158 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 01, Issue 8, 2023 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES OF TRANSLATION IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK Anjela Kuganova Alimardonovna Chirchik State Pedagogical Institute , Faculty of Tourism , The English language department's 2nd years student anjelakuganova325@gmail.com +998950720329 ABSTRACT In-depth study of linguistic languages in foreign languages selected for work in the field of translation is of great importance in the process of linguistic and cultural analysis. It is also necessary to understand and study people’s thinking in the original language in order to understand intercultural differences. Apply lexical, grammatical and methodological methods in accordance with the standards of translation quality improvement. Even the words of color reflect the cultural traditions of different peoples, while the red sign means “danger” in the states, aristocracy in France, life and work in India, anger in Japan, and happiness in China. We can say that the concept of color reflects emotional and emotional factors along with social. The author’s task is to use color expressions in fiction. Rather, it is a tool that reflects the complexities of the language used to develop the author’s creative thinking. In translating literary texts, the translator's task is to fully convey the author's intention in the language he is translating. In fiction, colors are also widely used to refer to the protagonist and are based on his or her character. American writer Joif Heller has Captain Black. In the Russian translation of the work (translated by A. Kistyakovsky), the translator calls this man Captain Gnuz, who is embodied in English, emphasizing the negative aspects of the work in terms of darkness, evil, ugliness, ugliness. Gnuz is able to explain the meaning of the original text in Russian. Keywords:Translation Studies, Linguoculture, Aspect, Cognitive, Semiotic, Axiologist, Transformation, Communication, Culture, Norm. INTRODUCTION Uzbek translation has been making significant progress in recent years. While noting with satisfaction the success of its growth rate, we must not forget that there are many issues and problems that need to be solved. The Qur'an, Hadith, literary and historical translations translated from Arabic, which have become the real spiritual property of our people, have been thoroughly analyzed and have already received their original evaluation. LITERATURE ANALYSIS AND METHODOLOGY Translation has become a part of linguistics. It helped establish the rules governing the relationship between languages and identified similarities and differences between them. The influence of linguistics even included the definition of translation types based on differences in linguistic 159 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us relations and the functional capabilities of languages. Translation interacts with different fields of linguistics. On the one hand, it is related to general linguistics: syntax, semantics and morphology. On the other hand, it has interacted with stylistics, sociolinguistics, and psycholinguistics, becoming an important source for linguistics in other areas such as comparative studies, bilingualism, and second language education. A thorough study of language units in foreign languages selected for the implementation of work in the field of translation is of great importance in the process of linguistic and cultural analysis. In addition, in order to understand the difference between cultures, it is necessary to understand and study the mentality of the people in the original language of the text. Being able to use lexical, grammatical, and stylistic methods in accordance with translation norms improves the quality of translation. Linguistic culture reflects not only the lifestyle of the people today, but also the national, historical, and religious culture that has been formed over the centuries. Folklore in each language is considered to be the most studied and important oral heritage of genres, proverbs, expressions, and people who communicate in that language. The task of this field is to be able to reflect the culture of the people that has been formed to this day through the language. Culture serves as the basis of linguistic culture. In culture, first of all, the concept of this world and man is realized in a state of close interdependence with each other. Every person in society absorbs his mother tongue along with the culture of his people from childhood. All subtle aspects of the national culture are reflected in the language of this nation. Language and cultural differences and their impact on the translation process. A problem that the translator faces in some texts is how to find the meaning of some words that do not exist in a particular culture or environment. For example, in European culture, English "boy friend" and "girl friend" are the concepts of boyfriend and girlfriend, a concept that does not exist in Uzbek culture at all. They are also rare in Arabic culture. These differences are related to the problem of not being translated from the source language to another language. Here it is customary to deal with translation, that is, depending on how the word is pronounced in the source language, that is, writing iddat, etc., with the interpretation of these words, that is, with the help of parentheses: Iddat ( a period when a divorced or widowed person cannot marry according to Islam) However, he found that this solution does not work in many cases because it forces the translator to delve deeply into the meanings embedded in the source culture, and his translation is in this case taking into account the possibility that it may be partially or completely broken, he will be forced to deal with topics that are not within his scope of authority. Considering that English and Uzbek do not have this rhetorical color (baloga), when translating such verses, the translator should choose