









































Pa
ge

 
1



Pa
ge

 
21

American Journal of  
Life Science and Innovation (AJLSI)

Length-Weight Relationship and Relative Condition Factor of  Hilsa (Tenualosa IlishaTenualosa Ilisha) 
Fishes in the Bay of  Bengal, Bangladesh

Flura1, Md. Moniruzzaman1, Mohammad Ashraful Alam1, Md. Hashibur Rahman2*, Md. Abu Kawser Didar1, 
Azhar Ali3, Md. Harunor Rashid1, Md. Anisur Rahman2, Yahia Mahmud2

Volume 1 Issue 2, Year 2022
ISSN: 2833-1397 (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54536/ajlsi.v1i2.821
https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajlsi

Article Information ABSTRACT

Received: October 23, 2022

Accepted: October 30, 2022

Published: November 03, 2022

The present study describes the associated relationship between the length-weight, sex 
ratio and related condition factor of  Tenualosa ilisha based on the length and weight data            
collected from the commercial landing station of  BFDC, Cox’s Bazar, from January 2019 
to December2019. The work was carried out on 866 specimens (307 male and 559 female) 
ranging from 8.4 to 53.6 cm in length and weight of  fishes ranging from 7 to 1977g, 
respectively. The reproductive attributes of  T. ilisha appeared in the sex proportions (M: 
F=1:2) which revealed the prevalence of  females in comparison with males. The external 
observation was taken into consideration to determine the gender of  Hilsa. The relationship 
of  length-weight was fitted with the pooled data for males and females independently 
of  all month-to-month samples which results the BW=0.0104TL2.9795 (R2=0.9636) and 
BW=0.0019TL3.4689 (R2=0.8461) respectively. The results expressed a higher correlation in 
between the length-weight (r>0.91). The length wise relative condition factor of  T.  ilisha 
was estimated as 1.02, 0.9, 1.05, 1.03, and 1.02 at the length group of  0-20, 21-30, 31-40, 
41-50, 51-60 respectively indicating fluctuation of  condition factor within the size group. 
The overall KR for T. ilisha was 0.9-1.22 in which maximum KR was found in July while 
the minimum was in March. The KR was strongly correlated with TL and BW.

Keywords
Length-Weight, Relationship, 
Condition Factor, Hilsa, 
Tenualosa Ilisha, Bay of  
Bengal, Bangladesh

1 Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Riverine Station, Chandpur, Bangladesh.
2 Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Headquarters, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
3 Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater Sub-station, Saidpur, Bangladesh.
* Corresponding author’s e-mail: hasibkhan94bfri@gmail.com

INTRODUCTION
The Hilsa shad is deliberated as a national flag fish of  
Bangladesh and also treated as a popular food fish in 
the Indian Subcontinent. The juvenile of  Hilsa is locally 
known as Jatka (Islam, 2016a). Hilsa shad is nutritionally 
rich in amino acids, lipids and minerals (De et al., 2019). 
It is the largest and most valuable fishery in the context 
of  Bangladesh, as well as a major fishery in Sri Lanka, 
India, China, and also in Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand 
and Vietnam (Freyhof, 2014).  The Hilsa is highly popular 
food amongst the people of  Middle and in the East South 
Asia. The contribution of  this fish species is about 12% 
of  the total fish production of  the country (DoF, 2019). 
Hilsa shad is rich in minerals, lipids and amino acids 
(De et al., 2019). It is Bangladesh’s national fish and the 
country’s largest single species fishery and approximately 
contributes 12-13 percent of  total fish production 
(Haldar, 2008). 
Bangladesh earns about Tk.1500 million foreign currency 
and exports a large amount of  Hilsa as well. Hilsa is 
primarily exported to European Union, America, and 
Australia as well as a few other Far Eastern and Middle 
Eastern countries. Its marine range includes the Arabian 
Sea, the Bay of  Bengal on India’s west coast and Iran 
and Iraq in the Persian Gulf, as well as (Ahmed et al., 
2008). Hilsa shad accounted for more than 95 percent 
of  Bangladesh’s total commercial catch in the early 
1970s (Coad et al., 2003). Approximately 2% of  the total 
population either directly or indirectly rely on the fishery 
for a living, (Mazid et al., 2007).
T. ilisha in Iran’s south-west is considered as a significant 
food fish. Although the Hilsa shad is usually regarded as 

an anadromous species, two ecotypes have been identified 
which includes a marine type and a river potamodromous 
type. The potamodromous stocks generally spend their 
entire year in the middle sections of  the river from where 
they were actually reproduced. Anadromous stocks 
commonly return to their original habitat after spawning 
and ascend rivers during the breeding season (Panhwar 
et al., 2011). Therefore, the actual stocks are still in 
controversial and the ageing is erratic due to the absence 
of  annual rings on scales (Rahman and Cowx, 2006). 
However, length-weight relationship is an instant tool in 
fisheries biology, ecology, and fisheries assessment. 
The variation in length-weight is influenced by gonadal 
development, fatness and the feeding intensity (Le Cren, 
1951). The measurements of  length and weight can impart 
the associated information on the life span, mortality, 
growth and production and stock composition (Orhan et 
al., 2009). The LWR of  T. ilisha has been studied by many 
scientists (Nima et al., 2020; Mondal et al., 2015; Nibedita 
et al., 2017; Mondal et al., 2018; Flura et al., 2015; Nurul 
Amin et al., 2005; Bhaumik et al., 2011; De and Dutta, 
1990;), population biology (Islam et al., 1987; Rahman et 
al., 1998; Amin et al., 2000; Haldaret al., 2001; Ahmed et 
al., 2008; Hossain et al., 2019). This relationship is very 
important in fisheries biology because it allows estimation 
of  an average weight of  the fish of  a given length group 
(Beyer, 1987), assesses the well-being of  individuals and 
to determines possible differences between separate unit 
stocks of  the same species (King 2007). 
The relationship of  length-weight can be used in the 
estimation of  condition factor (KR) of  fish species. The 
relative condition factor (KR) of  a fish reflects physical and 

https://doi.org/10.54536/ajlsi.v1i2.821
https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajlsi
mailto:hasibkhan94bfri%40gmail.com?subject=


