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  Perception of  Asaba People in Delta State Nigeria towards National Community
Response to Covid-19

Ngozi G. Orofuke1, Ayirioritse P. Ighosewe2, Christiana I. Elusoji3, Uzochukwu Ofonakara4, Matthew Chindeum Ezeh5

Charles C. Ofili1, Michael O. Otutu1, Eugene O. Ohanme4*

Article Information ABSTRACT

Received: August 28, 2024

Accepted: October 01, 2024

Published: December 10, 2024

The 2019 coronavirus pandemic has caused global concern and led to measures such as 
hygiene, isolation, and social distancing. 99.5% of  respondents knew about COVID-19, 
according to a Nigerian newspaper report, and most of  them cited the internet, social 
media, and television as their main information sources The majority of  defensive 
methods, according to 82.3% of  respondents, include good cleanliness, self-isolation/social 
distance, face masks/gloves, and prayer. Also, 52.1% of  respondents, however, said that 
the government was not doing enough to stop the pandemic in Nigeria. People who were 
well-informed on COVID-19 felt favorably about the country’s reaction. Most responders 
did not comply with preventive measures because they thought the pandemic was more of  a 
hoax than a real threat. An accurate information dissemination plan is advised to guarantee 
adherence to preventive measures and to increase public awareness of  the pandemic. In 
view of  the ongoing epidemic, the study emphasizes the necessity of  precise information 
dissemination tactics to guarantee adherence to preventive measures.

Keywords
Covid-19, Delta State, Pandemic, 
Perception About Covid

INTRODUCTION 
A new virus known as COVID-19 was identified in Wuhan, 
Hubei Province, China, in 2019. Severe acute respiratory 
syndrome coronavirus 2 is the virus’s cause. SARS-CoV-2) 
(Zhu et al., 2020). First diagnosed as a pneumonia-like 
illness in December 2019 from an idiopathic perspective, 
the sickness was officially recognized as a global public 
health emergency on January 30, 2020 (Zhu et al., 2020). 
Since then, additional research and reports from many 
locations around the world have revealed more about 
COVID-19. As of  May 9, 2020, there were 4,067,112 
confirmed cases of  COVID-19 worldwide and 280,507 
documented deaths. As of  May 14, 2020, there were 
4,308,809 reported cases of  COVID-19, including 
296,680 deaths (Zhang et al., 2021).
On February 27, 2020, the first verified case of  
COVID-19 was reported in Nigeria. The first case of  
COVID-19 in Nigeria, according to the National Center 
for Disease Control (NCDC), involved an Italian national 
who arrived on a Turkish Airlines flight from Milan via 
Istanbul on February 24. (Harapan et al., 2020). From that 
point on, the number of  cases has increased steadily. As 
of  May 14, 2020, 5,962 coronavirus infections had been 
confirmed, 1,180 cases had been discharged, and 168 
deaths had been reported. The majority of  COVID-19 
infections in Nigeria have been linked to contacts with 
previously confirmed cases and returning tourists 
(Harapan et al., 2020).

In attempt to stop the virus’s spread, the Nigerian federal 
government has implemented a number of  measures, such 
as the closure of  all educational institutions, lockdowns 
in Lagos and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), 
instructions for people to stay at home, and prohibitions 
on public gatherings (Jacobs & Okeke, 2022). 
The NCDC has also raised public awareness of  
the coronavirus pandemic by employing crucial 
communication techniques in print, social, and electronic 
media to inform Nigerians of  its spread (Dan-Nwafor et 
al., 2020).
Social workers are essential in supporting efforts to avoid 
disease because they assist in managing anxiety and other 
pandemic-related issues while also providing accurate 
information from reliable sources (Ross & de Saxe 
Zerden, 2020). Many people find lockdown procedures 
and physical segregation to be unavoidably upsetting, 
startling, confusing, and alienating, especially vulnerable 
populations like people with disabilities (PWDs) (Bhattad 
& Pacifico, 2022). Thus, the advocacy role of  social 
workers is to shape social policy with respect to the 
safety of  the economically disadvantaged and disabled, 
for whom lockdowns would have adverse consequences. 
Social service providers in China played a crucial role in 
the COVID-19 response by assisting in the identification 
of  vulnerable populations’ needs, planning volunteer 
aid, mobilizing local resources, and conducting studies 
on the quality of  life in Sichuan province (Wang & Liu, 

