418 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 3, Issue 3, 2025 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 Artistic Psychologism in Isajon Sultan's Work "Alisher Navoi" Shomurotova Charos Ravshan kizi Independent researcher, Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi, charosshomurotova9@gmail.com Abstract. When we read any literary work, we see that the writer approaches the characters in various ways to demonstrate its artistry. Plastic elements play a special role and achieve perfection in verbally portraying the characters' feelings and thoughts before the reader's eyes, enhancing the work's vividness. In this respect, these elements contribute to the unique manifestation of artistic psychologism in the work. Key words: plastic elements, psychologism, literary work, characters of the work, Alisher Navoi. Plastic elements play a special role and acquire perfection in the verbal representation of his feelings, thoughts in the eyes of the reader, in increasing its colorfulness. Plastic elements serve to ensure the perfection of a literary work. Each author selects and employs plastic elements differently. As a reflection of the author's approach and perspective, plastic elements ensure the vitality of the work, embodying reality. In essence, plastic elements are the writer's brushes. Just as a painting becomes more vivid and unique when the artist uses a variety of brushes and colors, a literary work becomes more artistically perfect when it employs a diverse range of plastic elements. Isajon Sultan pays special attention to this aspect and helps to reflect artistic psychologism in a unique way in his work. We know that there are three principles of psychologism in literature: the analytical principle, the dynamic principle, and the synthetic principle. Each of these manifests in different situations, and authors employ them to reveal the inner feelings of characters in various circumstances. In the analytical principle of psychologism, the portrayal and expression of the character's feelings take precedence, with the character depicted in a whirlpool of thoughts and diverse emotional experiences. In the dynamic principle, the character's inner world is revealed through their actions. That is, the character's behavior and appearance emerge as crucial factors determining their inner world. In the synthetic principle, the analytical and dynamic principles are manifested in harmony. Although the dynamic and analytical principles of psychologism may seem to contradict each other, it is inappropriate to set them in opposition. These principles are observed in some novels in a harmonious, combined form. In such works, the characters Isajon Sultan also brings the portrayal of emotions to the forefront and achieves a unique reflection of reality through this principle of psychologism. The writer uses the analytical principle to accomplish the following tasks: ✓ to comprehensively depict the world of characters; ✓ to express attitudes towards social and political realities; ✓ to ensure artistic expressiveness; 419 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us ✓ to achieve consistency in the plot. As can be seen, when applying the analytical principle, the author sets a specific artistic goal for himself. He also manages to guide the reader's thoughts towards his intended purpose: Indeed, like a bird, man flies from life towards death. As days and nights, months pass by, throughout his life he gathers grains in meadows and pastures, and with singing laments at dawn and dusk, he offers prayers to the Creator, building temporary nests and raising fledglings. In such a simple life, the diverse creation of birds, the uniqueness of their colors and hues, and the distinctiveness of each of their songs serve as a representation of humans.The outer world may appear one way, but within, there is also the bird of life, chirping in the human body. Its flight destinations are entirely different, in heights beyond imagination... These thoughts belong to the author and reflect his musings about humanity, life, and the universe. The image of a person's journey from life to death involuntarily materializes before the reader's eyes, and the fluctuations in the writer's psyche and thoughts begin to resonate in the reader's heart. The reader, who has heard many times about life's transience, seems to perceive the chirping soul bird within the body, and simultaneously, grasps the value of life. The most effective aspect of this analogous principle is that the spirit and mood in the work (whether it belongs to the author or the characters) transfer to the reader's own spirit. Furthermore, this excerpt from the work serves to ensure artistic impact. This aspect guarantees the individuality of the work's artistry, as well as its content and essence. AmIt should also be emphasized that the appropriate use of the analogous principle is the most important rule. If the principles of psychologism (regardless of which principle) are used inappropriately, it causes enormous damage to the quality of the literary work. This situation creates an impression of striving for excessive form. Artificially inflated thoughts and reflections bore the reader and naturally reduce the effectiveness of the characters' artistic speech. In particular, the application of the analytical principle is extremely challenging and requires great skill from the writer. Failure to apply the analytical principle appropriately or indulging in excess can lead to tedious narration or unnecessary and dry advice-giving. In this regard, the issue of psychologism in Isajon Sultan's novel "Alisher Navoi" is actually quite profound and even requires study as a separate research topic. In our opinion, throughout the work, wise thoughts that could be expressed concisely are sometimes artificially elongated, which tends to tire the reader. However, the sequence of events and the consistency of the plot line overshadow this shortcoming and manage to retain the reader's attention. Such instances are mainly observed in the analysis of poetic verses. Due to the historical nature of the work, it features numerous characters (especially episodic ones). The writer strives to approach each of these characters individually. He attempts to reveal their inner world through a single word or a brief description. In this regard, artistic psychologism greatly contributes to the realization of the author's creative intent. It can be said that the analytical principle is particularly well-suited for this purpose. However, it should be emphasized that the novel cannot be said to be entirely built on the analytical principle of psychologism from beginning to end. The author chooses the principles of psychologism based on his creative intention and purpose, as well as the unfolding of events. "It should be noted that it is absolutely impossible to confine the work of a particular writer or his specific novel to a concrete form of psychologism. Literary experience shows that every writer extensively uses various forms of psychologism in their work (or in a particular novel). However, it is natural for one of these forms to take a leading role." [Umurov, 2002:53] The author approaches reality and characters from an individual perspective. For this reason, he sometimes relies on different psychological principles. This approach has several unique positive aspects in the literary work. Firstly, the author expands the possibilities of imagery; secondly, it helps ensure the uniqueness of style; ensures the consistency and intrigue of the plot line; creates the opportunity for an individual approach to each event and character. In the novel "Alisher Navoi," artistic psychologism emerges based on these aspects and manifests itself as one of the important structural elements of the work. To reveal the psyche of the main characters in the work, the author often chooses the analytical principle of psychologism. This is 420 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us because this principle has the ability to show the inner world of the character in detail and consistently. For example, the main character of the work, Alisher Navoi, is portrayed as a person of great intellect and a broad worldview. For this reason, the author relies on the analytical principle in creating the artistic image of this character. However, there are also characters in the novel whose psyche simultaneously exhibits several principles of psychologism. The author usually employs this method in developing secondary characters. For instance, in the work, this situation is observed in the portrayal of Alisher Navoi's maternal uncles, Kabuli and Garibi. It's as if two people actually reside within these two characters. At times, they are lovers of poetry and devotees of literature, while at other times, they possess entirely different hearts, living amidst battles and struggles. Therefore, attempting to reveal the psyche of these characters solely through the analytical principle proves inadequate, and the author also resorts to the dynamic principle. Based on the circumstances and situations in the work, he depicts these characters in a whirlpool of mixed emotions. Consequently, he employs the synthetic principle of psychologism. Such approaches are also used in revealing the image and inner world of other characters in the work, enabling the author to achieve vividness in the literary piece and concretely embody reality before the reader's eyes. References: 1. Hotam Umurov. 2002 Adabiyot nazariyasi. Toshkent.Sharq. 51 2. Hotam Umurov. 2002 Adabiyot nazariyasi. Toshkent.Sharq.49 3. Umurov H. Adabiyotshunoslik nazariyasi. B.53 4 Hotam Umurov .2001.Badiiy ijod asoslari Toshkent. O’zbekiston.68 5 Qozoqboy Yo’ldoshev. 2016.Badiiy tahlil asoslari. Toshkent.132 6 www.ziyonet.uz