72 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 01, Issue 08, 2023 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 Cognitive Linguistics and its Basic Concepts in the Study of Somatic Phraseological Units Guzal Mukhtorovna Umarjonova Fergana State University, Senior Lecturer, Department of Foreign Languages for Humanities, PhD. Abstract This article talks about the importance of cognitive linguistics in revealing the characteristics of somatic phraseological units and how it leads to the development of dictionaries that explain not only the meanings of words and scientific concepts, but also the specific characteristics of a particular culture. Cognitive analysis of phraseological units not only reveals the nomination of this or that event, object, but also provides information about the formation of the meaning of the phraseological unit. Keywords: Somatic phraseological unit, cognitive approach, phraseological-semantic field, cognitology, linguistic activity, psychological, biological and neurophysiological aspects, cognitive structures, Gestalt psychology. Introduction The general interests of modern linguistics are increasing in determining the national features in the considered structures of the language. Somatic phraseological units are important not only for revealing the semantic, national and cultural features of the language, but also for studying the phraseological landscape of the world, which is one of the important tasks of modern linguistics. The cognitive approach allows a new approach to the issue of vocabulary systematization, which in turn leads to the development of dictionaries that explain not only the meanings of words and scientific concepts, but also the specific characteristics of a particular culture. Today, cognitive linguistics, which looks at language as a cognitive mechanism involved in reflecting and changing information about the world, is developing rapidly and is characterized by a wide range of studied problems, different approaches and schools. Research in cognitive linguistics is one of the most influential approaches to language theory. Cognitive linguistics, which took its first steps in the last quarter of the last century, managed to become one of the leading branches of linguistics at the beginning of the 21st century. Cognitive linguistics seeks to study language as a system of mental knowledge and processing in all its interfaces and interactions on an interdisciplinary basis and to explain this psychologically adequately, ie. The main part Cognitive analysis of phraseological units (FB) not only reveals the nomination of one or another event, object, but also indicates a relationship, provides information about the formation of the meaning of a phraseological unit. The cognitive approach makes it possible to present fragments of the world and its national views as separate blocks that can be included in the periphery of large blocks of knowledge. Therefore, the analysis of separate phraseological-semantic fields and 73 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us the selection of models within them also serve to determine national characteristics in each phraseological unit. Cognitive linguistics, cognitology, unlike other fields, also deals with the issue of human acquisition of the factors that activate the language system and how to regulate the rules of their use. A cognitive linguist is interested in the role of linguistic phenomena in thinking and their functions. But this interest is not simple. A cognitivist looks for the relations between linguistic and thinking activities, the causes that create them, and tries to understand and analyze the content and content of communication texts - linguistic structures that are the result of these causes. So, cognitive linguistics is basically a field of science that researches and "explains" human linguistic activity in terms of cause and effect. Such research is carried out in two directions: a) the performance of speech activity and the emergence of its product; b) perception of the products of this activity. Cognitive linguistics (German cognize - to know, to understand, to understand) is not limited to the theory of knowledge in philosophy, but connects language with thinking and conducts in- depth scientific research on the integral connection of psychological, biological and neurophysiological aspects of its formation with social, cultural and linguistic phenomena. N.N. Boldyrev states that cognitive linguistics is inextricably linked with the concept of cognitive activity [1, 123]. Cognitive activity is a thinking process that makes a person perceive something or reality. It is directly related to the language, because experience and knowledge are exchanged, information is transmitted through the language, this aspect of the cognitive process and its results is related to linguistics, which studies the linguistic system of knowledge, that is, the linguistic means of organizing it and storing it in memory. It should be noted that despite the fact that cognitive linguistics is a relatively young science, its ideas are expressed in the works of many well-known Russian and foreign classics of linguistics. For example, V. Humboldt and his famous wisdom "Language is the soul of the people" [2, 398], A. Potebnya and its concept of immediate and subsequent meaning [3, 395], I.A. de Courtenay and his predictions about linguistics and other sciences (psychology, anthropology, sociology, biology) [4, 384], L. Elmslev [5, 248], E. Sepir and B. Whorf, who considered language to be an integral part of human consciousness relativity is combined with the theory of