a phrase that indicates a future event, using a term to emphasize, such as "certainly", the translation is the first in the verse 1-The Hour will certainly draw near and the moon will cleave asunder”1-"The Hour will certainly draw near and the moon will cleave asunder." And in the second verse, the translation is as follows: "The event ordained by Allah will certainly come to pass, so seek not to hasten it" 2-"What God has ordered will certainly happen. Try not to rush" DISCUSSION 160 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us Formation of communication skills. This principle means to increase the level of preparation of personnel engaged in translation for a realistic approach to situations that arise in intercultural communication. That is, in any difficult situation, it is necessary to provide the correct interpretation of the translated text without difficulty. Ability to combine. It requires the translator to have rich knowledge in various fields. A principle that requires both the role of a professional information provider and the owner of academic social knowledge at the same time. Use of scattered information. This principle implies the ability of the translator to develop the ability to use the knowledge in various fields that he has before translation, precisely during translation. It is necessary to form the thorough acquisition of linguistic and cultural knowledge of translation specialists through the sciences of translation theory, and it is necessary to make it a priority to make the correct use of this knowledge in the process of translating materials of various genres. A translator engaged in artistic translation is required not only to master a foreign language, but also to know the history and culture of this language, knowledge of international cultural relations, the field of psychology, and the history of peoples and religions. Language can be used as a universal tool and ethnic culture. But in order to be able to show culture in the form of semantics in linguistic units, it is important to have a high level of knowledge in the areas listed above. Therefore, in the thorough study of a foreign language, in addition to the professional study of this language, it is necessary to attach great importance to the teaching of the methodology, culture, literature, country studies, the theory and practice of oral and written translation. As a result, the future specialist should reach the level of being able to accept and evaluate this foreign language from sources written in a foreign language, approach the historical and cultural heritage with respect and attention, be able to distinguish information from a social and cultural point of view, and be able to follow a logical sequence in the implementation of literary translation. the formation of the ability to use language, the ability to reveal the essence of the original text correctly in the translation has been raised to a professional level.Let's consider what we should pay attention to in a deeper and more complete coverage of linguistic and cultural aspects in literary translation: 1. The use of transformational methods, that is, the method of converting complex and compound sentences into simple and simple sentences and transferring them through translation. An example of this method is grammatical transformation (literal translation is dangerous in this process). 2. Syntactic transformation (turning the original text into an equivalent text without changing its meaning and lexical meaning), lexical transformations as an example we can bring. 3. Knowing the translation of famous nouns, geographical names, national names 4. Translation of Arabic verbs and their forms 5. Translation of political idioms 6. Specific features in the translation of antonyms 7. Translation of abbreviations 8. Political corrections in translation use of linguistic facts. 161 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us CONCLUSION In conclusion, it can be said that linguistic and cultural aspects play an important role in communication processes and in the transfer of information and ideas from one medium to another, and everyone should consider these aspects and deal with them in translation, writing and speaking situations. should know. In some cases, there are no errors or confusions that cause the dissatisfaction of the reader or the listener and the non-acceptance of the material delivered to him, or in other cases it leads to unpleasant results. In general, a translator cannot achieve results without knowledge and skills related to language and culture. It is natural. But the main thing we should pay attention to is the training of qualified translators. Because the concept of culture changes as society develops. So the concept of language and culture is constantly updated. This, in turn, affects fiction as well as other fields. There is a literary work that is definitely in demand and need to be translated. Therefore, in order to ensure that our translation schools find a worthy place in the future, we must support translators and create conditions for them to thoroughly acquire both theoretical and practical knowledge. REFRENCES 1. Khasanova, L. (2021). THE IMPORTANCE OF ART IN DEPICTING THE IMAGE OF A DOG (ON THE EXAMPLE OF NAVOI'S LYRICS). Journal inostrannyx yazykov i lingvistiki, 2(3). 2. Khasanova, L. (2021). PRINCIPLES OF IMAGERY OF DOG IMAGES IN "KHAZOYIN UL-MAANI" COLLECTION. Scientific progress, 1(6), 1098-1111. 3. Shaikhislamov, N. (2021). THE ROLE OF WRITTEN WORKS IN IMPROVING STUDENTS' WRITING LITERACY. Scientific progress, 2(1), 1659-1664. 4. Shaikhislamov, N. (2021). Linguistics as a branch of modern linguistics: history and theory. Modern trends in linguistics: problems and solutions, 61-62. 5. Shaikhislamov, N. (2021). USE OF THE MODERN METHOD-CACOGRAPHY METHOD IN TEACHING MOTHER LANGUAGE LESSONS. Scientific progress, 1(3). 6. Shaikhislamov, N. (2020). Issues of science and education in Uzbekistan: problems and solutions, (2), 219221.