1 Department of  Community Medicine, Delta State Primary Healthcare Development Agency, Delta State Nigeria
2 Department of  Paediatrics, Delta State Specialist Hospital, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria
3 Department of  Nursing Sciences, Benson Idahosa’s University, Benin City. Edo State, Nigeria
4 Department of  Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of  Basic Clinical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-
  Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
5 Department of  Economics, Dennis Osadebay University, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria
* Corresponding author’s e-mail: eugene.ohanme@funai.edu.ng

American Journal of  Medical 
Science and Innovation (AJMSI) 

Volume 3 Issue 2, Year 2024
ISSN: 2836-8509 (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmsi.v3i2.3506
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2022). However, the governments of  Nigeria’s failure 
to recognize or understand the role of  social workers 
highlights the absence of  a professional mandate and the 
challenges associated with putting social work practice 
into practice (Androff  & Mathis, 2022).

The Novel Coronavirus Disease
With no known cure or vaccine, COVID-19 is a worldwide 
epidemic that has significantly increased morbidity and 
death. 95,714 fatalities, 356,440 recoveries, and 1,603,428 
confirmed cases were reported globally as of  April 9, 
2020. An Italian national was designated as the index case 
in Nigeria, where there were 288 laboratory-confirmed 
infections, 51 discharges, and 7 fatalities (Mallah et al., 
2021). Civil societies and government organizations 
started educating the public about proper hygiene and 
social separation in order to stop the disease’s spread. 
Airports screened passengers for temperature, and 
travelers returning from nations where there had been 
many confirmed cases were advised to separate themselves 
(Pollard et al., 2020). The Nigerian government instituted 
containment measures, such as sealing national borders, 
closing schools, and putting in place lockdowns, and it 
banned meetings with more than fifty participants for a 
period of  four weeks. The state governments established 
isolation facilities and curfews, while testing laboratories 
were established in Lagos, Abuja, and Irrua (Ibrahim et 
al., 2020).

The Corona Virus (COVID-19)
The virus that causes COVID-19, a serious respiratory 
illness first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, 
is called SARS-CoV-2. It spreads via the mouth, nose, 
and eyes and produces symptoms like fever, coughing, 
and shortness of  breath (Khan et al., 2020). The virus 
can cause serious respiratory issues or even death during 
its one to fourteen-day incubation period, particularly 
in the elderly and those with chronic conditions. Since 
no known cure or vaccination for COVID-19 exists, 
medical interventions are restricted to supportive care, 
experimental medications, and therapies (Hu et al., 2021).

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Study Design
For this study, a cross-sectional survey of  589 volunteers 
who were chosen at random from the communities 
of  Umuagu, Umuaji, and Akwebulu in Asaba, was 
employed. The volunteers were given a questionnaire and 
interviewed about covid-19 compliance and preventive 
strategies. Residents of  Asaba in Oshimili North LGA 
Delta in State made up the study’s population. Before 
the final form was given to the participants in Asaba, 
the questionnaire underwent peer review and a pilot test 
in two hospitals in Amai, which is not the location of  
this study. The questionnaire were structured into five 
distinctive parts to collect information on 

(i) Demographic characteristics
(ii) Knowledge of  Covid-19 disease 

(iii) Awareness of  the preventive measures in the 
metropolis 

(iv) The compliance rate with preventive measures in 
the metropolis  

(v) Factors that affect the awareness of  Covid 19 
preventive measures
Community members were chosen through the use of  
the convenient sampling technique. Data were gathered 
over a two-week period. The data that was gathered 
was examined to ascertain the degree of  adherence to 
recommended preventive actions. 

Study Area
The study was carried out at Asaba, a city in Delta State, 
South-South Nigeria’s Oshimili North Local Government 
Area. Oshimili North had 172, 773 residents as of  the 2006 
population census (National Population Commission, 
2010). This community’s decision was influenced by its 
urban status and the congestion brought on by Onitsha 
Market’s enormous market area (Yimer et al., 2022). 

Scope of  Study
This study was limited to the knowledge, awareness 
of  prevention methods and the factors influencing the 
practice of  preventive measures in 589 randomly selected 
volunteers within the ages 18  and above in Oshimili 
North Local Government Area of  Delta State, Nigeria.

Study of  Population 
The target population were people from age 18 years 
upwards from which the sample size was selected by simple 
sampling technique. The research study populations were 
residents in Oshimili North Local Government Area.

