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 American Journal of Medical and Physical Education 
Vol.8, Issue 4; July-August 2023; 

ISSN: 2994-0524 

Impact Factor: 6.14 

1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States 

https://topjournals.org/index.php/AJMPE; mail: topacademicjournals@gmail.com 

 

 

 

 

1 | A m e r i c a n  J o u r n a l  o f  M e d i c a l  a n d  P h y s i c a l  E d u c a t i o n  

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UNRAVELING THE WISDOM OF "JINGYUE QUANSHU PHLEGM 

DRINKS" IN TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 
 

 
1Dr. Wei Zhang, 2Prof. Li Mei, and 3Dr. Xin Chen 
1North China University of Science and Technology 
2Tangshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine 
3Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 

 

Abstract: Phlegm, as described in traditional Chinese medicine, represents a pathological manifestation arising 

from disruptions in bodily fluid metabolism, characterized by its sticky, viscous nature and tendency to obstruct 

the normal flow of bodily functions. Its presence can lead to various health issues, including disturbances in 

cognition, impaired blood flow, and even the development of tumors. This article delves into the historical and 

theoretical aspects of phlegm-related conditions, shedding light on their multifaceted nature. 

Keywords: Traditional Chinese Medicine, Phlegm, Bodily Fluid Metabolism,,Pathological Manifestation, Health 

Implications 

 

 

1. Introduction  

The "phlegm" described by traditional Chinese medicine is the pathological product of body fluid metabolism 

disorders and qi and blood stasis. It is characterized by poor flow, stickiness, foul secretion, Accumulation of 

condensation, Pathogenic weirdness. And it also has the characteristics of disturbing the mind, Blocking the flow 

of blood, blocking the brain, leading to tumor formation by the Accumulation [1]. There were first records of 

"water drinking" and "Ji drinking" in the Neijing. Zhang Zhongjing of the Eastern Han Dynasty in his Synopsis 

of the Golden Chamber pioneered the name of phlegm drinking disease, but it has its limitations detailed in 

drinking and slightly in phlegm. In the theory of various diseases described the etiology, pathogenesis and types 

of sputum in detail. renzhai zhi zhi fang pointed out that "phlegm and drinking, by self, its shape is also different, 

the nature of phlegm is viscous, drinking is water" [2]. Zhang Jingyue's discussion on phlegm retention is detailed 

and thorough. He advocated that phlegm retention and body fluid are of the same origin, both of which are changed 

by cereal essence. If it is positive, it will be collected in the blood gas, strong body, and supplement the battalion 

and Ying-wei. If it is not positive, it will cause the disease of zangfu, and the imbalance of body fluid will lead to 

phlegm and salivation [3]. Zhang believed that although phlegm and drink belong to the same species, their essence 

is also different. Drinkingis a kind of waterdampness, its texture is clear and thin, mostly due to the feeling of 

cold dampness, lost in transport by the spleen and stomach, or stay in the limbs, chest and skin. Phlegm is mainly 

composed of condensed body fluid, its quality is thick and sticky, and it is often caused by feelin of the fire and 

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heat. It can be produced even if the five viscera are damaged, and it can be found everywhere with the rise and 

fall of human qi [4]. The disease of phlegm retention can occur repeatedly, and even spread to the whole body, 

showing symptoms such as wheezing, chest tightness, vomiting, limb numbness, head dizziness, and so on. It is 

inseparable from the five zangfu, nine orifices and three jiao of human body. According to modern medicine, 

phlegm turbidity is closely related to obesity, hyperlipidemia, abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, and abnormal 

hemorheology, and accumulation drink is close to airway mucus  

hypersecretion, pleural effusion, and pericardial effusion in respiratory diseases [5].   

2. Data and methods  

2.1. Data Collection and Specifications  

Collect the prescriptions involved in JingYueQuanShu · phlegm retention, and the name of the drug in the 

prescription shall uniformly refer to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. For example, "wheat gate winter" is unified as 

"wheat winter", "white Poria" cocos" is "Poria", "raw licorice" is unified as "licorice" and so on.   

2.2. Data processing and verification  

Using Office Excel 2019, the database of 111 prescriptions was established according to the software 

requirements. And upload the data to the "TCM inheritance computing platform V3. 0". Inorder to avoid possible 

errors in the single entry, after all the entry, two people will check theinput data to ensure the correct data.   

3. Results and analysis  

3.1. Frequency of medication   

Statistics on the frequency of 111 prescriptions in JingYueQuanShu · phlegm retention. The drugs with 

frequency ≥8 were imported into the Excel table and the following conclusions were drawn, Drugs with frequency 

≥8 had 20 flavors, as shown in Table 1.   

