257 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 01, Issue 06, 2023 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 Comparative Compound Sentence Dadabayeva Sh.SH (FerSU teacher) Annotation. The article gives information on the type of sentence, comparative compound sentence without conjunctions in comparison in languages. It is different in both languages. This sentence is connected by tone using comma and is given as separate type of composite sentence in Uzbek. Whereas it is connected by semicolon and is referred as compound sentence in English. Key words: Comparative meaning, composite sentence, compound sentence, conjunctions. Introduction A combination of simple sentences connected by tone and content without any means is named composite sentence without a conjunctions. There are two types of this sentence : 1. A composite sentence without a conjunction consisting of simple sentences of the same type; 2. A composite sentence without a conjunction consisting of different types of sentences.[6] In the first type, the predicates of simple sentence and intonations are same. In the second one, the predicates and intonation take different forms. For example, Бўладиган ишнинг бўлгани яхши, Уйдагиларнинг тингани яхши.(Proverb) In this example, the predicatess of simple sentences have the same form, which gave a rhythmic tone, that is to say the same intonation. Қизим, тишингни тишингга қўй, ўзингни маҳкам тут.(“Чолиқуши”) In this example, the predicates and tone are different. A composite sentence without a conjunction consisting of one type of sentence is semantically divided into two types:[1] 1. Composite sentence without a conjunction consisting of simple sentences that enumerating events; 2. Composite sentence without a conjunction consisting of simple sentences that compare events. The second type, the composite sentence without conjunction, which consists of simple sentences comparing the event, also is divided in two types: 1. Composite sentence without conjunction which consisting simple sentences comparing action - state, feature - sign. 2. Composite sentence without conjunction which consisting simple sentences indicating the results of action - state, feature - sign.[1] So, as can be seen, the comparative relation is also expressed through this type of sentence. Prof. Mamajonov A points out that the main means of expressiveness in a sentence expressed through comparative composite sentences without conjunction is intonation, the elements of this sentence have a special rhythmic melodic character.[5] In the first type, meanings such as contradiction, inconsistency are understood, or the content of simple sentences is compared, the content of the second simple sentence of a compound sentence is 258 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us compared to the first, the idea understood from the first simple sentence is summed up in the second one. For example, Нодоннинг иши енгил, Яхшининг иши оғир.(Proverb) – in this example the word ”нодон” contradict the word “яхши”. Улар ўзга бир даврда яшашди, сен бошқа замон одамисан.(“Фарзандга ўгитлар”) – in this example there is a meaning of inconsistency. Кечқурунлари аёллар қуруқ полда ухлашаркан, эркаклар учун похол кўрпалар тўшалган;(“Да Винчи сири”) – in this example the content of the simple sentences is compared. Меҳмон отангдан улуғ, дейишади.(“Фарзандга ўгитлар”) - This example has explanatory content. Жаҳлига ҳоким – ҳаммага ҳоким.(“Фарзандга ўгитлар”) – In this example, the idea in the first part is summarized in the second part. Type II shows the result, and it is expedient not to give information about it, as it is mainly expressed in cause and effect sentences. Compound sentence without conjunctions are connected by lexical units, properties of parts of speech, sentence structure, place, and tone. In particular, the simple sentences of comparative composite sentence without conjunctions are combined with antonyms and come in the form of proverbs and sayings. For example, Раҳбарнинг яхшиси ундирар, Ёмони сўлдирар.(Proverb) Ёғочнинг ёмони – сўқи, Одамнинг ёмони – сўфи.(Proverb) This sentence is also joined by repetition of some parts of speech. For example, the predicate of simple sentences are same, in this apart from predicate, other parts of speech are compared.[1] Ёлғиз ақл ўзи яхши, Икки бўлса, яна яхши.(Proverb) Бақироқ туянинг бори яхши, Бақириб тургани яна яхши.(Proverb) The parts of a simple sentence of this composite sentence in the relation are mutual united, in which case a part of the sentence may be incomplete. For example, if the predicates of simple sentences are the same form, the predicate of the second part may not be represented. But it is understandable in content. In some cases, even the two predicates do not exist, and they are understood from the content of the sentence. These cases occur in the Uzbek language, mainly in proverbs. For example, Кийимнинг янгиси яхши, Дўстнинг эскиси.(“Proverb”) Ақлли ўзини айблар, Ақлсиз – дўстини.(Proverb ) Бойнинг қизи – сепи билан, Йўқнинг қизи – кўрки билан.(“Proverb”) The predicates of this composite sentence may be in the form of a noun predicate and verb predicate. Яқиндаги тишлашар, узоқдаги кишнашар.(“Proverb”) - in the form of a verb predicate. Нодоннинг иши енгил, Яхшининг иши оғир.