Sample Size Determination
The sample size was determined using Fisher’s Formula:
n = z2p (1-p)/e2

Where
n = Minimum required sample size in population >10,000.
Z = Standard normal deviation at 95% confidence 
interval. Level of  significance is 1.96.
P = Prevalence of  women who have knowledge of  good 
nutrition from literature reviewed = 0.185.
E =Acceptable margin of  sampling error (0.05).
n= 589 (Jung, 2014)

Sampling Procedure
To choose the three villages and three areas that make 
up the community, simple random sampling was utilized. 
This was done to ensure that every region had an 
equal chance of  being chosen for the study. To choose 
respondents who agreed to take part in the study, the 
availability sampling technique was used. This was 
predicated on earlier phone conversations in which the 
respondents were invited to take part in the research. 
Ten houses from each of  the chosen villages made up 
the total of  thirty homes that were chosen for the study. 
Heads of  households, both male and female, fifty years 
of  age and older, were chosen for the interview. 



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Inclusion Criteria 
Volunteers who have been resident in the Umuagu, 
Umuaji and Akwebulu communities in Asaba of  Oshimili 
North Local Government Area for at least ten years from 
18years old, were selected for the study

Exclusion Criteria  
Volunteers under the age of  eighteen who did not live 
in the Asaba Oshimili North Local Government Area’s 
Umuagu, Umuaji, or Akwebulu villages were not chosen 
for the study.

Method and Instrument for Data Collection 
Data was gathered using a semi-structured questionnaire 
that the interviewer provided. The poll was adapted from 
a similar study conducted among Chinese citizens (18) 
to fit the objectives of  the research. The questionnaire’s 
reliability coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha) after pretesting 
and reliability testing was 0.82 (Tavakol & Dennick, 2011). 
Face validity was established from the pretest to confirm 
that the answers accurately reflected the questions and that 
the questions themselves fit the study’s objectives. Public 
health experts concluded that the questions addressed 
all relevant aspects of  the topic, proving the questions’ 
content validity. The questionnaire asked questions 
about sociodemographic data, information availability, 
awareness of  COVID-19 symptoms, transmission, 
and prevention, views against foreigners of  Asian or 
Caucasian heritage living abroad, recent returnees from 
international travel, and COVID-19 survivors. Other 
subjects included were COVID-19 pandemic associated 
behaviors such handwashing, using face masks, social 
distancing, utilizing over-the-counter drugs, and using 
herbal medicines (Adesegun et al., 2020). 
True/false questions were utilized to construct the 
knowledge section’s questions, and a scoring system was 
developed to assess knowledge. The first nine questions, 
which concentrated on COVID-19 symptoms and 
transmission, were awarded one point each, while the next 
eight questions, which addressed COVID-19 prevention, 
were worth two points each. In total, there were twenty-
five points. Each incorrect answer was assigned a zero. 
13–17 (50–69%) was regarded as having intermediate 
knowledge, 18–25 (>70%) as having strong knowledge, 
and less than 13 (<50%) as having inadequate information.  
To the next whole number, the overall score was rounded. 
To construct a 5-point attitude scale. Twelve questions 
were used to score attitudes using a Likert scale and yes/
no questions. A positive attitude was worth one point, 
while a negative attitude was worth zero. A total score 

of  less than fifty percent was considered to be poor, and 
a total score of  more than fifty percent was considered 
to be good. Multiple-choice and yes/no questions made 
up the practice component. Five questions were used to 
grade practice; a score of  less than fifty percent indicated 
bad practice. Positive practice received one point.

Validity of  the Research Instrument 
The researcher used a self-structured questionnaire with 
contents relevant to the topic and was assessed by the 
researcher’s supervisor prior to the administration of  
questionnaire, so as to ensure the questionnaire is valid 
and subsequently approved (Ranganathan & Caduff, 
2023). 

Reliability of  the Research Instrument
Test-re-test was used prior to this study. The pretesting 
replies were utilized to adjust the questions. Subsequently, 
the same respondents took a second test to ascertain 
the questionnaire’s validity, and the results of  both tests 
were correlated after calculation. (Ranganathan & Caduff, 
2023).

Ethical Considerations
This study involved children from Novena University, 
who were interviewed in the presence of  their parents. 
Parental consent was obtained, and the study aimed 
to respect the indigenous belief  system and interview 
children first before adults to avoid influencing their 
views.

