42 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 02, Issue 12, 2024 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 The Richness of Phraseology in Poetry and Prose Umarova Oyzoda Solijonovna A teacher of Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov Farhodova Shahzoda Umid qizi A teacher of Samarkand State, Institute of Foreign Languages Abstract. This article explores the crucial role of phraseological units in the formation of vocabulary and linguacultural competence, particularly in foreign language learning. It emphasizes that phraseology, as part of vocabulary, encapsulates a nation's cultural outlook and provides insight into how people perceive their world. The study focuses on figurative phraseological units in works of art, demonstrating how these expressions, especially in literature, reflect cultural identity and the human experience. The article also highlights the importance of phraseology in literature, both in poetry and prose, where it contributes to the richness of language, evokes emotions, and provides cultural and thematic depth. Key words: Phraseological units, linguacultural competence, language learning, figurative expressions, works of art, cultural outlook, national culture, idioms, metaphorical phrases, poetry and prose. The role of phraseological units as specific structures in forming vocabulary and linguacultural competence of students is very significant because they encapsulate a national, country's cultural outlook. Usage-based theories of language learning suggest that phraseology must be studied as a part of vocabulary. The subject of the study is figurative phraseological units in works of Art. Learning any foreign language is not possible without penetration into the national culture of the language being studied. And it is precisely phraseological units that represent that layer of language that has absorbed the unique cultural characteristics of peoples, perception them of the surrounding world. The human factor plays a large role in the formation of phrases, since phraseological units in most cases they describe human activity. The work of the American writer J.H. Chase “Come easy – Go easy” is a striking example of the use of a wide range of expressive means. The author of the novel is more often only resorts to phraseological units and comparative phrases with a zoonym component, for example: one-horse town (заштатный городишко, захолустье), like a felled ox (букв. словно убитый бык, как подкошенный), duck-tail walk (вилять бедрами при ходьбе, букв. утиная походка), pig of a man (не человек, а свинья), ape’s eyes (маленькие обезьяньи глазки), the quickness of lizard (с быстротой ящерицы), that cat won’t jump (из этой затеи ничего не выйдет, букв. кошка не прыгнет) [5,237]. Phrasology is a crucial instrument in poetry, where each word is carefully selected for its effect, meaning, and sound. Poets frequently use idioms, metaphorical phrases, and conventional terminology to create images that arouse powerful feelings. For example, expressions such as "a sea of troubles" or "a heart of stone" have deep, metaphorical connotations that emotionally connect with readers. These fixed expressions have cultural significance, and using them frequently fosters an instant rapport with the listener. Phrasology is an essential component of poetic language since it emphasizes rhythm, sound, and visual imagery rather than merely the content. For instance, the line 43 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us "a tale told by an idiot" (5.5) from Shakespeare's Macbeth conveys the protagonist's nihilistic despair by using a well-known word. The statement itself adds to the play's overall sense of futility and conveys a sense of meaninglessness. Phrasology is frequently used in literature to establish the story's cultural setting and give it a feeling of place and time. Idiomatic phrases and sayings are commonly employed by writers to give their characters a sense of realism and cultural complexity. Mark Twain's use of regional dialects and colloquial expressions in books like The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn not only helps readers understand the socioeconomic circumstances and cultural conventions of the American South in the 19th century, but it also helps the characters come to life. In prose, irony and subtext can be employed in prose through the strategic use of phraseology. Set phrases are frequently used by authors such as Charles Dickens to gently criticize society and the human condition. For instance, the line "it was the best of times, it was the worst of times" in A Tale of Two Cities captures the era's paradoxical