Pa
ge

 
22

https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajlsi

Am. J. Life Sci. Innov. 1(2) 21-28, 2022

biological circumstances and fluctuations by interaction 
among physiological factors and feeding conditions (Le 
Cren; 1951). It quantitatively assesses the well-being of  
fish and predicts its future population success, given its 
influence on growth, reproduction, and survival (Richter, 
2007; Hossain et al., 2013a, 2016). Relative condition 
factor KR is defined as KR = W/ (a×Lb) where, W is the 
body weight (g) and L is the total length (cm). Hossain 
et al., (2009), (2013b); Rypel and Richter (2008) reported 
that KR can be used to examine fish health. Good growth 
condition of  the fish is deduced when KR ≥ 1, while the 
organism is in poor growth condition compared to an 
average individual with the same length when KR < 1. 
KR was also assessed within different periods (warm for 
spring and summer; cold for fall and winter). 
The findings of  this study will help to improve stock 
assessment to induct an adequate regulation for 
sustainable fishery management and conservation of  
Hilsa in the territorial waterbody of  Bangladesh.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fish samples were taken from BFDC Landing Centre in 
Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh month by month from January 
to December 2019. In this study, a total of  866 specimens 
(307 male and 559 female) were randomly collected 
ranging in total length (TL) from 8.4 to 53.6 cm and total 
body weight (BW) from 7 to 1977 g. Table 1 shows the 
details of  the hilsa collection used in this study. Specimen’s 
data was collected and pooled together in Microsoft 
Excel spread sheet to analyze through Microsoft Excel 
Analytical Toolpak. Statistical analyses were also done by 
GraphPad Prism 9.0 software considered at 5% level of  
significance (p< 0.05) in the study. 
Total length (from the tip of  snout to the extended tip 
of  the caudal fin) and the centimeter scale close to 0.01 
mm was used to measure the standard length in the fish 
market. Total weight was measured with a digital balance 
for individual fish in grams (Acculab Sartorius Group, 
0.01 g accuracy). 
The gender of  hilsa was determined by external 
observation. The equation BW= a*TLb Where, 
BW=Body weight of  fish in (g) TL=Total length of  fish 
in (cm) a=Constant (intercept) b=an exponent indicating 
isometric growth when equal to 3, was used for the 
associated estimation of  LWR. The the co-efficient of  
determination (r2) and 95% confidence intervals of  a and 
b were also estimated. 
The relative condition factor (KR) compensates for 
changes in form or condition with an increase in length, 
and was calculated following Le Cren (1951): KR = W/ 
(a×Lb) where, W is the body weight (g) and L is the 
total length (cm). All the calculations were done using 
Microsoft Office Excel (2019) and GraphPad Prism 9.0. 
Fulton′s condition factor (KF) was calculated according 
to Fulton (1904) as KF=100× (BW/TL3). The scale factor 
of  100 was used to bring the KF close to the unit factor 
(Hossain et al., 2012b). The monthly variations of  KF and 
b were also observed. 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In analyzing data, a total of  866 specimens (307 male 
and 559 female) were collected from BFDC Landing 
Centre in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. The reproductive 
attributes appeared as the ratio of  M: F=1:2 which shows 
the prevalence of  females over males in this experiment 
study (Fig.1).

Figure 1: Percent composition of  male and female T. ilisha

Figure 2: Monthly variations of  total length of  T.ilisha.

From January to December 2019, male Hilsa were collected 
to assess the total body weight and length data over the 
period. The variation TL and BW on monthly basis shown 
in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, respectively The equation for the 

Figure 3: Monthly variations of  total length of  T.ilisha.

length-weight relationship of  T. ilisha was worked out and 
expressed as: the exponential form of  equation obtained 
for length-weight relationship wasBW=0.0104TL2.9795 
(R2=0.9636) (Fig. 4). The parameters ‘a’ and ‘b’ were 
estimated as: 0.0104 and 2.9795, respectively (Fig. 4). 
The length-weight relationships might be affected by the 
general condition of  appetite and gonadal contents of  the 
fish assumed as the value of  ‘b’ in males was found higher. 
The growth was negative allometric (b>3) as the ‘b’ value 
was recorded 2.97 in this study. The ‘b’ value was close to 3 
which indicated isometric growth of  the fish. The value of  
exponent ‘b’ in equation W = aLb usually lies between 2.5 

