182 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 03, Issue 05, 2025 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 Conceptual Foundations of Women's Issues in Uzbekistan Nilufar D. Djuraeva Uzbek State University of World Languages Head of the Department of History of Uzbekistan, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor Abstract. The conceptual framework of women's issues in Uzbekistan is based on the principles of gender equality, women's rights and social justice. State policy on this issue is aimed at increasing the economic, social and political activity of women, creating equal opportunities in education and the labor market. Women's rights are protected on the basis of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan and international obligations, in particular, the UN documents on Gender Equality. In recent years, significant steps have been taken to eliminate gender stereotypes, combat domestic violence and support women's entrepreneurial activities. However, socio-cultural traditions and economic restrictions remain obstacles to achieving equality in some areas. The coherence of state programs and the activities of civil society organizations on this issue is important. In the future, an integrated approach is required to further strengthen women's rights and increase their role in society. Key words: functional-stylistic conditionality, fine art, culture , design,polysemic lexemes. Introduction In Uzbekistan, the women's issue is one of the most important areas of development of modern society, and is a set of social problems that reflect such issues as the status of women in the family and society, the protection of their legitimate interests, ensuring employment, and the protection of motherhood and childhood. Therefore, in Uzbekistan, the women's issue occupies an important place in the social, economic and political development of the country. Looking at the history and roots of the women's issue is necessary for a correct understanding and solution of the women's issue. The women's issue is closely related to human society, social relations, nations and states, cultures and civilizations. The emergence and development of this issue is also associated with the transition of socio-historical processes from one stage to another. The issue of the relationship between women and girls has been addressed at different times from the perspective of the social system, the interests of different classes, and the desire to solve the problems of society in the socio-economic and spiritual spheres, but has not yet found its complete solution. In addressing the issue of women and girls, from the perspective of modern problems, it is necessary to pay attention to the following areas: - the socio-legal status of women; - their participation in socio-economic processes; - their position in political systems; 183 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us - their role in cultural development and religious life; - their activity in international movements; - issues of reproductive health and its preservation; - their role in the formation and strengthening of family relationships. As is known, in the context of globalization, the process of self-identification of women is changing, and their social status, culture, and level of education are constantly increasing. This process, which has attracted the attention of many researchers, is reflected in the fact that dealing with women's issues is not a coincidence. In particular, the recognition of women's issues as a global social phenomenon and the consistent efforts to eliminate women's problems, their broad participation in social life have increased the status of women in society and created a wide range of activities for them. As a result, they have the opportunity to fully demonstrate their talents and abilities, striving for economic independence. This process has led to a change in the policies of almost all countries regarding women's issues and their attitude towards them. Methods: The article scientifically analyzes the goals and tasks of women's organizations in the socio- economic policy of the Soviet government, using generally accepted scientific, historicist, and comparative analysis methods. Research results: In Uzbekistan, during the years of independence, all measures taken by the state and society to ensure gender equality have been an integral part and one of the priority areas of reforms in the political and social spheres. Having declared the formation of a democratic civil society, Uzbekistan has taken the path of providing a legislative framework for implementing comprehensive changes in all spheres of public life. The adoption and implementation of new laws ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens, including women, have been reflected in reforms and changes in the political, economic and social spheres. In this process, special attention was paid to the role of women in society, ensuring their participation in political life, social protection of motherhood and childhood, strengthening families, attracting women to small and medium-sized businesses, and forming a new layer of entrepreneurs among women. That is, women's rights are reflected in the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the "Family Code", the "Labor Code", as well as the Laws "On Protection of Citizens' Health", "On Employment of the Population", "On Elections to the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan", "On Elections to Regional, District and City Councils of People's Deputies", "On Guarantees of Equal Rights and Opportunities for Women and Men", and "On Protection of Women from Harassment and Violence". The world community has fully realized that the future of the nation and society depends on the participation of women in all spheres of social life, and that only when their active participation in science, technology, production, and management is achieved, can society have a perfect direction in its development. Therefore, in today's era of globalization and the clash of civilizations, the problems of further developing the place and role of women in modern society, which are considered important to solve, and in which progress cannot be achieved without the participation of women, are being put forward. The level of development of modern states is determined by the degree to which women's rights are ensured. Now, many experts studying human development believe that it is impossible to fully understand the historical path and progress traveled by humanity without studying the role of 184 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us women in all