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American Journal of  Medical 
Science and Innovation (AJMSI) 

Use of  Electronic Logbook Based on Mobile Learning in Clinical Learning among 
Nursing Students

Miming Oxyandi1*, Santhna Letchmi Panduragan1, Faridah Mohd Said1, Muhamad Andika Sasmita Saputra2

Volume 2 Issue 2, Year 2023
ISSN: 2836-8509 (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmsi.v2i2.2095
https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajmsi

Article Information ABSTRACT

Received: October 01, 2023
Accepted: November 04, 2023
Published: November 07, 2023

Filling out the Logbook in the clinical learning process in Indonesia is still mostly 
conversational, characterized by filling in the Logbook, which still needs to be integrated. 
So, it requires an innovation in media technology that is currently popular, namely the use 
of  mobile learning, which has more accurate information and communication capacity and 
is broader in space and time. Furthermore, it can carry out faster reporting. This study aims 
to analyze mobile learning-based Electronic Logbook (E-Logbook) in clinical learning. This 
type of  research is Research and Development (R&D). The research product development 
design uses the ADDIE model, which will be carried out from April 2021 to March 2023 
with research instruments to test product practicality by users. The sampling technique 
was Purposive Sampling with a case study of  30 nursing students. Based on the results of  
this study, the use of  the E-Logbook in the mobile learning-based clinical learning process 
obtained product practicality test results of  85.05% in the practical category. It can be used 
in nursing clinical learning in Indonesia to make it easier to record data from activities 
carried out, information materials, documentation, and evaluation processes based on 
digital archives that are more accurate in the process of  assessing nursing students’ clinical 
competency achievements based on quantitative nursing student activity achievements with 
details of  clinical competency achievements effectively and efficiently.

Keywords
Electronic Logbook, Mobile 
Learning, Clinical Learning, 
Nursing Students

1 Faculty of  Nursing, Lincoln University College, Malaysia
2 Department of  Nursing, STIKes ‘Aisyiyah Palembang, Indonesia
* Corresponding author’s e-mail: moxyandi.phdscholar@lincoln.edu.my

INTRODUCTION
Clinical learning is a crucial component that nursing 
students must undergo to train skills, increase knowledge, 
and develop nursing students’ professionalism in a 
clinical setting (Bouchlaghem & Mansouri, 2018). It can 
impact the quality of  clinical learning and health services 
in the future. However, clinical learning in Indonesia’s 
implementation is still largely conventional, one of  which 
is manual Logbook filling. According to Ibrahim (2016), 
The difficulty encountered when using a manual logbook 
is that when searching for information that has been 
going on for quite a long time, you need to be careful in 
opening each page to get the desired information. Apart 
from that, there are also difficulties in sharing with other 
colleagues who want to know information about previous 
activities or events. Another thing that also concerns us 
is the concern that information will be lost due to the 
logbook being exposed to liquid or missing pages. So, 
it becomes a challenge and problem in the learning 
process. According to Berame et al. (2022), Challenges 
and problems in educating students cannot be avoided. 
However, one important thing is the knowledge that 
students can gain in the use of  all types of  technological 
innovation.
Therefore, we need an innovative media technology that 
is currently popular, namely mobile learning, which has 
more accurate information and communication capacity 
and is unlimited in time and space. Moreover, it can carry 
out faster reporting. Using mobile learning has many 
advantages. Mobile learning, as smartphone-based, can 
help in the health education process in the health service 

process (Kezelee et al., 2023). Mobile learning is also a 
very effective learning method because it is student-
centered and allows nursing students to learn and access 
information anytime and anywhere because it is portable 
or Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). Yalcinkaya & Yucel 
(2023); Kim & Suh (2018) Kenny et al., (2020). Electronic 
logbooks also come in various forms, such as computers, 
programs on websites, software, and applications on 
iOS or Android. Judging by appearance, logbooks are 
divided into landscape, portrait, and virtual displays, 
with creations emphasizing convenience, simplicity, and 
aesthetics. Electronic Logbooks can also be used in 
any area, including the nursing service area (Schuttpelz-
Brauns et al., 2016).
E-logbooks can also overcome problems in nursing 
education related to the accumulation of  evaluations at 
the end of  the semester. Teachers who use E-Logbooks 
can access them anytime and anywhere to monitor 
student performance and provide direct feedback (Cevik 
et al, 2018). Monitoring and analysis of  E-logbooks have 
been used in service areas, from education to research, 
with the same functions of  documentation, reporting, 
and performance evaluation. E-Logbooks can also 
change teaching and learning activities and guide future 
curriculum modifications to improve nursing quality 
(Fatemeh & Alavinia, 2014). Apart from that, E-logbooks 
have the advantage of  being digital in inputting activity 
records, collecting data more clearly, and being easy to 
carry anytime and anywhere without limits. It is supported 
by a digital assistant personnel system (Shayan, Mosavi, & 
Yousefy, 2012). Therefore, developing E-books based on 