https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajlsi


Pa
ge

 
23

https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajlsi

Am. J. Life Sci. Innov. 1(2) 21-28, 2022

estimated as TL = 0.0019BW3.4689 and R2=0.8461 (Fig. 5). 
The parameters ‘a’ and ‘b’ were estimated as: 0.0019 and 
3.4689, respectively from length-weight relationships data 
(Fig. 5). The ‘b’ value indicates that growth was positive 
allometric as the recorded value was 3.4 (b>3). 
There was a found a strong relationship between total 
length and body weight in the sample as the correlation 
coefficient value was 0.8461 and such a result reflected 
the positive slope (Fig. 5). The value of  r2 being greater 
than 0.196, the relationships were significant at 95% 
confidence level for T. ilisha and is applicable to the 
whole population. The variation in body weight (84.61%) 
was observed due to the variation in total length in the 
sample of  Hilsa which was derived from the coefficient 
of  determination (0.8461).
Condition factor of  a fish reflects the information 
and variation in the physiological state of  the fish in 
relation to its welfare and indicate the sustainability of  
the fish to the environment. It is an indicator of  general 
physiological conditions of  fishes, such as, first maturity, 
spawning season, environmental conditions availability 
of  food. Differences between sexes due to feeding 
intensity and depth of  water influence the KR value to 
some extent. The length wise relative condition factor of  
T. ilisha (Fig.6) were estimated as 1.02, 0.9, 1.05, 1.03, and 

to 3.58. There was found a strong relationship between 
total length and total body weight in the sample as the 
correlation coefficient value indicated 0.9636 and its 
positive value reflected the slope as shown in (Fig. 4). 

Table 1: Descriptive statistics for the individual tree variables for the two (2) study sites
Date No of  

Male
Size Range No of  

Female
Size Range Condition Factor

(Mean±sd)TL (cm BW(g) TL (cm) BW(g)
Jan 40 23.5-35 142-411 86 33.2-46.6 446-1208

1.06±0.19

Feb 24 24.8-40 149-622 52 38.6-47.5 687-1215
Mar 21 13-29.4 25-260 28 31.1-48.2 320-1128
Apr 19 8.4-15 7-35 27 23.3-37 14-150
May 10 20.6-31 92-252 32 32.7-43.9 430-1096
Jun 18 17.2-36.2 76-452 25 28-46 210-1050
Jul 15 33.2-41.5 354-728 19 41.4-50.8 772-1977
Aug 35 22.5-38.6 117-621 49 34.3-48.5 419-1644
Sep 17 25.5-37.6 172-522 53 33.6-53.6 380-1862
Oct 31 23-35 138-430 93 37.5-51.5 605-1805
Nov 41 17-37.2 40-511 70 36.9-50.8 530-1460
Dec 36 25-36 140-501 92 37.4-48.5 595-1305
Where, TL= Total length; BW= Body weight

Figure 4: Relationship between total body weight (g) 
and total length (cm) in the male, T. ilisha.

As the r2 values being greater than 0.196, the relationships 
were estimated as significant at 95% confidence level 
and is applicable to the population as a whole in the 
experimental study. The variation of  96.36% in body 
weight was due to the variation in total length which 
derived from the analysis of  coefficient of  determination 
(0.9636) data.
From the total length and total body weight data were 

Figure 5: Relationship between total body weight (g) 
and total length (cm) in the female, T ilisha

Figure 6: Variations of  relative condition factor (KR) 
with total length of  T. ilisha

https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajlsi


Pa
ge

 
24

https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajlsi

Am. J. Life Sci. Innov. 1(2) 21-28, 2022

1.02 at the length group of  0-20 cm, 21-30 cm, 31-40 cm, 
41-50 cm, 51-60 cm respectively indicating fluctuation of  
condition factor within the size group, which implies the 
physiological change of  the fish in different environmental 
regimes of  the Bay of  Bengal.

The minimum value of  female KR was 0.9 in February 
and the maximum value was 1.22 in July while minimum 
value of  male KR was 0.89 in February and the maximum 
value was 1.1 in August. Monthly variations of  KR were 
showed in Fig. 7. Table 2 Showed correlation between TL 

Table 2: Correlation of  relative condition factor (KR) with total length (TL) and body weight (BW) with 95% 
confidence limits of  the T. ilisha
Correlation rs values 95% CL of  rs p value Level of  significance
TL vs. KR 0.02676 0.1889 to 0.3429 < 0.0001 ****
BW vs. KR 0.2918 0.4912 to 0.5857 < 0.0001 ****
rs, Spearman rank-correlation values; CL, confidence limit; p, shows the level of  significance; **** very highly significant

Figure 7: Monthly variations of  relative condition factor 
(KR) of  T. ilisha

vs. KRand BW vs. KR. The minimum value of  female KF 
was 0.75 in December and the maximum value was 1.5 in 
July. The minimum value of  male KF was 0.90 in March 
and the maximum value was 1.12 in May (Fig. 8).

Figure 8: Monthly variations of  Fulton’s Condition 
factor (KF) of  T. ilisha

DISCUSSION
From the findings, the maximum length obtained53.6 cm 
TL which was smaller than the study (60 cm) of  Froese 
and Pauly, (2020) and the study (61 cm) of  Amin et al., 
(2004), and (57 cm) Rahmanet al., (1999) and Amin et al., 
(2002) in Bangladesh. Many other scientists (Fluraet al., 
2015; Roomiani and Jamili, 2011; Mohanty and Nayak, 
2017; Bhaumiket al., 2011; Sarkaret al., 2017; Bhaktaet 
al., 2019) found the body length were smaller than the 
current study. Our study found that Mean TL and BW 
were comparatively smaller in April. Similar results also 
found Mathur, (1964) stated that hilsa had small peak was 
in February, sothe juvenile recruit in April and thus they 
are small in size and weight in April. Hossain et al., also 

