61 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 01, Issue 7, 2023 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 PROBLEMS OF THE CONCEPT OF LEXEMES IN UZBEK LINGUISTICS Ibatova Amira Shavkatovna (PhD) senior teacher of the Samarkand branch of the Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi amira_ibatova@mail.ru tel.: (91)7001901 Annotation: This article discusses the issues of the concept of lexemes, the relevance of the science of linguistics, the ethnography of world knowledge and the common language, the conceptual environment of the Uzbek people and Uzbek language, as well as the promotion of vocabulary units as multifunctional concepts. Keywords: linguistics, lexeme, language, bread, ethnos, development, multifunctionality, concept, culture, dialect, system, people, comparison, vocabulary. I. Introduction With the assignment of the status of the state language to the Uzbek language in our country, the study of layers of lexical units related to such areas as natural, technical, medical, agricultural, among such disciplines as national history, traditions, ethnography of our people, has become one of the main issues of our linguistics. The successful implementation of these tasks will also serve to ensure the implementation of the objectives set for the development of education and science in the strategy of actions for the further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, further improvement of the system of continuing education and solving topical issues in these areas. Systemic knowledge about the world in certain units-concepts, the totality of which forms a regulated conceptual sphere of a particular people. The concepts associated with "bread" can be presented as a multifunctional concept, since it acts as a component of the culture of everyday life. On the other hand, this concept is distinguished by national identity, plays an important role both theoretically and historically as an important part of the transition to the national culture itself in Central Asia, in particular in Uzbekistan. The names of the bread dictionary of the general literary and dialect layer of Uzbek and other Turkic languages are presented for the first time as a semantic space forming the concept of "bread". Representatives of this concept characterize a certain part of reality. Comparative analysis of linguistic methods of explaining the concept of "bread" in idiomatic expressions, in the literary and dialect vocabulary of the languages studied has not yet come to the attention of researchers, therefore the analyzed material already has scientific significance. A conceptual analysis at the level carried out on the basis of modern and historical explanatory dictionaries allowed us to determine the range in the selected word and the sequence of their appearance. Language is one of the most basic means of creative culture. It is a means of achieving culture, understanding it, communicating in its fields, predicting its development. Although culture 62 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us influences the development of language, language is not the main tool and weapon of internal development. By its universality and nature, language is not a phenomenon comparable with culture among themselves. The creative force that creates and develops language and culture are people and society. II. Experimental methods Linguistics of the XX-XXI centuries is distinguished by a holistic view of the linguistic essence as a dynamic system, the center of which is a person. The anthropocentric trend of modern linguistics is manifested with a special interest in the revival of national culture, the study of individual episodes of the linguistic picture of the world, the most important means of expressing the peculiarities of influence on the national perception of the world itself. The results of scientific research that exist today show that language and speech patterns are a means of archiving information collected by the community over the entire period of its existence. Linguistic sign asymmetry and integral problems of terminology were studied by V.G.Gak and N.A.Baskakov on ethnography of Turkic languages. Theoretical, definitional and other important issues of terms and terminology have found expression in the works of famous linguists V.V.Vinogradov, G.O.Vinokur, A.A.Reformatsky and other scientists who created the scientific and theoretical foundations of terms and terminology in Russian linguistics. Nowadays, the lexeme "bread" has stable interpretations, which in different dictionaries can be interpreted differently as an independent meaning or its shades. The orientation of dictionaries to the description of the conceptual meaning straightens metonymic dashes, which are transmitted directly as a synchronous value. There are several significant forms of the concept of "bread" in dictionaries: figurative - food, treats; subject - "food product prepared from it", "grain attracted to it for baking bread"; and symbolic - "content, dependence". In general, this shows the relevance of the identified conceptual forms of conception at the present stage. However, there are also differences based on the characteristics of the cross itself of modern thought. III. Development of oral speech skills At the level of the text, the meaning of the concept of "bread" differs from two sides: the epithet- definition (attributive properties) and the predicate after the name predicative properties. Attributive signs allowed revealing figurative concepts (symbols): free bread, daily bread, someone else's bread, light bread, salary. All typical signs and figurative concepts actualize the meaning of "livelihood, income". There are many main features that indicate the logical conceptual meaning of the concept associated with the concept. Compared to them, there are less powerful signs (associated with the image) that demonstrate modern emotional understanding. Thanks to the research of scientists, the terminology of dozens of areas of the Uzbek language, such as professional crafts, technology, military affairs, folk games, antiquity, botany, mathematics, physical education