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mobile learning is an alternative to overcoming students’ 
learning problems. Mobile learning is learning that uses 
Communication and Information Technology. Mobile 
learning can be done with distance learning, making 
clinical learning easier.
Based on the description above, researchers can 
develop and research the use of  mobile Learning-Based 
Electronic Logbooks (E-Logbooks) in clinical learning 
among nursing students in the clinical learning area. So 
that it can facilitate the management of  the learning 
process, evaluation, documentation, interaction, and 
access information in an integrated and real-time manner 
in the implementation of  the clinical education learning 
process, where the mobile learning offered can be accessed 
anywhere using a smartphone or browser, having a more 
comfortable user experience or interaction.

LITERATURE REVIEW
E-Logbook
A Logbook is a notebook or document that students 
need to document in detail all activities in the process 
of  learning. It contains personal identity, competency 
information, daily notes, learning activity notes, 
student reflections, assessment sheets, research sheets, 
questionnaires, and lecturer and supervisor supervision 
sheets. Outline: There are two forms of  Logbooks, 
namely manual and electronic. Manual Logbooks can 
include several types, such as books, notes, paperwork, 
etcetera. There is also a form of  electronic Logbook using 
programs on websites, software websites, or Android 
applications (Andry & Wijaya, 2020).
The advantages and disadvantages of  an E-Logbook are 
that inputting activity records and collecting data is more 
straightforward to carry anytime and anywhere without 
limits. It is supported by a PDA (Personnel Digital 
Assistant) system. The weaknesses are also explained by 
the technical aspects of  the E-Logbook and the limited 
number of  users in digital applications (Shayan, Mosavi, 
& Yousefy, 2012). According to Ullah et al. (2019); 
Komsiyah & Indarti (2019), E-Logbooks are very good 
for documentation as a monitoring and evaluation tool for 
the implementation of  clinical competencies to increase 
comfort and flexibility in the activity documentation 
process. Meanwhile, research by Martha & Soepriyanto 
(2018). Mobile Learning-Based E-books can help 
students increase their attention to learning material so 
that the learning process seems more interesting.

Mobile Learning
M-learning or Mobile Learning is learning using mobile 
devices such as PDAs, mobile phones, laptops, and 
other information technology equipment (Ariesto Hadi 
Sutopo, 2012). The advantage of  m-learning is that 
learning can access materials, guides, and applications 
related to learning that can be accessed anytime and 
anywhere. According to Wang, Liao, & Yang, (2013). 
Mobile applications allow users to connect to internet 

services that are usually accessed via a PC or notebook, 
and mobile applications can help access internet services 
using their mobile devices.
Another advantage of  using mobile-based teaching 
media is that the price is relatively cheaper than a 
Personal Computer (PC) or laptop. With a lower price, 
a smartphone has almost the same advantages as a 
PC, namely that it can display multimedia elements in 
the form of  text, video, sound, animation, and others. 
Entertainment and others. The weaknesses of  Android 
mobile-based smartphones in learning are limited image 
resolution, battery life, and lack of  support for several file 
types for operation (Aripin, 2018).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Research Design
The design in this research is descriptive research with a 
Research and Development (R&D) approach to produce 
a product in the form of  a mobile learning-based 
E-Logbook. The design for the development of  this 
mobile learning-based clinical learning Logbook product 
uses the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, 
and Evaluation (ADDIE) model.