Data Collection
The study used in-depth interviews to gather data from 
36 respondents, including 6 children and 30 household 
heads, between October 10 and November 5, 2020. The 
interviews were conducted in Igbo and English, with 
participants informed about the research’s objectives, 
anonymity, confidentiality, and the freedom to withdraw 
at any time. The interviews were transcribed into English, 
and the original meaning of  the participants’ words was 
preserved to ensure reliability and validity of  the data 
(Jamshed, 2014).
The study analyzed respondents’ responses on 
COVID-19, physical/social distancing, hand washing, 
and lockdown impact on child care. Analytical themes 
were identified, and the data was manually analyzed to 
maintain originality and avoid manipulation.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results

Table 1:  Sociodemographic characteristics of Participants
Variable Frequency (n = 589) Percent (%)
Age (years) 18–29 years 261 44.3

30–39 years 214 36.3
40–49 years 93 15.8
50–59 years 21 3.6



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Table 2:  Perception of respondents towards national community response to covid 19
S/N Variable Frequency 

(n = 598)
Percent (%)

1 Do you think that the government has/is doing enough to stop the global pandemic in Nigeria?
 Yes 139 23.6
 No 307 52.1
 Maybe 143 24.3

2 Do you agree with the obligatory lockdown/measures Nigeria is taking?
 Yes 374 63.5
 No 115 19.5
 Maybe 100 17.0

3 Do you agree with the government stay-at-home order?
 Yes 428 72.7
 No 84 14.3
 Maybe 77 13.1

4 Are you complying with the government stay-at-home order?
 Yes 460 78.1
 No 25 4.2
 Sometimes 104 17.7

5 Do you believe in Chinese doctors’ intervention in Nigeria?
 Yes 73 12.4
 No 401 68.1
 Maybe 115 19.5

6 Will you accept COVID-19 vaccine?
 Yes 171 29.0
 No 268 45.5
 Maybe 150 25.5

7 On a scale of  1–5, how satisfied are you with your country’s response against the COVID-19 pandemic?
 Not satisfied 141 23.9
 Partly satisfied 155 26.3
 Satisfied 234 39.7
 More than satisfied 34 5.8
 Very satisfied 25 4.2

Gender Female 238 40.4
Male 351 59.6

Marital status Married 230 39.0
Single 354 60.1
Divorced 3 0.5
Widow/widower 2 0.3

Level of education High school 26 4.4
College/bachelor 348 59.1
Master 153 26.0
PhD 31 5.3
Others 31 5.3

Residential location Urban 331 56.2
Semi-urban 213 36.2
Rural 45 7.6



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8 How satisfied are you with the media/social media coverage of  the COVID-19 pandemic?
 Very satisfied/keeps me updated 267 45.3
 Makes me worry more/stressful 55 9.3
 Not enough information 70 11.9
 There are more lies than truth 138 23.4
 I don't follow any media update 8 1.4
 No comment 51 8.7

9 What do you think we can do as a community to reduce the spread COVID-19 (select all that applies)?
 Follow/respect the health recommendations of  my country 531 90.2
 Eat healthy/practice sports 311 52.8
 Attending religious gatherings 28 4.8
 Social distancing/avoid crowd 464 78.8
 Volunteer to support whenever possible 268 45.5
 Avoid handshakes and face kissing 438 74.4
 I don’t know 5 0.8

10 Do you think we can prevent such a global pandemic in the future?
 Yes 415 70.5
 No 34 5.8
 Maybe 140 23.8

11 Which of  these can prevent/help against the occurrence of  such a global pandemic in the future? (select 
all that applies)
Reduced international travels 266 42.2
Improve surveillance in the human and animal health sectors 394 66.9
Establish early alerts and global warning systems for infectious diseases 486 82.5
Collaboration between environmental, animal and human health workers 344 58.4
Intensify research on preventive measures such as vaccines/diagnosis 460 78.1
Raise public awareness of  proper hygiene/healthy habits 452 76.7
Prioritize human life/health welfare over animal or environmental ones 208 35.3

12 Are you willing to read and share with others the right information about COVID-19?
 Yes 552 93.7
 No 8 1.4
 Maybe 29 4.9

Table 3:  Mean score of COVID-19 knowledge in relation to attitude and perception towards preventive measures 
and national response
Attitudes towards preventive measures, 
perception towards national response