spheres of human society. In particular, the following opinion of the famous researcher of women's history Giselle Bock is included: “In the past, women's experience, work, life sphere were ignored because they seemed to have no historical value. However, women's history “should be considered as general as men's history”, ... because it concerns not only half of humanity, but all of it”. According to another famous researcher of women's history, Joan Kelly, “it is not about returning women to history, but first of all about returning history to women. Such attention is not only related to women in history, but also to women's history, but also to a special kind of history, namely the history of women of the whole world as women”. In order to bring about drastic qualitative changes in the issue of women in modern society, it is necessary to accurately assess the historical conditions and state of development of women's movements. Today, the assessment of women's rights from the perspective of human rights on a global scale is the result of positive changes taking place in the world's progressive thinking. Naturally, the existence of women's movements on a global scale and the recognition of their activities by governments indicate that modern political and state systems are modernizing and democratizing their structures, and that the state of liberalization in the assessment of women's problems is developing widely. It is known that social development and political processes cannot be assessed without taking into account the participation of women, who make up more than half of the country's population. Increasing the social activity of the population is especially clearly manifested in the women's movement. After all, this social group reacts to even the most acute events in society through its own gender characteristics and is considered the gender that has the ability to turn its civil initiatives into reality. Representatives of the women's movement defend not only their own interests, but also the positions of the needy segments of the population, which are important for the country and society as a whole - children and the elderly and pensioners. In modern society, a developed women's movement is an integral part of the political process, and the unification of women into organizations gives this social group the opportunity to participate in making important political decisions. The women's movement reflects not only a wide range of issues directly related to the status of women, namely their role and place in various spheres of social life, their economic and political interests, but also covers general social laws that include the development of society and the prospects for the development of civil society in the country. In this process, the role and role of women's organizations is of great importance. However, the contradictory approach to women's issues in the Soviet era, the ambiguous assessment of the activities of Uzbek women, give rise to discussions about their current position in society. The social activities of women in traditional society and the problems associated with women have always attracted the attention of researchers. In this regard, in recent years, the scope of scientific research in the fields of history, social philosophy, law, economics, and pedagogy has been expanding, focusing on issues such as the treatment of women, gender equality issues, the protection of women's rights and interests, ensuring their social protection and employment, and the participation of women in internal and external migration. The theoretical and methodological basis of the ongoing research is formed by scientific principles such as problem-chronological, comparative-analytical methods, the emergence and development of socio-historical events, interconnectedness, systematicity, and development, which ensure the unity of theory and practice, 185 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us and allow for the synthesis of objectivity, accuracy, and progress that connects history and modernity, and is based on a methodological approach. The main methodological principles, such as historicity, objectivity, and systematicity, which were widely used in writing research papers, were also noted during the administrative-command system, and in socio-political sciences they were indicated as the main methodological principles. However, the intended purpose of them was different, and these principles were aimed at implementing the political goals of the communist ideology during the “red empire”. During the authoritarian regime, it was not a matter of objective study of historical sources, but of illuminating them from the perspective of the predetermined methodology of Marxism-Leninism and party decisions. Adherence to the slogan “partyness of science” was considered the “sacred duty” of every scientist. Therefore, such principles were far from solving the selected problems scientifically in a complete and objective manner. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, a number of problems arose in the social life of society. In particular, the issue of women and their place in society has given rise to a number of discussions. The existing problems were clearly manifested in the following areas: - political rights and the possibilities of exercising them; - the legal rights of women as individuals and as family members; - women's access to various forms of education and training, including vocational training; - labor activities, among others. These issues, which concern the peoples of the region, in particular, the government of Uzbekistan, have become a key factor in determining the further direction of state policy. After Uzbekistan gained independence, many qualitative changes have taken place in the republic in a short period of time, which have found their expression in the economy, social processes, and especially in the rise of the position of women in society and the family. A number of adopted normative and legal documents, ensuring the rights of women, their participation in the political and cultural strata of society, and measures taken to combat the discrimination of women's rights, have shown their effectiveness since the first years of independence. The situation has changed radically in the conditions of independence, and the above-mentioned scientific principles, since they were free from the political goals of communist ideology, began to serve the social sciences. Also, the theoretical and methodological basis of research work is the dia lectual method, national idea and universal principles of scientific thinking. It is important to take the works of