Table 1: Analysis of medication frequency in JingYueQuanShu · phlegm retention (frequency ≥8)  

order 

number  
medicinal  frequency  

order 

number  
medicinal  frequency  

1  Pinellia ternata  50  11  Radices saussureae  11  

2  Poria cocos  47  12  Rhizoma alismatis  11  

3  
Pericarpium citri 

reticulatae  
39  13  Bile arisaema  10  

4  

Bighead 

atractylodes 

rhizome  

34  14  Angelica sinensis  10  

5  Liquorice  30  15  Rhizoma zingiberis  10  

6  Ginseng  27  16  Rhizoma arisaematis  10  

7  Ginger  27  17  
Fructus aurantii 

immaturus  
9  

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 American Journal of Medical and Physical Education 
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ISSN: 2994-0524 

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8  Prepared licorice  22  18  Syzygium aromaticum  9  

9  
Radix rehmanniae 

praeparata  
19  19  Fructus ziziphi jujubae  8  

10  
Scutellaria 

baicalensis  
11  20  Cinnabar  8  

3.2. Four Gas, five flavors and channel tropism   

By analyzing the summary of each flavor of medicine, we can derive the distribution of all the four gas, five 

flavors and channel tropism, export the results to Excel, and draw a radar chart. The results showed that warm 

Chinese drugs were applied the most (367 times), followed by flat (146 times) and cold (125 times), see Figure 

1; pungent Chinese drugs were applied the most (358 times), followed by sweet (312 times) and bitter (311 times), 

see Figure 2;1hinese drugs attributed to the spleen meridian were applied the most (501 times), followed by the 

lung meridian (452 times) and the stomach meridian (309 times), see Figure 3.  

  

Figure 1: Four Gas Statistical Radar Chart   

  
Figure 2: Five Flavors Statistical Radar Chart   

  
Figure 3: Channel tropism Statistical radar Chart diagram   

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 American Journal of Medical and Physical Education 
Vol.8, Issue 4; July-August 2023; 

ISSN: 2994-0524 

Impact Factor: 6.14 

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3.3. Efficacy statistics  

The efficacy frequency of the drugs used in the 111 prescriptions was counted, and the results were exported 

to Excel to draw the bar chart, as shown in Figure 4.. The analysis results show that:The deficiency supplementing 

formula were used most frequently, followed by phlegm-expelling formula (107 times) and carminative 

formula(85 times).   

  
Figure 4: Efficacy statistics  

3.4. Analysis of square rules based on association rules  

The "number of support" was set to 11, and the confidence level was set to 0. 8. 29 groups of drug combinations 

with frequency ≥ 11 were obtained, and the results are shown in Table 2, and the core drug combinations were 

networked and displayed in Figure 5. 7 association rules with confidence level ≥ 80% were obtained, and the 

results are shown in Table 3.   

Table 2: Analysis of core combinations of medicines used in Jing Yue Quan Shu - Phlegm Drink  

(support ≥11)  

No.  Drug combinations  Frequency  No.  Drug combinations  Frequency 

1  
Pinellia ternata, pericarpium citri 

reticulatae  
26  16  

pericarpium citri reticulatae,  

Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata  
13  

2  
Poria cocos, pericarpium citri 

reticulatae  
26  17  

Poria cocos, pericarpium citri 

reticulatae, liquorice  
13  

3  Pinellia ternata, Poria cocos  26  18  
Rhizoma Atractylodis 

Macrocephalae, liquorice  
13  

4  
Poria cocos, Rhizoma 

Atractylodis Macrocephalae  
24  19  

Rhizoma Atractylodis 

Macrocephalae, Dried Ginger  
12  

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 American Journal of Medical and Physical Education 
Vol.8, Issue 4; July-August 2023; 

ISSN: 2994-0524 

Impact Factor: 6.14 

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5  Poria cocos, liquorice  20  20  