Mean score Std. error 95% Confidence interval
Lower bound Upper bound

Negative attitude 1.886 0.018 1.852 1.921
Positive attitude 1.961 0.014 1.934 1.988
Negative perception 1.896 0.014 1.868 1.925
Positive perception 1.951 0.017 1.917 1.984

Table 4:  ANOVA source table for knowledge of covid 19 attitude and preventive measures and perception of 
national responses
Source Type III sum of  squares Df Mean square F p-value
Corrected model 1.756a 3 0.585 8.789 0.000
Intercept 1983.049 1 1983.049 29,778.429 0.000
Attitude towards preventive measures 0.740 1 0.740 11.116 0.001
Perception of  national response 0.393 1 0.393 5.896 0.015



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589 people in all took part in this online survey. The 
majority of  the study’s participants were men: 59.6% 
(351), 80.6% (475) were in the 18–39 age range, 90.4% 
(522) held a bachelor’s degree or above, and 56.2% (331) 
were city dwellers. The majority of  respondents, 56.5% 
(333) and 58.7% (346), reside in homes with a maximum 
of  five occupants and those organized in linear (straight) 
street patterns (Table 1).
Regarding the national and community reaction to 
COVID-19, only 63.5% (374) of  the respondents 
agreed with the mandatory lockdown implemented, 
indicating that 52.1% (307) of  the respondents thought 
the government was not doing enough to contain the 
pandemic in Nigeria. The majority of  respondents, 45.5% 
(268) and 68.1% (401), respectively, do not think Chinese 
doctors should be involved in Nigeria’s effort to combat 
COVID-19 and would not take COVID-19 vaccinations 
if  they become available. Yet, as indicated by 90.2% 
(531), 78.8% (464), and 74.4% (438) of  the respondents, 
observing/respecting health advice, social distancing/
avoiding crowds, avoiding handshakes, and face kissing 
were some of  the measures to limit community spread 
COVID-19. The majority of  respondents 45.3% (267), 
70.5% (415), and 93.7% (552) were pleased with how the 
COVID-19 pandemic was covered by the media, hopeful 
that a repetition of  the pandemic might be avoided, and 
ready to read about and distribute accurate information 
about the virus to others (Table 2).
People who are well-informed about COVID-19 will 
view the virus favorably. With a mean score of  1.961 
for positive attitudes toward COVID-19 and 1.886 
for negative attitudes toward COVID-19 (Tables 
(Tables4,4,,5),5), residents of  north-central Nigeria who 
were well-versed in the virus had a significantly positive 
attitude toward COVID-19, F(1,585), = 11.116, p = 0.001 
(p < 0.05). As a result, hypothesis 1 was supported.
People who are well-informed about COVID-19 will 
view the national response to the pandemic favorably. 
(Table 3).
Residents who were well-versed in COVID-19 had a 
positive impression of  the national response to the virus, 
F(1,585) = 5.896, p = 0.015 (p < 0.05); the mean scores for 

positive and negative perceptions of  the national response 
to COVID-19 were 1.951 and 1.896, respectively.  The 
theory that people who are well-informed on COVID-19 
will see the country’s response to the pandemic favorably 
was validated (Table 4).
The spread of  the COVID-19 virus in Asaba is inversely 
correlated with high COVID-19 knowledge. Regression 
model 1 summary findings showed that the 95% 
confidence interval for the coefficient of  determination, 
R2 = 0.04.1, F(1,587) = 0.316, and DW = 2.075, were as 
follows. This demonstrated that the model can account 
for a 4.1% variation in the COVID-19 virus’s propagation. 
The model’s ANOVA’s F-statistic revealed no closeness 
of  fit, indicating that the model is not statistically 
significant at the 95% confidence interval (p < 0.05) level. 
The Durbin-Watson score of  2.075 indicates that there 
is no multicollinearity in the autocorrelation between the 
variables being examined. (Table 5).

Discussion
With the COVID-19 epidemic affecting more than 
200 countries, it has grown to be one of  the biggest 
in history. The purpose of  this study was to evaluate 
people’s awareness and adherence to information 
about COVID-19, including its source, transmission, 
symptoms, preventive measures, mortality rate, and main 
sources of  information in Asaba, Nigeria. The findings 
demonstrated that a sizable segment of  Nigerians are 
aware of  and informed about COVID-19, and a sizable 
fraction of  them think China is the country that created 
the biological weapon. This view could make it more 
difficult for Nigeria to accept aid from the Chinese 
government and have an impact on bilateral relations 
between Nigeria and China (Khalifa et al., 2021).
Religious leaders are also affected because a sizable 
portion of  the population thinks COVID-19 is a disease 
brought on by sins and disbelief. Contrary to popular 
belief, Nigerians are very aware of  preventive measures. 
Most of  them concur that the best ways to stop the 
virus from spreading are to wash your hands, avoid close 
contact with others, disinfect surfaces, close schools, and 
fumigate public areas. (Sisti & Buonsenso, 2023).