(2014) reported that hilsa recruited in the adult stock in 
January because September-October is the peak spawning 
season of  Hilsa shad.
The body length is a considered as an important parameter 
which may be directly related with growth rate, natural 
and fishing mortalities (Guoping et al., 2008). The sex 
ratio in T. ilisha have been identified and executed several 
studies by Amin et al., (2005), Quddus et al. (1984a), Shafi 
et al. (1974 and 1978). The sex ratio in this study (M: F= 
1:2) was slightly similar to the findings of  Amin et al., 
(2005) where the dominance of  females complies with 
the results (males to females 1:5.09). The sex ratio was 
changed between different months, but female was found 
predominant which derived from the same statement of  
Amin et al., (2005). Some of  the contradictory statements 
have been revealed by previous investigations on the sex 
ratio (Ahmed and Saha, 1996; Quddus et al., 1984a). The 
often moving in separate shoals may be caused for the 
associated variations. Several causes recommended for 
the unequal sex ratios of  the Hilsa (Zhang et al., 2009).
Length-Weight relationship provides the information 
about estimation of  fishery yield and general well-being 
of  the fishes. It provides information on stock condition 
(Bagenal and Tesch, 1978). To conduct the comparative 
growth studies, length-weight relationship is important 
in fisheries management (Moutopoulos and Stergiou 
2002. Pauly (1993) stated that LWR provides valuable 
information on the habitat where the fish lives while 
Kulbicki et al., (2005) stressed the importance of  LWR 
in modeling aquatic ecosystems. The b values in LWR 
determine the growth pattern of  the fish species. When 
b is equal to 3 or close to 3, the growth of  the fish is said 
to be isometric i.e., while the length of  Hilsa increases 
it becomes more robust (Bagenal and Tesch 1978). 
Similarly, when b is far greater or less than 3, growth 
of  the fish is positive allometric or negative allometric 
i.e., the fish becomes heavier or thinner with increase in 
length (King 1996).
The LWR of  male and female hilsa of  the BOB 
system were found to be BW=0.0104TL2.9795and 
BW=0.0019TL3.4689. In female there is a slight significant 
difference between the exponent value and ‘3’ hence 
indicating isometric growth and representing the ideal 
shape of  fish. But in male hilsa, b value is less than 3. 

https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajlsi


Pa
ge

 
25

https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajlsi

Am. J. Life Sci. Innov. 1(2) 21-28, 2022

Hence, it can be concluded that the growth of  hilsa is 
negatively allometric. When the value of  b is less than 3.0, 
the fish experiences a negative allometric growth (Pervin 
and Mortuza 2008; Thomas et al. 2003). This finding 
was found compatible and resembled with the results of  
Ahmed and Saha (1996). The mean length of  female was 
significantly higher which was derived from the statistical 
value (p<.05). The same result was observed from the 
study of  Roomiani et al., (2014). The exponent ‘b’ usually 
lies between 2.5 and 4 (Amin et al., 2009). When the 
growth is isometric, the value of  ‘b’ will be exactly ‘3’. The 
differences between the value of  ‘b’ not only observed 
between the species, but also between the stock of  the 
same species due to sex, maturity and seasons. 
The length-weight relationship of  ranges between 2.68 
to 3.16 (Amin et al., 2005). The ‘b’ of  T. ilisha to be in the 
range (2.76-3.38) in another studies in Bangladesh and 
India (Amin et al., 2002; 2004; 2005, Roomiani et al., 2014; 
Quddus et al.,1984). 
According to Pervin and Mortuza (2008), these values 
usually ranged from 2.5 to 4.0 for many fish species. 
Thus, the higher b values of  regression slope showed that 
the LWR of  a particular species followed the cube law. 
The reflection of  the general condition of  appetite and 
gonad content of  the fish was detected as the ‘b’ value 
was found higher (Pervin and Mortuza 2008). In addition, 
Bagenal and Tesch (1978); Froese (2006) also found that 
b values are reliant on biological and environmental 
conditions and geographical, temporal and sampling 
factors However, these factors were not taken into 
consideration due to time and budget constraints. Many 
factors could contribute to the differences of  the growth 
of  fish such as differences of  habitat, fish activities, food 
habits and seasonal growth rates. Dutta et al., (2012) also 
estimated the positive allometric growth, i.e., the weight 
increase is directly proportional to the increase in length. 
The same type of  LWR is also found in the observation 
from Amin et al., (2005) and established the female T. 
ilisha was taller than males.
Condition factor of  a fish ascertain the information and 
variation in the physiological state of  the fish in relation to 
its welfare and indicate the sustainability of  the fish to the 
environment. The present study found that the minimum 
and maximum value of  female KR in December and July 
& minimum and maximum value of  male KR in March 
and May, which was slightly similar to the study of  Nima 
et al., (2020), and not similar Sarkaret al., (2017) in August 
and June in Hooghly estuarine system, India. KR value 
may higher during spawning season (Khan et al., 2001). 
Hossain et al., (2017) stated that the difference may be 
occurred due to gonadal maturity, amount of  undigested 
food in the alimentary canal and changes in amount of  fat 
stored in body tissue. Mahmood et al., (2012) has found 
relative condition factor (KR) varied from 0.90±0.08 to 
1.03±0.08 of  Ilisha melastoma from Pakistan. Nath, A.K. 
(2013) has found the mean value of  relative condition 
factor (KR) is 1.0496801 and 1.010145 in female and male 
of  T.ilisha which was similar to our study. Overall female 