Poria cocos, pericarpium citri 

reticulatae, Rhizoma  

Atractylodis Macrocephalae  

12  

6  Pinellia ternata, ginger  19  21  
pericarpium citri reticulatae,  

Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata  
12  

7  
Pinellia ternata, Poria cocos, 

pericarpium citri reticulatae  
19  22  

Poria cocos, pericarpium citri 

reticulatae, ginseng  
12  

8  Poria cocos, ginseng  18  23  
Pinellia ternata, Poria cocos, 

liquorice  
12  

9  

Rhizoma Atractylodis 

Macrocephalae, ginseng  18  24  

Poria cocos, Radix 

Glycyrrhizae  

Preparata  

12  

10  
pericarpium citri reticulatae, 

liquorice  
16  25  Pinellia ternata, Dried Ginger  11  

11  Pinellia ternata, liquorice  15  26  

Poria cocos, Rhizoma  

Atractylodis Macrocephalae, 

liquorice  

11  

12  

Poria cocos, Rhizoma 

Atractylodis Macrocephalae, 

ginseng  

15  27  Pinellia ternata, ginseng  11  

13  

pericarpium citri reticulatae,  

Rhizoma Atractylodis 

Macrocephalae  

15  28  liquorice, ginseng  11  

14  
pericarpium citri reticulatae, 

ginseng 
  14  29  

pericarpium citri reticulatae, 

ginger  
11  

15  Poria cocos, ginger  13        

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 American Journal of Medical and Physical Education 
Vol.8, Issue 4; July-August 2023; 

ISSN: 2994-0524 

Impact Factor: 6.14 

1252 Columbia Rd NW, Washington DC, United States 

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Figure 5: Network diagram of medication combination core associations (support 11, confidence 0. 8)  

Table 3: Analysis of medication association rules (80% confidence)  

No. 

  

  

Rules  

confidence level  

1  pericarpium citri reticulatae, ginseng->Poria cocos  0. 86  

2  Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, liquorice->Poria cocos  0. 85  

3  Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, ginseng->Poria cocos  0. 83  

4  Poria cocos, ginseng->Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae  0. 83  

5  pericarpium citri reticulatae, liquorice->Poria cocos  0. 81  

6  
pericarpium citri reticulatae, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae-

>Poria cocos  
0. 8  

7  Pinellia ternata, liquorice->Poria cocos  0. 8  

3.5. Analysis of new prescriptions based on K-means clustering  

The "number of clusters (K)" was set to 4, and the extracted combinations yielded 4 possible potential core 

drug combinations. The results are shown in Table 4. The schematic diagram of K-means algorithm and regression 

model is shown in Figure 6.   

Table 4: New combinations of medicine clustering analysis in Jing Yue Quan Shu - Phlegm Drink  

No.  New combination  

1  
Pinellia ternata, Poria cocos, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, pericarpium citri reticulatae, 

liquorice, ginseng  

2  
ginger, Pinellia ternata, rhizoma arisaematis, Poria cocos, pericarpium citri reticulatae, Radix 

Glycyrrhizae Preparata  

3  
ginseng, Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata, Poria cocos, Angelica sinensis, Rhizoma Atractylodis 

Macrocephalae  

4  arisaema cum bile, rheum officinale, kanziol, semen armeniacae amarae, semen brassicae, bezoar  

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Figure 6: Cluster analysis regression model Fig  

4. Discussion  

To sum up the results of this study, the main ideas of Jing Yue's treatment of phlegm drink are: reinforcing 

premodial qi, simultaneous application of cooling and tonifying therapy, Yin and Yang mutual aid, Disease 

presentation and root cause are not treated simultaneously, warmly invigorating spleen and stomach.   

Jing Yue's treatment of phlegm focuses on nourishing vitality, if it is strong, the phlegm will be less, if the 

vitality is declined the cereal essence and body fluid can become phlegm [6]. It is important to distinguish the 

essence of vitality, Strong vitality, the spleen and stomach can be transported properly, Making the water and 

grain essence micromatter into qi, blood and body fluidtransfusion in the whole body. As is known to all, the lung 

plays an important role in the transportation of phlegm and drinking. Combined with the combination of high-

frequency medication, we can understand the idea of Jingyue. Those who damage the lung should be given qitonic 

drugs, and the lung qi is full, and the remaining dirty gas is flourishing. And modern studies show that ginseng 

has the effect of improving memory, anti-aging and regulating immunity [7]. In addition, the wide use of licorice, 

hot licorice, its taste to sweet, cool and warm. Pharmacological studies show that licorice has anti-tumor, anti-

inflammatory sterilization, anti-virus, anti-heart failure, immune regulation and anti-fibrosis [8].   

Pay attention to the use of cleaning and supplementing, has been certified by many scholars [9-10], The phlegm 

drinking described in Zhongjing is actually a drinking certificate, He put forward "sick phlegm drink, should 

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warm medicine and it" for the later treatment of phlegm drink. Pinellia pinellia and tangerine peel compatibility 

can warm phlegm drinking, clinical commonly used to treat cough phlegm, qi nausea and other evidence, Pinellia 

pinellia [11] has significant antitumor effects, while tangerine peel [12] has good effects on lowering blood lipid and 

reducing phlegm. Combined with heat-clearing drugs, such as Scutellaria baicalensis in high-frequency drugs, its 

taste is bitter and cold, qi is light than taste, bitter than cold, which belongs to the micro Yang in Yin. Many 

studies [13] have shown that baicalein, Han baicalein and its glycosides have pharmacological activities such as 

anti-tumor, anti-virus, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, liver protection and neuroprotection.   