the First President I. Karimov and President Sh. Mirziyoyev as a methodological basis for carrying out the selected work. The important theoretical and methodological ideas raised in the works, especially their positive attitude towards the issues of increasing the activity of women in public life, the place and role of women in socio-spiritual and cultural life, and their scientific conclusions are of significant theoretical and scientific significance. The political views of the Head of State Sh. Mirziyoyev are dominated by the gene pool of the nation, first of all, the spiritual maturity and perfection of women, their physical health and their dependence on their creative and creative potential, the need to appreciate and respect this, as well as the need to make women equal and active participants in society. At the same time, the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the laws adopted by the Oliy Majlis of the Republic, which are based on strengthening the role of women in the spiritual spheres of society, and the programs developed on the protection of the family, motherhood and childhood 186 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us are of great importance. Articles 42, 58, 78 of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan and special laws create legal guarantees for increasing the social activity of women and ensuring their social protection. The Republic of Uzbekistan has achieved significant achievements in the socio-economic, political and cultural spheres over the years of independence. The role of women in this development process is becoming increasingly important. At a new stage of the country's development, the issue of gender equality and increasing the social activity of women has become one of the priority areas of state policy. As a result of post-independence reforms, Uzbekistan was one of the first Central Asian countries to join the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. In general, thanks to the great opportunities and conditions created for women in the country at the initiative of the head of state, women are actively participating in the life of the state and society. The implemented state policy creates broad opportunities for ensuring the rights and freedoms of women, their intellectual and spiritual development, and the harmonious fulfillment of professional and family obligations. The participation of women in the decision-making process affecting the life of the country has increased significantly. As a result, the number of women in parliament has reached a level consistent with the recommendations set by the UN and amounted to 32 percent. The share of women in management positions reached 35 percent in 2023, 25 percent in the business sector, 44 percent in political parties, and 46 percent in higher education. The social status of women in the family and society is improving. Problems and solutions at the current stage of development Today, Uzbekistan is actively working to expand women's participation in education, the labor market, and political life. However, a number of problems still remain: gender stereotypes, limited economic opportunities, domestic violence, and other social barriers. Reforms implemented by the state, such as measures to support women in entrepreneurship, educational grants, and leadership positions, are aimed at solving these problems. Key areas: 1. Education and training: A wide range of programs are being implemented to help women master modern professions and technologies. 2. Economic opportunities: Women's economic independence is being increased through microfinance and support for entrepreneurship. 3. Legal protection: Legislation is being strengthened to combat domestic violence and ensure gender equality. 4. Raising public awareness: The ideas of gender equality are being promoted through mass media and social campaigns. Conceptual framework: a new approach The new development strategy of Uzbekistan bases the issue of women on the following conceptual frameworks: • Equality and justice: Equal rights and opportunities are ensured for all citizens. 187 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us • Activity and participation: The active participation of women in political, economic and social processes is encouraged. • Sustainable development: Gender equality is an integral part of the long-term development of Uzbekistan within the framework of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). • Innovative approach: Modern technologies and digital platforms are being used to empower women. Conclusion At the new stage of Uzbekistan's national development, the issue of women is of strategic importance not only for social justice, but also for the economic and cultural advancement of the country. By ensuring gender equality, increasing women's participation in education and the labor market, and protecting their rights, Uzbekistan is taking steps towards a sustainable and prosperous future. These conceptual foundations will serve to strengthen our country's global standing and improve the living standards of our people. References: 1. The role of women and gender issues in the construction of family, state and society in Uzbekistan. - T.: Science, 1999. - B. 24 (The role of women and gender issues in the construction of family, state and society in Uzbekistan. - T.: Fan, 1999. - P.24). 2. New history of Uzbekistan. Book 2. Uzbekistan during the Soviet colonial period. Scientific editor M.Juraev. Tashkent, "Sharq", 2000. 3. The socio-economic life of Uzbekistan during the years of perestroika. arxiv.uz.Yangi O‘zbekistonda xotin-qizlarning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy faolligini oshirish yo‘nalishlari. www.researchgate.net.[](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378530825_Yangi_O%27zb ekistonda_xotin-qizlarning_ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy_faolligini_oshirish_yo%27nalishlari) 4. The Purpose and Responsibilities of Women's Organizations in the Social and Economic Policy of the Soviet Power https://inovatus.es/index.php/ejbsos/article/view/5373 5. Priority Areas of Fundamental Reforms Aimed at Increasing the Status of Women in Society and in the New Uzbekistan 6. Rakhbar Khalikova, Umida Musaeva, Nilufar Djuraeva, Umid Jumanazarov, Feruza Sadriddinova, Akbar Khujakulov6 and Zilola Sattorova. Managing Digital Transformation: Analysing Digitalization of How Firms Attract, Retain, and Develop Digital Skills//Indian Journal of Information Sources and Services ISSN: 2231-6094 (P) Vol.14, No.4, 2024, pp.147- 152 © The Research Publication, www.trp.org.in DOI: https://doi.org/10.51983/ijiss- 2024.14.4.23