Attitude towards preventive measures 
* perception of  national response

0.393 1 0.393 5.896 0.015

Error 38.957 585 0.067
Total 2224.000 589
Corrected total 40.713 588

aR Squared = 0.043 (Adjusted R Squared = 0.038)

Table 5:  Pearson’s correlation table for relationship between knowledge of COVID-19, attitude towards preventive 
measures and perception of national response

Perception of  national response
Pearson’s correlation (r) p-value

Knowledge of  COVID-19 0.177 0.004
Attitude towards preventive measures 0.137 0.001



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Over 90% of  respondents agreed that COVID-19 has high 
fatality rates, with 79,384 deaths worldwide as of  April 7, 
2020. The mass media and traditional media are identified 
as major sources of  information about COVID-19, with 
the internet being the premier source of  knowledge during 
outbreaks. The survey aimed to assess compliance and 
identify key areas of  concern for optimal sub-national and 
community intervention (Alimohamadi et al., 2021).
A survey in Asaba, Nigeria, revealed that the majority 
of  respondents were educated and knowledgeable about 
COVID-19, with a high percentage of  males and singles. 
They believed the virus was caused by a virus, but a 
majority believed everyone was at risk. Despite taking 
precautionary measures during lockdown, 27.5% visited 
crowded places, indicating the government’s inability to 
implement strict measures. The study found a significant 
relationship between COVID-19 knowledge and positive 
attitudes (Adedeji-Adenola et al., 2022).
A study on Nigerians found that 45.3% believe prayer 
is effective in COVID-19 prevention, largely due to 
strict religious beliefs. Despite the lockdown, many 
were bored, nervous, and stressed. Only 25.3% were 
satisfied with government efforts, and only 29.0% would 
accept vaccines (Bentzen, 2021). The underprivileged 
and vulnerable population had limited knowledge 
about COVID-19, affecting their KAP. The Nigerian 
government and NCDC should take proactive measures 
to counter misconceptions and promote information 
dissemination (Tolstrup Wester et al., 2022).
A study in Nigeria found a positive attitude towards 
COVID-19, with three-quarters believing it will be 
successfully controlled. Factors such as information 
and educational qualifications influenced the belief  
in confirmed cases. However, age or gender did not 
significantly influence attitude (James et al., 2022).

CONCLUSION
The findings from this study affirm that Nigerians are 
highly knowledgeable, believe in the lethality of  this 
pandemic but show very poor preventive practices due 
to local belief  in the black African adaptations against 
COVID-19. Though compliance to the preventive 
measures is very low, very educated people and the female 
gender showed more compliance than me. The data 
imply that the mitigation of  the COVID-19 outbreak is 
imminent provided people adopt a positive outlook and 
follow the government’s recommended course of  action. 
Notwithstanding their drawbacks, social media and the 
internet made a substantial contribution to the knowledge 
that was required. Not much was noteworthy about the 
government’s attempts to contain COVID-19.  

Contribution to knowledge
This study has established that there is strong evidence 
of  a number of  factors between the knowledge levels of  
the patients with their attitude and preventive practice. 
The essential factor - local belief  has grave effect on 
preventive practices 

Recommendation 
i. Public health education campaigns should go 

on, dispelling myths and offering updates on clinical 
presentation, prevention, and control strategies, evidence-
based policies, and other topics. To reach the younger 
population, these campaigns should engage the public 
more on social media and other Internet platforms; 
to reach the older generation, they should use other 
traditional media. All stake holders should intensify their 
effort in sensitizing the general public to understand 
and comply with all precautionary measures to curb 
COVID-19.

ii. Public health education initiatives should be planned 
on a regular basis in the remote locations.

iii. The primary target audience for COVID-19 should 
be those with lower levels of  education and understanding.

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Adesegun, O. A., Binuyo, T., Adeyemi, O., Ehioghae, O., 
Rabor, D. F., Amusan, O., & Abiodun, O. (2020). The 
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