KR of  our study was within 0.999- 1.22 and male 0.956- 
0.1.12 which was similar to the study of  pooled data of  
Nima et al., (2020), while Mandal et al., (2018) reported 
KR value varied between 0.98-1.04 and Sarkar et al., (2017) 
observed it from 0.98 to 1.05 for T. ilisha from India. The 
increased KR values after May could also attribute be to 
the peak feeding periods for the species, as observed by 
Bapat (1951).  Khan et al., 2001 also found high KR values 
during peak spawning periods and low KR values after 
spawning periods of  T. ilisha.
In this study, condition factor in fish is increase with 
increasing in size. Gradually it decreases as fishes are 
going to attain the maturity stage which was similar with 
the study of  Mohanty and Nayak (2017) also indicated 
same matter for T. ilisha in the Chilika Lake, India. Reuben 
(1992) stated that an early stage of  fish has higher KR 
value. Parida et al., (2013) have concluded that the lowest 
KR values during the more developed gonadal stages 
might mean resources transfer to the gonads during 
reproductive period. So, the observed peaks and values in 
the relative condition factor for length range of  31-40 cm 
might be associated with cyclic physiological processes 
by showing repeated development of  gonads as well as 
increase in feeding intensity and shading of  mature ova 
(spawning) respectively during life of  the fish.
The Fulton’s condition factor (KF) values between the 
sexes were significantly different in our study, likely 
indicating the presence of  mature females. In this 
study, we found the minimum and maximum value of  
female Fulton’s condition factor (KF) was 0.75 and 1.40 
in December &July and the minimum and maximum 
value of  male KF was 0.90 and 1.12 in March & May 
while Mandal et al., 2018 stated that KF ranged from 
0.47-3.05 in pooled, 0.47-1.63 in male and from 0.88-
3.05 in female. Mondol (2015) opined that condition 
factor decreases with decline in length and is also express 
healthy condition showing good compatibility with the 
nature or environment.

CONCLUSION
The present study provides the basic information about 
the length-weight relationship, sex ratio and related 
condition factor of  T. ilisha estimated as 1.02, 0.9, 1.05, 
1.03, and 1.02 at the length group of  0-20 cm, 21-30 cm, 
31-40 cm, 41-50 cm, 51-60 cm respectively, indicating 
fluctuation of  condition factor within the size group, 
which implies the physiological change of  the fish in 
different environmental regimes of  the Bay of  Bengal. 
There was a strong relationship between total length 
and body weight within the sample as the correlation 
coefficient value was 0.8461 and such a result reflected the 
positive slope. The value of  r2 being greater than 0.196, 
the relationships were significant at 95% confidence level 
for T. ilisha and are applicable to the whole population. 
The variation in body weight (84.61%) was observed due 
to the variation in total length in the sample of  Hilsa 
which was derived from the coefficient of  determination 
(0.8461). The findings of  this study will facilitate the 

https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajlsi


Pa
ge

 
26

https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajlsi

Am. J. Life Sci. Innov. 1(2) 21-28, 2022

researchers and academicians to perceive the stock 
assessment strategy by discerning the tangible subsidiary 
for sustainable hilsa fishery management in Bangladesh.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is also a great pleasure for the investigators to express 
their sincere and deep sense of  gratitude and indebtedness 
to the Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI) for 
providing financial support. The investigators also express 
their profound indebtedness and sincere gratitude to 
the Director General of  Bangladesh Fisheries Research 
Institute (BFRI), Mymensingh for his continuous 
support, encouragement and kind cooperation carrying 
out this research.

REFERENCE
Ahmed KK and Saha SB (1996). Length-weight 

relationships of  major carps in Kaptai Lake, 
Bangladesh. NAGA, 19(2), 22.

Ahmed MS, Sharif  ASM and Latifa GA (2008). Age, 
growth and mortality of  Hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha 
in the River Meghna, Bangladesh. Asian Journal of  Bio 
Science, 1, 69-76.

Amin S M N, Rahman, M. A., Haldar, G. C., Mazid, M. 
A. and Milton, D., (2002). Population dynamics and 
stock assessment of  Hilsa Shad in Bangladesh. Asian 
Fisheries Science, 15, 123-128.

Amin SMN, Arshad A, Haldar GC, Shohaimi S and Ara 
R (2005).Estimation of  Size Frequency Distribution, 
Sex Ratio and Length-Weight Relationship of  Hilsa 
(Tenualosa ilisha) in the Bangladesh Water. Research 
Journal of  Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 1(1), 61-66.

Amin SMN, Arshad A, Siraj SS and Japar SB (2009). 
Population structure, growth, mortality and yield per 
recruit of  segestid shrimp, Acetes japonicus from the 
coastal waters of  Malacca, Peninsular Malaysia. Indian 
Journal of  Marine Sciences, 38, 57-68.

Amin SMN, Rahman MA, Haldar GC, Mazid MA, Milton 
DA and Blaber SJM (2004). Stock Assessment and 
Management of  Tenualosa ilisha in Bangladesh. Asian 
Fisheries Society, 17, 50- 59.

Amin, S. M. N.; Rahman, M. A.; Haldar, G. C.; Nahar, 
S.; Dewan, S. and Mazid, M. A. (2000). Population 
dynamics of  Jatka (Juvenile Hilsa) in the Meghna 
River, Bangladesh. Asian Fish. Sci., 13(4), 383-390.

Bagenal, T.B. and F.W. Tesch, (1978). Methods of  Assessment 
of  Fish Production in Fresh Waters.IBP Handbook No 
3, 3rd ed. Oxford Blackwell Scientific Publication, 
London. 101- 136.

Bapat, S. V., Banerji, S. K. and D. V. Bal. (1951).
Observation on the biology of  Harpodonnenereus 
(Ham.). Journal of  the Zoological Society of  India, 3, 441-
456.

Beyer, J.E., (1987). On Length–Weight Relationships: 
Part 1Computing the Mean Weight of  the Fish of  a 
Given Length Class. Fishbyte, 5, 11-13.