(Proverb) – in the form of a noun predicate. In addition, the predicates of simple sentence come in past, present, and future tense forms, or in different tense forms. (such as “Past tence + present tence”, “past tense + future tense”, “present 259 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us tence + future tence”.)[1] But the predicates of comparative composite sentence are in the same form of tense. For example, Ярамас одат кўп бўлар, Энг ёмони кунчилик.(“Proverb”) – In the form of present tense. Улар ўзга бир даврда яшашди, сен бошқа замон одамисан.(“Фарзандга ўгитлар”) – In different form of tences. (past tense+present tense) Ғамингни дўстингга айтма, куйинади, Душманингга айтма суйунади.(“Proverb”) – In the form of future tense. Simple sentences of comparative composite sentence without conjunctions are in the affirmative or negative form, for example, if the first simple sentence is in the negative form, the second will be in the affirmative form (the interpretation will be strong), the first is in the negative form, and the second will be in the negative form. Or both parts come in negation form.[1] In addition to this point, we can say that both parts also come in the form of affirmation in the context of comparison. For example, Яхши эпи билан сўзлар, Ёмон – сепи билан.(“Proverb”) Ёлғончида ор бўлмас, Тўғри сўзли ҳор бўлмас.(“Proverb”) There are three types of this sentence according to similarity to other types of composite sentence: composite sentence without conjuctions reminding compound sentence, composite sentence without conjuctions reminding complex sentence and composite sentence without conjuctions not reminding compound sentence.[2] In the first type of this classification, the parts of composite sentence without conjunctions is equally connected like the compound sentence, they do not depend on each other, and come in 4 different semantic meanings: 1. It represents that an event takes place at a time; 2. It represents that an event takes place at different times; 3. It represents the contradicting events; 4. Comes in the meaning of a comparison of events.[2] It is in the fourth semantic meaning that the events in the parts are compared to each other, and the content is similar to the conjunctions formed by using ammo, lekin, biroq,-u, -yu, -da, bo’lsa/ esa. Ҳотиннинг ёмони – ернинг заволи, Ҳотиннинг яхшиси – ернинг камоли.(“Proverb”) Compare Ҳотиннинг ёмони – ернинг заволи, Ҳотиннинг яхшиси эса ернинг камоли. As mentioned above, in contrast to Uzbek, Composite sentence without conjunctions in English are commonly referred to as Compound sentences. This type of sentence is connected on the basis of coordinating conjunction, correlative conjunction, conjunctive adverb and tone. A compound sentence connected by an exact tone in comparative meaning in English is contently equal to comparative composite sentence without a conjunction in Uzbek. Parts of the sentence are connected by a punctuation mark called semicolon. For example, Eleven get to play; the others watch.(“Eat that frog”) “Viral marketing” shows up 2000.000 times in Google, “ideavirus” shows up 2000.000 times.(“Whatcha gonna do with that”) In English, if these parts of the sentence are very closely related to each other, it is advisable to use a semicolon if the relationship is easy for the reader to understand from the context.[3] 260 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us I responed that Ideas are easy;doing stuff is hard.(“Whatcha gonna do with that duck”) The use of two cases in this type of it leads to error. 1. In this type of sentence, it is a mistake to use a comma, it is important that the comma is not enough when connecting independent parts. My parents were devastated; I was not.(“Miracle morning”) + My parents were devastated, I was not. –(Ҳато) 2. In English, a sentence that results from the use of incorrect punctuation, or the use of incorrect conjunctions when connecting two independent parts, is called a "Run-on sentence." In this case, it is recommended to use the following methods:[3] 1) using conjuntions; We had a deal: I agreed not to open hotels, as he agreed not to write books.(“Whatcha gonna do with thar duck”) 2) using punctuation, such as a semicolon or a period.[4] We had a deal: I agreed not to open hotels; he agreed not to write books.(“Whatcha gonna do with thar duck”) There is a partial sub-comparative in English in which the two objects being compared according to the different levels. This situation is also reflected in the type of compound sentence combined with the help of tone. For example, Eleven get to play; The others watch. (“Eat that frog”) … Ideas are easy; doing stuff is hard. (“Whatcha gonna with that duck”) In concluding, there are composite sentence without conjunctions which is in comparative meaning in the Uzbek and English languages. In the Uzbek language the parts of it mainly connected by comma and according to the content it may be synonym to the other types of composite sentence in comparison. On the other hand, in English this type of sentence enter the group of compound sentence, of which parts are connected to each other by semicolon. Literature 1. Abdurakhimov G. “Qo’shma gap sintaksisi asoslari”. – Tashkent,1958.-P.244-280 2. Berdialiev A, Sheronov B. “O’zbek tili sintaksisi”.-Khujand, 2010.-P.180-190 3. Harring P. Complete English grammar rules. UK.-2016 4. Macmillin English Dictionary.Bloomsboory publishing,2007.-IW40 5. Mamajonov A. “Qo’shma gap stilistikasi”.-Tashkent:”Fan”,1990.-P.110 6. Rasulov I. Selected works.Tom II.-Tashkent:”Mumtoz so’z”, 2015.P.79-80