6 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 3, Issue 1, 2025 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 Basic Structural Features of Dynamic and Static Structures Daminova Mashhura Zafar qizi Researcher at Navoi State University Abstract: This article examines the types of adjunct constructions, in particular dynamic and static adjunct constructions. The article also thoroughly studies the semantic-syntactic type of content of dynamic and static adjunct elements, their definitions given by linguists. The ideas about “Adjunct constructions” presented below are of scientific and theoretical importance and are of great importance for the development of other linguistic disciplines. Keywords: Communicative part, adjunct constructions, Static adjunct constructions, Germanic languages, stylistic features, syntactic constructions, syntactic connection, predicative structure, structural means, intonation, verb combinations Introduction. Despite the fact that in world linguistics there is a constant research on the phenomenon of adverbs, processes manifested in the field of syntactic relations, their study and analysis, the issues of the distribution and expression of the semantic-syntactic meaning of adverb- component constructions in the text structure have not been fully studied in many languages. Therefore, there is a need to study the expression of the semantic-syntactic meaning of complex syntactic wholes in literary texts. From this point of view, research in linguistics is of great importance in solving these problems. Literature review. V.A. Beloshapkova, M.T. Gaybova, T.F. Glebskaya, A.A. Kobrina, B.M. Milk, Ya.K. Moiseychuk expressed their opinions on the problem of the application event, its manifestations in the semantic-syntactic connection of constructions with application components. According to grammatical data in linguistics, the application event is a syntactic-semantic type of syntactic connection in content. As for structures divided into communicative parts, application constructions include all the mentioned parts, with the exception of parts included in parcellation, it is necessary to distinguish between application constructions and parcellative constructions. The existence of an additional (additional) meaning or an additional relation should be clearly stated in the following case: first of all, the formal-structural expression of the additional relation should be reflected: secondly, based on such indicators and structure, one can talk about its specific construction - additional constructions. Taking this into account, we have the concepts of dynamic additional constructions and static additional constructions. This naming of additional constructions follows from their formal expression. Forms divided into communicative parts are called dynamic additional constructions, and forms not divided into communicative parts are called static additional constructions. According to the definitions of "dynamic" and "static", according to V.A. Beloshapkova, they represent the differentiation of the dynamic and static aspects of a sentence1. At the same time, it is worth noting that the concept of "dynamic and static adverbial constructions" cannot be equated with 1 Мильк В.М. Интонация присоединения в современном английском языке в сравнении с русским: aвтореф. дисс. канд. филол.наук. – М., 1960, –21 с. 7 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us "speech-language", since the dynamic aspect of a sentence cannot be determined in its relationship with "speech", and the static aspect with "language". However, intonation signs (features) characterize a sentence as a "communicative-dynamic" unit, and structural features characterize it as a "static-predicative" unit. In static adjunctive constructions, the adjunctive relationship is expressed “more strictly”, using structural means, while in dynamic adjunctive constructions it is expressed less “strictly”, using intonation. In both cases, the adjunctive sign interacts both structurally and communicatively. In the traditional “Grammar of the Russian Language” published in 1982, adjunctive relations are not distinguished as a separate type among connected compound sentences, but they are included in various structural-semantic groups of connected compound sentences based on the hierarchical principle of classification: the adjunctive relationship is determined not only by the presence of special indicators (conjunction and its analogue), but also by their absence, in which the predicative parts of the connected compound sentence are connected by connecting conjunctions (in which case, of course, the meaning of the adjunctive is expressed weaker). Research Methodology. There are also a small number of other structures outside the application construction, in which application relations are also observed to a certain extent. However, application relations in them are much weaker and are not considered leading semantic relations. They also have the property of giving “additional meaning”, similar to application elements. In this regard, it is quite difficult to distinguish such structures from application elements, since both have the sign of “giving additional information”. He sighed, and, having poured himself out some tea, opened Lord Henry’s note.2 At this point, it should be noted that the properties of static application constructions are also observed in the structural components of a multi-part construction, which do not show the properties of a separate semantic communicative unit, for this reason, other predicative parts in this syntactic complex cannot be compared with simple sentences. In such application constructions, components tend to be located in contact words. The placement of contact words in the main clause and in the auxiliary elements is an important condition for the structural-semantic integrity of the static auxiliary construction. When you cross into your sixties, your odds of dying—or of merely getting horribly sick on the way to dying—spike. 3 Multi-part structures are usually understood as compound sentences, in which there are various combinations, and parts that can be called auxiliary parts are distinguished. In such auxiliary elements, the main expression is grammatically and semantically closely connected with the predicative part, which to a certain extent explains, clarifies and complements it. Analysis and results. It should be noted that various additional meaning elements have explanatory properties, since they clarify, explain, and supplement the ideas expressed in the previous part of the construction (main clause). That is why linguists study the adjunct relationship between the main expression and the added (applied) elements. It should be noted that the following circumstances testify in favor of the “adjunct phenomenon”: first of all, the presence of a special adjunct indicator in the added part, which expresses the adjunct relationship, and secondly, its syntactic connection with the components in the structure of the main expression. Both of them are important structural features of the syntactic construction. Thus, the main structural features of static adjunct constructions are: 1). The presence of special adjunct indicators in the structure of static adjunct constructions; 2). The two-membered nature of the structure; 3). The quality of the predicative structure in the adjunct component; 4). The contact location of the applied component and the main part. 4These structural features are always inextricably linked to each other and serve to syntactically form and to some extent communicate with each other the applied components. 