Bhakta, D.; Meetei, W. A.; Vaisakh, G.; Kamble, S. P.; 
Solanki, J. K. and Das, S. K. (2019). Season-wise 

length-weight relationship and relative condition 
factor of  2020 Tenualosailisha (Hamilton, 1822) at 
Narmada estuary, Gujarat, India. Indian Journal of  
Marine Science, 48(05), 635-638.

Bhaumik, U., Naskar, M. and Sharma, A. P. 2011.Size 
distribution, length-weight relationship and sex ratio 
of  the Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) in the Hooghly estuarine 
system. Journal of  Inland Fishery Society, India, 
43(2): 1-5.

Coad BW, Hussaina NA, Ali TS and Limburg KE 
(2003).Biodiversity, Status and Conversation of  the 
World Shads. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, 
Maryland, 123P

De, D. K. and Datta N. C. (1990). Age, growth, length-
weight relationship and relative conditions in hilsa, 
Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton) from the Hooghly estuarine 
system. Indian Journal Fisheries, 37(3), 199-209.

De, D., Mukherjee, S., Anand, P. S. S., Kumar, Suresh, 
V. R., and Vijayan, K. K. (2019). Nutritional profiling 
of  hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) of  different size groups and 
sensory evaluation of  their adults from different 
riverine systems.Sci. Rep. 9, 19306. https://doi.
org/10.1038/s41598-019-55845-w.

DoF (Department of  Fisheries) (2019). National Fish 
Week 2019 Compendium (in Bangla). Department 
of  Fisheries, Ministry of  Fisheries and Livestock, 
Bangladesh.

DoF (Department of  Fisheries, (2014). Sharonika, 
Madsha Saptah-2012. Department of  Fisheries, 
Ministry of  Fisheries and Livestock, Government of  
Peoples Republic of  Bangladesh, 67-69.

Dutta, S., Maity, S., Chanda, A., Akhand, A. and S. 
Hazra, 2012.Length Weight Relationship of  Four 
Commercially Important Marine Fishes of  Northern 
Bay of  Bengal, West Bengal, India. Journal of  Applied 
Environmental, 2(1), 52-58.

Flura, M. Z.; Rahman, B. S.; Rahman, M. A.; Ashraful, 
M.; Alam, M. and Pramanik, M. H. (2015). Length-
weight relationship and GSI of  Hilsa, Tenualosa ilisha 
(Hamilton, 1822) fishes in Meghna river, Bangladesh. 
Int. J. Nat. Soc. Sci., 2(3): 82-88.

Freyhof, J. (2014). The IUCN Red List of  Threatened 
Species 2014. e.T166442A1132697,doi:10.2305/
IUCN.UK.20141.RLTS.T166442A1132697.en.

Froese (2006). Froese R. Cube law, condition factor and 
weight–length relationships: history, meta-analysis 
and recommendations. Journal of  Applied Ichthyology, 
22, 241–253. 

Fulton, T.W., (1904). The rate of  growth of  fishes. 
Twenty second Annual Report, Part III. Fisheries Board 
of  Scotland, Edinburgh, 141-241.

Guoping Z, Liuxiong XU, Yingqi Z and Liming S (2008). 
Reproductive Biology of  Yellowfin Tuna T. albacares 
in the West- Central Indian Ocean. Oceanic and Coastal 
Sea Research, 7(3), 327- 332.

Haldar GC (2008). Hilsa Fisheries Conservation, 
Development and Management Technique. 40.

Haldar, G. C.; Mazid, M. A.; Rahman, M. A. and 

https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajlsi


Pa
ge

 
27

https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajlsi

Am. J. Life Sci. Innov. 1(2) 21-28, 2022

Amin, S. M. N. (2001). The present status of  Hilsa 
(Tenualusa ilisha) fishery in Bangladesh. Proceedings 
of  the International Terubok Conference, Kuching, 
Sarawak, Malaysia: Sarawak Development Institute (SDI), 
52–64.

Hamilton, F. (1822). An account of  the fishes found in the river 
Ganges and its branches, 1, Archibald Constable.

Hossain, M. A.; Das, I.; Genevier, L.; Hazra, S.; Rahman, 
M.; Barange, M. and Fernandes, J. A. (2019). Biology 
and fisheries of  Hilsa shad in Bay of  Bengal Science. 
Total Environment, 651, 1720-1734.

Hossain, M. Y.; Arefin, M. S.; Mohmud, M. S.; Hossain, 
M. I.; Jewel, M. A. S.; Rahman, M. M.; Ahamed, F.; 
Ahmed, Z. F. and Ohtomi, J. (2013b). Length weight 
relationships, condition factor, gonadosomatic index 
based size at first sexual maturity, spawning season 
and fecundity of  Aspidoparia morar (Cyprinidae) in 
the Jamuna River (Brahmaputra River distributary), 
Northern Bangladesh Journal of   Applied Ichthyology, 29, 
1166-1169.

Hossain, M. Y.; Hossen, M. A.; Khatun, D.; Nawer, F.; 
Parvin, M. F.; Rahman, O. and Hossain, M. A. (2017).
Growth, condition, maturity and mortality of  the 
GangeticLeaffish Nandus nandus (Hamilton, 1822) 
in the Ganges River (Northwestern Bangladesh). 
Jordan Journal Biological Science, 10, 57-62.

Hossain, M. Y.; Jasmine, S.; Ibrahim, A. H. M.; Ahmed, 
Z. F.; Rahman, M. M. and Ohtomi, J. (2009). Length-
weight and length-length relationships of  10 small 
fish species from the Ganges, Bangladesh. Journal of  
Applied Ichthyology, 25, 117–119.