Setting and Sample
The research location was carried out in one of  the nursing 
science study programs in the city of  Palembang, Indonesia. 
The time of  the research was carried out from April 2021 
to March 2023. The sampling technique was Purposive 
Sampling with a sample size of  30 nursing students.

Ethical Considerations
This research passed the Ethical Clearance examination 
at the Health Ethics Commission, Sriwijaya University, 
Palembang, Indonesia, with the protocol certificate of  
ethical approval number 287-2022, with the result of  
exempt status on December 2, 2022.

Instrument Development
Instruments in developing an E-Logbook for clinical 
learning based on mobile learning, namely: Test the 
practicality of  the product by the primary user (students) 
consisting of  which consists of  assessment aspects: 
Appearance, application menu, application contents, ease 
of  use, usefulness, and implementation (Widoyoko, 2017).

Procedures in the Development Stage
The procedure for developing a mobile learning-based 
clinical learning E-Logbook using the Analysis, Design, 
Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) 
model is as follows:
1. Analysis: Analyzing media development needs
2. Design: Designing learning media systematically and 
specifically
3. Development: Validity testing process by material 
experts, technology experts, and practicality testing by 
users using questionnaires.



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4. Implementation: Testing the clinical learning Logbook 
based on mobile learning using the black box test method 
to test the application based on the functionality of  the 
system that has been created. The trial was carried out in 
small groups in small groups.
5. Evaluation: Evaluation and improvements after testing 
are carried out so that the system that has been tested 
can be analyzed and redesigned based on the system’s 
functionality.

Data Collection
The data collection process in this research uses 
observation, interviews, and questionnaires to obtain test 
data from practitioner’s E-Logbooks for clinical learning 
based on mobile learning. The data collection method in 
this research is as follows:
1) The process of  collecting research data begins with 
signing informed consent as proof  of  agreement to 
become a respondent.
2) Collecting product practicality test data using 
questionnaires using observation and interview 
techniques with users, namely students, the results of  
which are in the form of  data scores, which can be used 
as a basis for analyzing, evaluating, and revising the media 
being developed.

Data Analysis 
This research uses descriptive data analysis to describe 
the frequency and percentage of  the characteristics and 
practicality of  using the E-Logbook for mobile learning-
based clinical learning using Likert Scale measurements 
to measure attitudes, opinions, or perceptions of  the 
product being developed. After calculating the percentage 
figure, it is then transformed into a qualitative sentence 
with the provisions, If  the score is 90% to 100% (Very 
Practical), Score 80% - 89% (Practical), Score 65% - 79% 
(Quite Practical), Score 55 % - 64% (Less practical) and 
≤ 54% (Not practical).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Mobile Learning Based Clinical Learning E-Logbook
E-Logbook Mobile Learning-Based Clinical Learning 
has several functions, including a place to record data 
from activities carried out, information and evaluation 
materials, and reporting materials in the clinical learning 
process where the results of  the Logbook can be 
reviewed, printed, or downloaded. Users can use this 
Logbook feature in the following way (Figure 1).
1) Click on the Logbook logo, click on the time 
information, and please fill in the activity’s date, month, 
year, and time.

Figure 1: Process of  filling out the Clinical Learning E-Logbook Mobile Learning Based

2) Click on the description to start filling in the Logbook 
according to the activity.
3) Click save when the input activity has been completed. 
4) Click the download sign if  the user wants to print or 
have the complete soft file logbook stage.
Figure 1 Providing information 1). Student and Institutional 
Identity, 2). Feature Name, 3). Set Up Activity Time, 4). 
Activity Description, 5). Save button, 6). Number of  

Logbooks filled in, 7). Download the Logbook results.

Demographic Characteristics
Demographic Data of  Respondents in this Study
The average age of  most students is 22 years (70%). 
Meanwhile, the gender of  most of  the students is female, 35 
people (87.5%), while the majority of  students come from 
regular education programs, three people (75%). (Table 1).