2 O. Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray. http://www.planetpdf.com/. P.153] 3N.Ephron. I Feel Bad About My neck. New York. 2006. P 29 4 Кобзев П.В. Присоединение и обособление. Ученые записи Хабаровского гос.пед.ин–та, 1969. -С. 19 8 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us If we talk about dynamic applied constructions, their parts differ from those of static applied constructions. The parts of static applied constructions consist of predicative syntactic units of the same level. In dynamic applied constructions, the main clause and the added one, which are of different levels, participate, and in this type of applied connection, applied connections are formed not only through equal connections, as in static applied constructions, but also through subordinate connections. It should be noted that in dynamic applied constructions, the applied component is structurally manifested in the form of secondary parts of the sentence or subordinate clauses. The applied component of such an adverbial construction can be formalized as a separate sentence in written speech, in many cases they do not even have head parts, that is, predicativity is not expressed formally and structurally. In this case, the quality of a separate message in the applied component in the adverbial construction is provided based on the previous context. Thus, the dynamic adverbial construction exists as a syntactic whole in the opposition of constructive and communicative signs: all its parts are manifested in the form of separate sentences according to their intonation. The main expression is that the components that come as additional information not only repeat the specific features of the functions they perform in the adverbial construction, but they are also enriched, supplemented and explained with other features. This indicates that the adverbial elements not only repeat the features inherent in each other with the functions they perform in the adverbial construction, but also enrich and expand each other with new features. This situation can also be observed in the parallel connection of applied elements, that is, in the analysis of these applied elements adapted to parallel connection. Conclusion and Recommendations. In conclusion, it can be said that the following special features of the applied elements in the application construction are emphasized: firstly, the main component of the application device, that is, the application device is formed by its repetition and, in turn, is supplemented and expanded by subordinate components; here the repeated use of a certain part of the sentence is a stylistic phenomenon. Since the author of the work repeats a certain fragment in order to once again draw the reader's attention to the described event, this repeated fragment is always logically emphasized, as a result of which the emotional power of the repeated fragment increases and the content is polished. Therefore, the stylistic functions of the applied elements, which manifest the repetition of some words in the application construction, are to a certain extent significant; secondly, here we observe the phenomenon of inversion within the auxiliary element, since the repeating components are not only repeated, but also undergo a certain change, which means that a certain synonymous state is observed in this process; thirdly, we can observe a state that is inextricably linked with the structural formation of the auxiliary construction, that is, a method of saving language means in linguistics.5 As a result, we come to the conclusion that auxiliary elements not only appear here in order to fill in the missing part of the main expression, to restore it, but they themselves can also demonstrate the property of restoration through the components that come into this main clause. Such interdependence within the scope of the auxiliary event once again proves another very important feature inherent in the auxiliary construction component, namely the existence of a syntactic-semantic connection between the main clause and the auxiliary components. Connecting connectors that precede auxiliary components cannot perform such functions. Such syntactic relations between such components can be expressed without connectors. However, we consider it important to emphasize the features inherent in the adjunct elements of the adjunct construction, since the adjunct elements formed by connecting connectors play a very important role in the organization of separate structural groups of this type of adjunct constructions. Therefore, such a structural group should be considered separately. 5 Чахоян Л.П. Общая теория высказывания // Спорные вопросы английской грамматики / Ред. В.В. Бурлакова. – Л., 1988. -C.39 9 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us ADABIYOTLAR 1. Кобзев П.В. Присоединение и обособление. Ученые записи Хабаровского гос.пед.ин–та, 1969. -С. 19 2. O. Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray. http://www.planetpdf.com/. P.153] 3. N.Ephron. I Feel Bad About My neck. New York. 2006. P 29 4. Чахоян Л.П. Общая теория высказывания // Спорные вопросы английской грамматики / Ред. В.В. Бурлакова. – Л., 1988. -C.39 5. Мильк В.М. Интонация присоединения в современном английском языке в сравнении с русским: aвтореф. дисс. канд. филол.наук. – М., 1960, –21 с. 6. Мойсейчук Я.К. Синтаксические структуры актуализации в современных германских языках: на материале английской и немецкой диалогической речи: автореф. дисс... канд. филол. наук. – Санкт–Петербург 2004. – 22 с. 7. Поспелов Н.С. Сложное синтаксическое целое и основные особенности его структуры // Доклады и сообщения Институтта русского языка. – М., 1948. Вып. 2. – С. 68-73. 8. Соколова Л.И. Присоединительные конструкции в современном немецком языке как явление коммуникативного синтаксиса: автореферат канд. дис. – Л., 1977. 9. Туякаева Д.Ш. Структурные особенности присоединительных конструкций современного английского языка. Ж: “Иностранная филология”. – Алма-ата, 1975. – С. 51-56. 10. Щерба Л.В. О частях речи в русском языке И Щерба Л.В. Избранные работы по русскому языку. – М., 1975. 11. Эйхбаум Г. Н. Обособленные члены предложения в немецком языке. – Л., 1974. –130 с.