character and establishes a rhythm that highlights the inconsistencies of both revolutionary France and England. Because of the phrase's well-known structure, which both instantly identifies it and elevates its meaning, this duality is all the more apparent [3]. According to Roman Jakobson, a linguist and literary theorist, "the poetic function of language foregrounds the message for its own sake". The founder of the theory of phraseology is a Swiss linguist Charles Bally French origin. Bally first systematized combination of the words in his book "Essay style" and "French style". Bally has included a chapter on the phraseology in the books in style. In the first book he distinguished four groups of phrases: 1) Free phrases , ie combinations deprived of stability, decaying after their formation; 2) usual combinations, ie relatively free phrases to link components with some changes, for example, serious illness (risk of serious diseases); 3) phraseological series , ie a group of words. In which two concepts of similar series almost merge into one. The stability of these revolutions is fixed primary usage. 4) phraseological unity, ie combinations in which the words have lost their meaning and express a united indecomposable concept. Such combinations do not allow regrouping of components. Thus, the scores of words in combination distinguishes the degree of stability: the combination in which there is freedom of categories of components, and combinations thereof, devoid of such freedom. Bally is only schematically outlined these groups, but did not give them any detail description [1,27]. The works of the great poet and playwright William Shakespeare made a great contribution to the development of English phraseology. From “Hamlet” alone, many quotations have entered everyday English speech, which “have long ceased to be quotations and turned into current expressions” [6,94]. The famous phrase from the play “Hamlet” has firmly entered the Russian language: “To be or not to be.” Thanks to the works of Shakespeare, about 135 idioms have entered the English language. For example, from the play “Othello” the famous expression “to wear one’s heart on one’s sleeve” appeared, meaning the inability and unwillingness to hide one’s feelings. It literally translates to “wearing your heart on your sleeve” and supposedly dates back to knightly times. Very often this phrase is replaced by the phraseological analogue of “soul wide open.” Also from the play “Othello” came such well-known phraseological units as: the green-eyed monster - “monster with green eyes” (book), jealousy; the seamy side - the unsightly side, the wrong side of something; curled darlings - wealthy grooms, rich slackers, later the expression began to be often translated into a phraseological analogue of “golden youth” [4,34-35]. In both poetry and prose, phraseology contributes immeasurably to the richness of language, enhancing emotional depth, cultural resonance, and thematic exploration. Whether through the creation of vivid imagery in poetry or the grounding of characters and settings in prose, fixed expressions and idioms are indispensable tools in the hands of skilled writers. The study of 44 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us phraseology opens a window into the soul of literature, allowing us to appreciate how words, when combined in familiar ways, can evoke profound meaning and universal truths. References: 1. Alieva Zimikhol Ashurkulovna. Phraseology - as a linguistic discipline. World Bulletin of Social Sciences (WBSS) Available Online at: https://www.scholarexpress.net Vol. 22, May 2023 ISSN: 2749-361X, 27-33. 2. Chernysheva, I. I. (1970). Phraseology of the modern German language. Moscow: High School. 3. Dickens, C. (1859). A Tale of Two Cities. Chapman & Hall. 4. Кокора, Ю. В. Происхождение фразеологических единиц английского языка как объект лингвокультурологии / Ю. В. Кокора. — Текст : непосредственный // Филология и лингвистика. — 2020. — № 2 (14). — С. 34-35. 5. Зубайраева Марина Увайсовна (2020). Образные фразеологизмы в произведениях английских и американских писателей. Балтийский гуманитарный журнал, 9 (1 (30)), 236- 238 6. Линн Виссон, Русские проблемы в английской речи. Издатель: ООО «Р.Валент». Город печати: Москва. Год печати: 2005, 94 с. Internet resources: 7. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/obraznye-frazeologizmy-v-proizvedeniyah-angliyskih-i- amerikanskih-pisateley 8. file:///C:/Users/Admin/Downloads/obraznye-frazeologizmy-v-proizvedeniyah-angliyskih-i- amerikanskih-pisateley.pdf 9. file:///C:/Users/Admin/Downloads/obraznye-frazeologizmy-v-proizvedeniyah-angliyskih-i- amerikanskih-pisateley.pdf