and sports, medicine, chemistry, musicology, anatomy, jewelry, woodworking, road planning have been thoroughly studied. An important place in the system of literary language is occupied by vocabulary, which is aimed at a professional goal. S.E.Freikov writes: "When it comes to a special language, they are understood not by any autonomous language system with a separate lexico-grammatical structure, but by a special branch layer of the common language. And the specificity of a special language is manifested in the fact that it consists of linguistic units that are precisely called by referents related to a particular field, profession." The fact that each national language, based on the definitions presented in relation to special vocabulary, also occupies an important place in professional activity is due to the fact that its stock is normalized, performs a specific task and has its own significance in each area. IV. Activity monitoring 63 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us In Uzbek linguistics, the term "lexeme" is used in relation to words that have a lexical meaning and have a complex meaning in order to distinguish words that do not have a lexical meaning, and to distinguish the names of language and speech phenomena. Consequently, the basic unit of the lexico-semantic system of the language is a word or lexeme with a lexical meaning. J. Lakoff, one of the founders of cognitive linguistics, who put forward the idea that the meaning of a word expresses the scenario of knowledge formation and the structure of being, stated that the content side of language expressions systematically reflects the totality of structured knowledge based on a complex cognitive model. In the national essence of linguistic units, there are common linguistic and non-linguistic features, therefore, history and time, socio-economic life and worldview, natural and geographical features and circumstances are aspects that the cognitive concept covers. This situation implies that in linguistic phenomena the differentiation of purely national and national- cultural characteristics is in harmony with the separation of national and universal aspects. The study of lexico–semantic phenomena that are directly related to the problem of the integrity of language and culture, as well as their degree in accordance with the nature of their inviolability, forms the basis for analysis with a targeted and consciously intended result. In the linguistic and cultural interpretation of lexical phenomena, it is necessary to pay attention to those phenomena whose national characteristics are exaggerated and reflect the integrity of national–mental aspects. The conceptual approach underlies the interpretation of the linguoculturological feature. There is a problem of choosing a linguistic phenomenon for linguistic interpretation; the breadth of the object of study, as well as the common language and culture underlying any language, creates difficulty in interpreting the question. The separation of these two aspects of lexical semantics serves for a complete and accurate study of the essence of lexico-semantic categories and phenomena from different points of view. In the end, unambiguity, polysemy, homonymy are considered as onomasiological categories, such as semasiological category, synonymy, antonymy, conversion, field of content. Semasiology and onomasiology cannot be strictly distinguished. These are two aspects and methods that study lexical semantics, passing one through the other and complementing it. Separately, we will focus on the relationship of the terms "sememe" and "lexical meaning", which denote the content aspect of the lexeme. In linguistics, there are two different views on sememe and lexical meaning. In some works, the terms sememe and lexical meaning are used as synonyms and represent the meaningful outline of the lexeme. V. Conclusion and Recommendation Deep characters prevail in the minds of native speakers, and vivid and typical characters become rare. Perhaps such a distribution of signs in the minds of native speakers indicates the level of understanding of the concept of "bread". This concept is understood primarily conceptually, at the level of real characteristics. The deep signs are connected with the real aspects of the concept that relate to it from the outside. Consequently, the respondents' minds are dominated by figurative concepts given in an analytical way. Several powerful traits associated with modern emotional and metaphorical conceptualization indicate the absence of such thinking. The assumption of the primacy of conceptual understanding has also been proven by a small number of typical features. REFERENCES 1. Abdiev M.B. System analysis of field lexicon. – T.: A.People’s heritage named after Kadiri. 2004. -110 p. 2. Abdullaev T.A. Crafts of Uzbekistan of the XIX–XX centuries – Vol., 1976. – 40 p. 64 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us 3.Abdullaev F. On some issues of the lexicon of the Uzbek language//A.C.Works of the Pushkin Institute of language and literature. Book one. Materials from the grammar of the Uzbek language. – T., 1949. – P. 87-102. 3. Apresyan Yu.D. Lexical semantics. Synonymous means of language. – M.: nauka, 1974. – 367 p. 4. Humboldt V. Selected works on linguistics. M., “Progress”, 1984, 502 p. 5. Dal V.I. Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language. At 4 part, St. Petersburg, 1863, 1866. 6. Kolesov V.V. Ancient Rus: heritage in the word. Book 3. Genesis and Genesis. St. Petersburg, Faculty of Philology of St. Petersburg State University, 2004, 400 p. 7. Likhachev D.C. the Great Way. The formation of Russian literature of the XI – XVII centuries, Moscow, Sovremennik, 1987, 301 p. (Library of “Lovers of Russian Literature”). 8. Tursunov U. Issues of Uzbek terminology. – T.: Uzdavnashr, 1933. – 39 p. 9. Shoabdurahmanov Sh., Askarova M., Hajiev A., Rasulov I., Daniyorov H. Current Uzbek literary language. – T., 1980. – 448 p. 10. Shoabdurahmanov Sh. Uzbek literary language and folk dialects. The interaction between the dialects of the base city and the modern Uzbek literary language. – T.: Science, 1962. -371 p