145 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 3, Issue 9, 2025 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 English Culture, Which Is Conveyed With the Help of Phraseological Units Leyla Kholmuradova PhD, Associate Professor of Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages Samarkand, Uzbekistan Abstract: The relevance of the selected topic consists in an integrated approach to the study of universal and national-specific features of the representation of moral and ethical concepts in the phraseological foundation of the language with the use of linguistic and linguistic and cultural analysis. Most proverbs contain figurative meanings based on the generalisation of single facts, which often makes it possible to interpret even proverbs with direct substantiation of meaning more broadly. Key words: culture; phraseological units; phraseology; English. The subject of linguistic culturology is culture, in particular, the spiritual culture. The spiritual foundations of a nation influence greatly the development of a person. Therefore, it is impossible to understand many of the popular English idioms concerning spirituality without knowing some basic concepts, without knowing what had actually preconditioned them. Each language expresses something related to its people, which no other language can adequately do. If a mental image is transferred from one language to another, it will always continue to have in it elements of the national and cultural specificity. In this article we want to tell about England’s historical heritage and culture, which are conveyed with the help of language. To analyse the portrait of a contemporary Englishman through the prism of his phraseological picture of the world is the goal of this research. There usually are two labels applied to Englishmen: they are considered ether childishly sentimental or insensibly imperturbable. We think that the Englishman’s soul is hidden ‘under seven seals.’ The impeccable appearance, pale skin (this paleness is typical only of the inhabitants of Albion), perfect manners and restrained smile are the characteristics describing perfectly an authentic Englishmen, as we guess. To reveal one’s feelings and thoughts is not accepted among the English people. An English family is locked from inside: each of its members hides carefully their private life. To suppress one’s feelings towards one’s children is the essential condition in their upbringing. The Englishmen also avoid carefully demonstrating their feelings towards other members of the family, which often results in even stronger barriers within the family than between the family and society. The cult of the independence of a person in the English family leads to isolation and further to loneliness. We would also like to note that England is the country of men. Since early years boys in English families are given preference. A family spends more energy, efforts and financial resources to bring up a boy. Indeed, men predominate in the country. Men in Great Britain are given much care and attention. The prosperity of a family is judged by the prosperity of its man, and not its woman. To discuss private life, love and family problems is considered indecent. The reasons why the English people do not like to talk about them are the same as those for which they do not discuss their incomes and salaries. Family relics and values are passed from generation to generation and serve as the foundations of the English society and English culture. 146 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us Englishmen are highly reserved people, whose private life is a mystery and public life, on the contrary, is very bright and open. According to Englishmen, a conversation should always be light and natural, helping the mind to relax, and the collision of opposite views should be avoided. The English people usually lead an active and eventful public life. They are constantly organising various public organisations and clubs, where people with identical interests, views and ambitions can gather. Englishmen like very much to defend their rights and strive for their ideals. We suppose that their wish to be useful for society results from their desire to run away from the loneliness they suffer from in their own families, as the ambition to gain independence leads to the loss of affection, which only close and loving people can give. Differences play an important role in the formation of an English person. We would like to point out the main traits characteristic of the English people. We conclude that the inner form of idioms is the most important source of cultural knowledge enclosed in idioms. The culturological comment of phraseological units based on the interpretation of the figurative basis of the inner shape of idioms in the symbolic cultural and national ‘space’ of a definite linguistic society (in this instance, the English and French societies), is an important mechanism discovering idioms’ cultural contents. Giving the linguo-culturological description of idioms, we proceeded from the understanding of culture as the result of the perception and realisation of the world by each individual and the whole society in the course of their life, when meanings important for the culture from the functional aspect were given to names or their combinations denominating the objects of the real world and making these names play the role of ‘symbols’ of the culture’s language. The linguo-culturological analysis of idioms and the study of their national and cultural specificity is based on this of understanding culture in our work. This allowed us to show the cultural specificity of idioms enclosed in the inner forms of phraseological units, as well as the characteristic features of the worldview of these two nations. William Shakespeare occupies a special place in the English phraseology; his works are rightly included in the golden treasury of the world classic. Shakespeare’s works are of great importance for our work, as they provided the second largest quantity of idioms after the Bible to the English phraseological vocabulary. Let us give examples of some of them: ‘A fool’s paradise’ (Romeo and Juliet); ‘The green-eyed monster’ (Othello) – denoting jealousy; ‘Care killed a cat’ (Much Ado About Nothing). According to a belief among the English people, a cat has ten lives. Later, a similar phrase, ‘curiosity killed a cat,’ was produced out of this expression; ‘Salad days’ (Antony and Cleopatra) – the time of youthful inexperience; Something is rotten in the state of Denmark (Hamlet) – something is wrong. Religion occupies a special place in the life of every Englishman: they honour and revere the ancient precepts of their ancestors, which is why the Bible served as an important literary source providing a great number of phraseological units to the English language. The number of expressions taken from the Bible is so enormous that it is still problematic to gather them all together. The most common and popular idioms from the Bible are daily bread; thirty pieces of silver (the price for betrayal). The phraseological units provided in our work are used to express figurative and substantiation bases of the given language units, so that we can see a bright linguistic and, in particular, phraseological picture of the world characteristic of the English language and the English nation. Idioms reflect people’s wisdom; many of them represent the spiritual and cultural values of different peoples. Reference: 1. Amosova N.N. Osnovi angliyskoy fraseologii -Л.1963 – 208 p. 2. Kunin A.B. Frazeologiya sovremennogo angliyskogo yazika. М. 1972. – 289 p. 3. Cowie A.,Mackin R., McCaigl. R. Oxford Dictionary of Current Idiomatic English. V.1,2. Lnd., 1975,1983. 4. English - Russian Phraseological Dictionary – М.,1984.-944p. 147 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us 5. Kholmuradova L.E. (2021). National and Cultural Originality of English and French Phraseology and its Influence on the Development of the Mentality of the People. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 4778-4784. 6. Холмурадова Л.Э. Ряд специфических способностей, присущих образности языковых единиц в английском и французском языках. Международный журнал «Искусство слова», Тошкент 2021, стр. 75-80 https://tadqiqot.uz/index.php/art/article/view/4132 7. Холмурадова Л.Э. Линвокультурология как важная часть нового филологического предмета. Тошкент 2018, стр. 52-57 — JOURNAL.FLEDU.UZ https://journal.fledu.uz/ru/lingvokulturologiya-kak-vazhnaya-chast-novogo-filologicheskogo- predmeta/