Hossain, M. Y.; Naser, S. M. A.; Bahkali, A. H.; Yahya, 
K.; Hossen, M. A. and Elgorban, A. M. (2016). Life 
history traits of  the flying barb Esomus danricus 
(Hamilton, 1822) (Cyprinidae) in the Ganges River, 
northwestern Bangladesh. Pakistan Journal Zoology, 48, 
399-408.

Hossain, M. Y.; Rahman, M. M.; Ahamed, F.; Ahmed, 
Z. F. and Ohtomi, J. (2014). Length weight and 
length length relationships and form factor of  
three threatened fishes from the Ganges River (NW 
Bangladesh). Journal Applied Ichthyology, 30(1), 221-224.

Hossain, M. Y.; Rahman, M. M.; Jewel, M. A. S.; Hossain, 
M. A.; Ahamed, F.; Tumpa, A. S.; Abdallah, E. M. and 
Ohtomi, J. (2013a). Life history traits of  the critically 
endangered catfish Eutropiichthys vacha (Hamilton 
1822) in the Jamuna (Brahmaputra River distributary) 
River, Northern Bangladesh. Sains Malays., 42, 265-
277.

Islam MM, Islam N, Sunny AR, Jentoft S, Ullah MH, 
Sharifuzzaman SM (2015). Fishers’ perceptions of  the 
performance of  hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha) sanctuaries 
in Bangladesh, Ocean & Coastal Management, 130, 309-
316

Islam, M. S.; Huq, Q. M.; Hossain, M.; Azad, S. A. and 
Das, N. N. (1987). Maturity and spawning of   Hilsa 
shad, Hilsa ilisha, of  Bangladesh. Hilsa Investigations 
of  Bangladesh, Bay of  Bengal Programme, BOBP/

REP/36, pp. 81-95.
Khan, M. A., Kumar, Dhirendra and Sinha, Ranjana, 

(2001). On some biological aspects of  Tenulosa ilisha 
(Hamilton-Buchanan) from Hooghly estuary, Indian 
Journal of  Inland Fishery Society, India, 33(1), 38 - 44.

King, M., 2007. Fisheries Biology, assessment and management. 
2nd edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. 
189-192.

King, R.P., 1996. Length-weight relationship of  Nigeria 
freshwater fishes. Naga ICLARM Quaterly, 19(3), 49-
52.

Kulbicki, M., Guillemot, N. and M. Amand, (2005). A 
general approach to length-weight relationships for 
New Caledonian Lagoon fishes.Cybium, 29, 235- 252.

LeCren, E.D. (1951). The Length-weight relationship and 
seasonal cycle in gonad weight and condition in the 
perch (Perca fluviatilis). Journal Animal Ecology, 20(1) 
, 201-219.

Mahmood, K., Ayub,A., Moazzam, M. and Siddiqui, G. 
(2012). Length-weight relationship and condition 
factor of  Ilisha melastoma (Clupeiformes: 
Pristigasteridae) of  Pakistan. Pakistan Journal Zoology, 
44(1), pp. 71-77

Mandal, S.; Lal, K. K.; Singh, R. K.; Sah, R. S.; Jena, J. 
K.; Singh, A. and Mohindra, V. (2018). Comparative 
length-weight relationship and condition factor of  
Hilsa shad Tenualosailisha (Hamilton, 1822) from 
freshwater, estuarine and marine environments in 
India. Indian Journal of  Fisheries, 65(2), 33-41.

Mathur, P. K. (1964). Studies on the maturity and fecundity 
of  the Hilsa, Hilsa ilisha (Ham.) in the upper stretches 
of  the Ganga. Indian Journal of  Fisheries, 11, 423-448.

Mazid MAM, Rahman J and Mustafa MG (2007). Source 
and abundance of  Jatka (juvenile hilsa, Tenualosa ilisha) 
in the Gajnerbeel, Sujanagar, Pabna. Bangladesh Journal 
of  Fisheries, 30, 37-51.

Mohanty, N. and Nayak, L. (2017). Studies on length-
weight relationship and condition factor of  Hilsa 
ilisha from Chilika Lake, Odisha. International Journal 
of  Fish and Aquatic Studies, 5(3), 35-38.

Mondal S , Behera S , Kumar S,Nagesh TS , Talwar N. 
A., Gogoi R, Das A, Sarkar S (2015). Length-Weight 
Relationships And Condition Factors Of  Big Eye 
Hilsa, Ilisha Megaloptera From Estuarine Region Of  
Diamond Harbour, West Bengal. International Journal 
of  Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, 2(5).

Moutopoulos, D.K. and K.I. Stergiou, (2002). Length-
weight and length-length relationships of  fish 
species from Aegean Sea (Greece). Journal of  Applied 
Ichthyology, 18, 200-203.

Narejo NT, Lashari PK and Jafri SIH (2008). 
Morphometric and Meristic Differences Between 
Two Types of  Palla, Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton) from 
River Indus, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of  Zoology, 40(1), 
31-35.

Nath, A. K. (2013). Studies on Hilsa Fisheries in Hooghly 
estuarine system of  West Bengal, India.Ugc Major 
Research Project Department of  Zoology Serampore 

https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajlsi


Pa
ge

 
28

https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajlsi

Am. J. Life Sci. Innov. 1(2) 21-28, 2022

College Hooghly, West Bengal, India.72-78.
Nibedita M and Lakshman N (2017). Studies on length-

weight relationship and condition factor of  Hilsa 
ilisha from Chilika Lake, Odisha. International Journal 
of  Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 5(3), 35-38.