Pay attention to the harmony of Yin and Yang. The treatment of Yang deficiency, The medicine of tonifying 

kidney and nourishing essence is equipped with nourishing qi and warming Yang medicine to achieve the effect 

of harmonizing Yin and Yang. Pharmacological studies [14] show that the active ingredients of Prepared rehmannia 

have the function of anti-aging and enhancing body immunity. This not only reflected Jing Yue's thought of 

cultivating and reinforcing Yinessence, but also reflected his wonderful principle of the mutualism of Yin and 

Yang. Just as JingYue said, "The use of nourishing Yin is the cultivation of Yang. The best way to help Yang isto 

cultivate Yin and Yang" [15].  

The treatment of phlegm should investigate the deficiency and treat both the symptoms and the root cause [16]. 

Solid phlegm disease light shallow, to go quickly, insufficient for fear, and empty phlegm always by the deficiency 

of the viscera, gradually become, the disease is difficult totreat, remove also slow. Through the analysis of core 

drug combination and association rules, Jingyue makes good use of four gentleman soup for virtual phlegm, 

Studies [17] have shown that sijunzi decoction has pharmacological effects on promoting the absorption of 

intestinal nutrientsand improving body immunity. And the man is young and strong, Or because of the wine and 

meat thick taste, or because of the physical gas hot and heat, or because of wind resistance closed muscle Cou, or 

because of the liver gas on the reverse obstruction, causing phlegm drink, itsvitality is full, appropriate 

elimination, can be attacked. Witness its thought [18] "without deficiency evidence and phlegm, dispel its damp 

stagnation phlegm since clear, appropriate two Chen soup Lord". Modern studies [19] believe that, phlegm and 

dampness is the pathological factor of metabolic diseases, and erchen soup can intervene in the process of 

metabolic diseases through dryness, dampness and phlegm.   

All five viscera can produce phlegm, but the source of phlegm is nothing more than spleen and kidney, High-

frequency traditional Chinese medicine, poria cocos, sweet and light taste, flat qi. Sex drop and infiltration, Yang 

in the Yin also. atractylodes, sweet taste, temperature, Yin in Yang, blood in gas. Its nature is warm and dry, so it 

can replenish qi and replenish Yang and blood, warm stomach and valley, benefit jin fluid, long muscles, solid 

spleen and stomach, dehumidification and transport phlegm. Atractylodes macrocephala, sweet and pungent in 

taste, iswarm, with yin in yang and blood in qi. It is warm and dry in nature, so it can benefit the qi and nourish 

the yang and generate blood, warm the stomach and eliminate grain, benefit the fluids, grow muscles, strengthen 

the spleen and stomach, remove dampness and transport phlegm, eliminate floating and dispel swelling. 

Pharmacological research points out that [20] Poria cocos can strengthen the spleen by intervening intestinal flora, 

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 American Journal of Medical and Physical Education 
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ISSN: 2994-0524 

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while Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae [21] has the function of protecting liver, regulating immunity and 

spleen and stomach. Therefore, the first phlegm warm spleen strong kidney, phlegm is not treated and go.   

Four new prescriptions were obtained based on K-means clustering analysis: (1) Pinellia ternata-Poria cocos-

Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae-pericarpium citri reticulatae- liquorice- ginseng, (2) ginger-Pinellia ternata-

rhizoma arisaematis-Poria cocos-pericarpium citri reticulatae- liquorice, (3) ginseng-liquorice-Poria cocos-

Angelica sinensis-Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae-Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, (4) arisaema cum bile-rheum 

officinale-kanziol-semen armeniacae amarae-semen brassicae-bezoar.   

In this paper, the author shows the medication rule of Zhang Jingyue to treat phlegm retentionThe author's 

research on the treatment of sputum drinking disease is still unsatisfactory. First of all, the cognitive aspect is 

relatively narrow, mostly theoretical expression, and the lack of in-depth analysis and summary in the specific 

application, Secondly, Zhang Jingyue's overall academic thought is inseparable. This research is devoted to the 

book of Jingyue Quanshu, which ignores the mining and analysis of the relevant contents of Zhang's other works, 

and more attention should be paid to the internal relevance of his academic thoughts.   

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