linguistics, which affects the problem of relations between language and thought, language and society [6, 135- 168], I.I. Meshchaninov and his doctrine of conceptual categories [7, 115-121], R. Jacobson and his An example of this is the understanding of the symbolic nature of language and the relationship between linguistics and other sciences [8, 25-58]. Cognitive linguistics is a field that studies language as a general cognitive mechanism. According to the linguist Sh.C. Safarov, "The task of cognitive linguistics is to acquire and store knowledge with the help of language, to use and transfer language in practice, and in general to connect the system and structure of language with thinking as a reflection in the human brain, and conduct in-depth scientific research" [9, 91] . Professor A. Mamatov, thinking about the cognitive analysis of the language system, writes: "Cognitive science deals with cognition (knowing), while cognitive linguistics studies the reflection and verbalization of cognition, that is, knowing in language. The cognitive approach to language is that the language form is ultimately a reflection of the human mind, thought, and cognitive structures. Cognition represents the systematization of all types of knowledge based on human cognitive activity according to its structure" [10, 212-219]. Professor G. M. Hoshimov states that "Cognitive linguistics is an important direction related to the complex conceptual processes in the human brain, such as understanding and learning of the reality of the world through language, that is, its perception, feeling and perception by means of concepts" [11, 68 ]. Cognitive linguistics, as a rapidly developing young research method, has set new directions for linguistic research through its activities. The development of cognitive linguistics is closely related to the emergence of cognitive science, which is an interdisciplinary science that studies 74 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us the general and specific aspects of a concept. Cognitive linguistics sees itself as a branch of cognitive science that focuses on describing and explaining mental language structures and processes. The main focus of cognitive linguistics is the study of the interaction between the representation and processing of linguistic knowledge. Although cognitive linguistics has become one of the most important areas of linguistics today, there is still no single and mandatory definition of the position of this research field. The definition of a scientific and theoretical perspective is complicated by a large number of cognitive works, some of which are based on completely different, hard-to-observe basic rules, and also by many descriptive approaches that call themselves "cognitive" but do not contain important innovations. What is cognitive linguistics and what does it study? To what extent is this scientific innovation in linguistic research? On the one hand, it aims to present the basic rules, goals and methodological approach of cognitive linguistics, and on the other hand, to make transparent the inclusion of this field of research in general cognitive research. The concept of cognitive linguistics outlined here is intended to contribute to the debate and outline key directions for future research, as well as to call for increased interdisciplinary collaboration. In general, cognitivism is a set of disciplines that combines the study of general principles that govern thought processes. Thus, language is presented as a means of access to thought processes. The experience of humanity, its thinking is based on language; language is a cognitive mechanism, a system of symbols that specially encodes and transforms information. The emergence of cognitive linguistics was determined not only by the history of linguistics, but also by the development of cognitive research and the emergence of a science called cognitive linguistics (in German: cognitive science; in Russian-language publications, the terms cognitology and cogitology are also used). The formal mention of cognitive linguistics as a branch of linguistics dates back to the International Linguistics Symposium held in the spring of 1989. The first international conference on the history of the formation and development of cognitive linguistics was held in Duisburg, Germany. The participants of the symposium formed the International Cognitive Linguistics Association (International Cognitive Linguistics Association). This association founded the Journal of Cognitive Linguistics and created a series of cognitive linguistic studies, monographs, and later published the works of well-known representatives of this field. However, in essence, cognitive linguistics emerged earlier, in the late 1980s. This is not the period of his birth, but the period of his flowering, the period when many works created in the spirit of the relevant ideology were published [12, 256]. Cognitive linguistics, more than generative linguistics, tries to integrate these fields into a whole. Difficulties arise due to the fact that the terminology of cognitive linguistics is not yet fully established, and that it is a relatively new field of research and related to other disciplines. Conclusion Cognitive linguistics is a modern school of linguistic thought and practice. He studies the relationship between language, consciousness, and human experience. Cognitive linguistics has been strongly influenced by the theories and perspectives of other cognitive sciences that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, particularly cognitive psychology [13, 192–233]. 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