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Practicality Test of  E-Logbook for Clinical Learning 
Based on Mobile Learning
The results of  the practicality test assessment of  the 
Mobile Learning-Based E-Logbook Clinical Learning by 
users, namely students, consist of  assessment aspects: 
Display, application menu, application content, ease of  
use, usefulness, and implementation. The results of  the 
practicality test for the Mobile Learning Based Clinical 
Learning E-Logbook product were obtained with a score 
of  85.05%, with the practical category being used as a 
Learning Management Mobile Learning Application 
System in clinical learning (Table 2).

various manual Logbooks, such as books, notes, sheets 
of  paper, etcetera. Electronic Logbooks also come in 
various forms, such as computers, programs on websites, 
software, and applications on iOS or Android. Judging 
by the appearance, logbooks are divided into landscape, 
portrait and virtual displays with creations emphasizing 
convenience, simplicity, and aesthetics.
Using an E-Logbook in mobile learning-based clinical 
learning has many advantages, including making it easier 
to record data from activities carried out, information 
materials, and evaluations, according to Butarbutar 
(2022). E-Logbook can simplify inputting data and 
searching for data quickly and precisely. Also, in terms 
of  evaluation, users can evaluate correctly from previous 
historical results. The E-Logbook also has an essential 
role as proof  of  documentation of  the implementation 
of  activities and supervision by academic and clinical 
preceptors.
The use of  the E-logbook is as a monitoring and evaluation 
tool for the implementation of  clinical competencies, 
as well as a tool for nursing students’ accountability 
for achieving the clinical competency targets that have 
been given (Regulation of  the Minister of  Health of  the 
Republic of  Indonesia No. 49, 2013).
Using the E-Logbook in mobile learning-based clinical 
learning is also a digital archive-based documentation 
medium. According to research by Ullah et al. (2019); 
and Komsiyah & Indarti (2019). E-logbooks are very 
good for documentation containing records of  activity 
achievements and analyzing data related to clinical 
activities. The e-logbook is also used as a monitoring and 
evaluation tool for implementing clinical competencies 
to increase comfort and flexibility in the activity 
documentation process. According to research by Martha 
& Soepriyanto (2018) and Aripin, (2018), Mobile learning-
based E-books can help students increase their attention 
to learning material so that the learning process seems 
more interesting. The advantage of  mobile learning is that 
learning can be done remotely, and the price is relatively 
cheaper than a Personal Computer (PC).

CONCLUSIONS
The use of  E-Logbook in the mobile learning-based 
clinical learning process has statistically obtained a score 
of  85.05% with the practical category used in nursing 
clinical learning in Indonesia to make it easier to record 
data from activities carried out, information materials, 
documentation and based evaluation processes. Digital 
archives are more accurate in the process of  assessing 
nursing students’ clinical competency achievements 
based on activities with details of  clinical competency 
achievements that have been carried out.

Acknowledgment
Thank you very much to all parties involved and 
participating in this research. The author also thanks the 
Faculty of  Nursing, Lincoln University College, Malaysia, 
and the STIKes ‘Aisyiyah Palembang, Indonesia.

Table 1: Demographic Characteristics
No Variables f %
1 Age, median, years 21 70.0
2 Sex

Male 6 20.0
Female 24 80.0

3 Education
Regular 28 95.0
Non-Regular 2 5.0

Table 2: Practical Results of  Learning E-Logbook 
Products Mobile Learning-Based Clinic
No Indicator Percentage
1. Display 85.80 %
2. Menu Application 85.00 %
3. The contents (content) of  the 

application
87.00 %

4. Ease of  Use 86.50 %
5. Expediency 81.50 %
6. Implement ability 84.50 %
Average value 85.05 %

Table 2. It shows the use of  the E-Logbook in clinical 
learning based on mobile learning, which is practical and 
can be used in the clinical learning process. The Mobile 
Learning Based Clinical Learning E-Logbook is a digital 
notebook or daily record that contains all the activities 
carried out by students participating in clinical learning 
while working in 1 (one) shift at the clinical learning 
place consisting of  time (date & time) and information 
activities in implementing digital archive-based clinical 
learning. The Logbook feature in the clinical learning 
process has several functions, including as a place to 
record data from activities carried out, information 
material, documentation, and evaluation, as well as report 
material in the clinical learning process where the results 
of  the Logbook can be reviewed, printed or downloaded. 
According to Schuttpelz-Brauns et al. (2016), The era 
of  the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has experienced an 
utterly digital change, including the form of  logbooks, 
which were initially manual to electronic. There can be 



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