administrations - commendations, letters of thanks, honors and awards based on material funds; 3) certificates of honor, letters of thanks given to encourage pupils, students, graduate students and their teachers in the educational system; 4) state awards are one of the means of motivating people by the state. This award is among the highest awards, unlike any other award. Dignitonyms and faleronyms in the dictionary of the Uzbek language have a long history. Dignitonyms and faleronyms are divided into historical and modern types from the point of view of time. It is an award given to encourage the work done by alloma, poet, and state managers who created during the transition to historical dignitonyms and faleronyms. The words in the dictionary changed over time and were replaced by other modern dignitonyms and phaleronyms. Some dignitonyms and phaleronyms that were actively used in the past have become archaic words today. CONCLUSION In short, dignitonyms and faleronyms were established by the people, individual, community, state and international organizations in order to ensure that people who have performed well in their field achieve more success. are different from each other. REFERENCES 1. Khusanova Maqsuda (2023) The formation of phaleronyms in the Uzbek language and their types. National Information Agency of Uzbekistan - Department of Science of Uzbekistan (electronic journal) Tashkent, 2023 #7. 2. Khusanova Maqsuda (2024) Formation and types of dignitonyms in the Uzbek language. UzMU news. MIRZO ULUGBEK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF UZBEKISTAN - Tashkent.2024.№5/2 3. Khusanova Maqsuda (2024) Lexical-semantic classification of dignitonyms and faleronyms. Language and literature.uz. Scientific and methodical electronic magazine. Tashkent. 2025. No. 6 4. 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