Nima, A.; Hossain, M.Y.; Rahman, M. A.; Mawa, Z.; 
Hasan, M.R.; Islam, M.A.; Rahman, M.A.; Tanjin, 
S.; Sabbir, W., Bashar, M.A.; Mahmud, Y (2020). 
Temporal variations of  length, weight and condition 
of  Hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) in the 
Meghna River, Southeastern Bangladesh. Egyptian 
Journal of  Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, 24(2), 38 –394.

Nurul Amin, S. M., Arshad, A., Haldar, G. C., Shohaimi, 
S. and Ara, R. (2005). Estimation of  size frequency 
distribution, sex ratio and length-weight relationship of  
hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) in the Bangladesh water. Research 
Journal of  Agricultural Biological Science, 1(1), 61-66.

Orhan, A.K., Kutlu, S. and Aydın1., I.(2009). Length-
weight relationship for 16 fish species from the 
Eastern Black Sea, Türkiye. Turkish Journal of  Fisheries 
and Aquatic Sciences 9, 125-126.

Panhwar Sk, Siddiqui G and Zarrien A (2011). 
Reproductive pattern and some biological features of  
anadromous fish Tenualosa ilisha from Pakistan. Indian 
Journal of  Geo- Marine Sciences, 40(5), 687-696.

Parida S, Karna SK, Pradhan SK, Bhatta KS, Guru BC 
et al. Length-Weight relationship and condition factor 
of  Liza macrolepis (1946). in Chilika lagoon, Odisha, 
India. Journal of  Global Biosciences, 2(5), 116-120.  

Pauly, D., (1993). Fishbyte section. Editorial.Naga.
ICLARM Quart, 16(26), 26.

Pervin, M.R. and M.G. Mortuza, (2008). Notes on length-
weight relationship and condition factor of  freshwater 
fish, Labeo boga (Hamilton) (Cypriniformes: 
Cyprinidae). University Journal of  Zoology Rajshahi 
University, 27, 97-98.

Quddus MMA, Shimizu M and Nose Y (1984a). Meristic 
and morphometric differences between two types of  
Hilsa ilisha in Bangladesh waters. Bulletin of  the Japanese 
Society of  Scientific Fisheries, 50(1), 43- 49.

Quddus MMA, Shimizu M and Nose Y (1984b). 
Comparison of  age and growth of  two types of  Hilsa 
ilisha in Bangladesh waters. Bulletin of  the Japanese 
Society of  Scientific Fisheries, 50(2), 177-181.

Rahman MJ and Cowx IG (2006). Lunar periodicity in 
growth increment formation in otoliths of  hilsa shad 
(Tenualosa ilisha, Clupeidae) in Bangladesh waters. 
Journal of  Fisheries Science, 81, 342-344.

Rahman, M. A.; Amin, S. M. N. and Haldar, G. C. 

(1999). Some aspects of  population dynamics of  
adult Tenualosa ilisha from Barisal coastal region of  
Bangladesh. Journal Asiatic Society, Bangladesh, 25, 225-
233.

Rahman, M. A.; Islam, M. S.; Mazid, M. A.; Moula, G. and 
Rahman, M. J. (1998). On the spawning biology of  
Hilsa, Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton) of  the river Meghna 
near Chandpur. Bangladesh. J. Fish., 21, 77 –81.

Reuben, S.; Dan, S. S.; Somaraju, M. V.; Phillipose, V. and 
Sathianandan, T. V. (1992). The resources of  Hilsa 
shad, Hilsa ilisha (Hamilton) along the northeast 
coast of  India. Indian J. Fish., 39(3 & 4), 169-181.

Richter, T.J., (2007). Development and evaluation of  
standard weight equations for bridge lip suckers and 
large scale suckers. North American Journal of  Fisheries 
Management, 27, 936-939.

Roomiani, L, Sotudeh AM and Hakimi Mofrad R, (2014). 
Reproductive biology of  Hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha) 
in coastal Waters of  the Northwest of  Persian Gulf. 
Iranian Journal of  Fisheries Sciences, 13(1), 201-215.

Roomiani, L. and Jamili, S. (2011). Population Dynamics 
and Stock Assessment of  Hilsa Shad, Tenualosailisha 
in Iran (Khuzestan Province). Journal of  Fisheries and  
Aquatic Science, 6(2), 151-160.

Rypel, A. L. and Richter, T. J. (2008). Empirical percentile 
standard weight equation for the Blacktailredhorse. 
North American Journal of  Fisheries Management., 28, 
1843-1846.

Sarkar, S.; Das, S. K. and Bhakta, D. (2017). Length Weight 
Relationship and Relative Condition Factor of  Indian 
Shad, Tenualosa ilisha from Hooghly Estuary System, 
West Bengal. J. Inland Fish. Soc. India, 49(1), 22-26.

Sarkar, S.; Das, S. K. and Bhakta, D. (2017). Length 
Weight Relationship and Relative Condition Factor 
of  Indian Shad, Tenualosa ilisha from Hooghly Estuary 
System, West Bengal. Journal of  Inland Fisheries Society, 
India, 49(1), 22-26.

Shafi, M. and Quddus, M. M. A. (1984). Bangladesher 
Mathso Shampad (Fisheries of  Bangladesh) 1st edn. Bangla 
Academy, Dacca, Bangladesh.

Thomas, J.S., Venu, S. and B.M. Kurup, (2003). Length- 
weight relationship of  some deep-sea fish inhabiting 
the continental slope beyond 250m depth along the 
West Coast of  India. NAGA 26(2), 17-21.

Zhang J, Takita T and Zhang C (2009). Reproductive 
biology of  Ilisha elongate (Teleostei: Pristigasteridae) 
in Ariake Sound, Japan: Implications for estuarine 
fish conservation in Asia. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf  
Science, 81, 105–113.

https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajlsi

