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American Journal Of Philological Sciences   
(ISSN – 2771-2273) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 10  Pages: 01-06 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR  (2022: 5. 445)  
OCLC – 1121105677    METADATA IF – 5.963 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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ABSTRACT 

The name of Ferdousi and his heritage, both creative and the legends about him, are a cultural code that plays an 

important role in the unity of the Persian cultural space, extending far beyond Iran. This article analyzes the theoretical 

and ideological origins of the poem "Shahnameh" by Abulkasim Firdausi. The basis of this work originates from pre-

Islamic ideas, mythological theories, Eastern pre-philosophy. 

 

KEYWORDS 

Epic poem, Iranian antiquity, couplet, primitive Indo-Aryan society, era of Arshakids, in Avesta Fragrasyan, the great 

epic of humanity 

  

INTRODUCTION

“Shahnama” is the longest poem written by one 

author, but it is difficult to say about its enduring fame. 

The role of Ferdowsi in shaping the Persian language 

and literary culture is similar to that of Goethe for the 

Germans, Pushkin for the Russians, or Shakespeare for 

the English-speaking world. 

  Research Article 

 

THEORETICAL AND IDEAL ORIGINS OF FIRDAUSI'S PHILOSOPHICAL 

WORLD VIEW 
 

Submission Date: September 30, 2022, Accepted Date:  October 05, 2022,  

Published Date: October 11, 2022  

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume02Issue10-01 

 

 

Madina A. Choriyeva  
Lecturer At The Department Of Social Sciences Bukhara State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan 

  

 

Journal Website: 

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Copyright: Original 

content from this work 

may be used under the 

terms of the creative 

commons attributes 

4.0 licence. 

 

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Volume 02 Issue 10-2022 2 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Philological Sciences   
(ISSN – 2771-2273) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 10  Pages: 01-06 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR  (2022: 5. 445)  
OCLC – 1121105677    METADATA IF – 5.963 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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Ferdowsi was not the first to write a history of the 

Iranian kings, nor was he the first to write poetry in the 

new Persian language. A generation or two before him, 

Rudaki (died 940), the great court poet of the Samanid 

kingdom in Moverannahr, had already elevated Persian 

poetry to the prestigious level of Arabic. The earliest 

accounts of Iranian history in prose or verse written in 

Middle Persian (Pahlavi) date from the Sassanid period 

(224-642), who ruled Iran until the Arab conquest. 

Ferdowsi was probably aware of the “Book of Kings” 

(Khvadai-nomag), compiled during the reign of the 

Sasanian king Khosrov II Parviz (591-628) and used in 

the collection of chronicles, completed in 957 at the 

request of Abu. Mansoor Muhammad b. Abd al-

Razzaq, ruler of his native Tus Firdousi. One of the first 

prose copies of the Shahnameh was compiled in the 

first half of the 10th century by Abu-l-Moayad al-Balkhi 

and Ferdowsi's immediate predecessor, the famous 

poet Abu Mansur Dakiki (c. 935-976). He wrote the first 

verse copy of the "Shahnoma" in New Persian. But it 

was Firdousi's Shakhnoma that unforgettably 

repeated the history of the Persian kings, 

strengthened the influence of the Persian language as 

a literary tool, and preserved knowledge of the ancient 

glory of Iran, its political morality and cultural identity. 

THE MAIN FINDINGS AND RESULTS 

After the Arab conquest of Iran in the 7th century, the 

Persian-speaking world was dominated by a language 

of a different origin—Arabic, a language of Semitic 

rather than Indo-European origin. An educated 

nobleman and Muslim, Ferdowsi knew enough Arabic 

to read and understand the Qur'an. But his choice of 

vocabulary for the Shahnameh kept the number of 

Arabic words to an absolute minimum. The scale he 

chose is close to the Persian syllabic system 

motakareb. Each stanza is independent and the 

meaning usually does not carry over to the next stanza. 

Ferdowsi's style is deliberately archaic, lacking the 

elegant language and technical sophistication of his 

famous contemporaries at the secular court of Sultan 

Mahmud. The richness of vocabulary, the size, 

semantics and relative simplicity of Firdavsi's diction 

corresponded to the epic genre and made it easier to 

memorize long passages. Ferdowsi's claim to fame lies 

mainly in his deliberate revival of the Persian language 

as a literary medium, thereby preserving not only the 

history of the Iranian people, but also the language in 

which it was written. 

As a classic example of the Persian epic, Shahnameh 

was imitated by subsequent generations. The stories 

of Bahram Gur and Azadeh No. 16 and Alexander the 

Great (No. 10, No. 26, No. 39 and No. 59) were retold 

by the great Persian poet Nezami of Ganja (1141–1209). 

He, together with Jami (1414–1492) and Navoi (1441–

1501), turned Alexander from an obsessive conqueror 

and usurper into a just and wise ruler, almost equal to 

a prophet. A series of poems imitating the 

"Shahnameh" in style, imagery and size continued the 

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Volume 02 Issue 10-2022 3 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Philological Sciences   
(ISSN – 2771-2273) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 10  Pages: 01-06 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR  (2022: 5. 445)  
OCLC – 1121105677    METADATA IF – 5.963 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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narrative, filling the stories from the "Sistan cycle" of 

the Rostam family. The first of these was the Garshasp-

name by Asadi Tusi (c. 1010–1070) [No. 74]. Such stories 

were often included in copies of Ferdowsi's original 

text. The idioms and inspirations of the Shahnameh 

have also been used to glorify the heroes of Islamic 

legends such as Muhammad Ali's cousin and son-in-

law. 

The purely epic genre gradually went out of fashion by 

the end of the 15th century, giving way to verse novels. 

But the Shahnameh contained the germs of various 

genres, including romantic, ethical, and didactic 

literature. Figures such as Jamshid, the mythological 

Iranian king [No. 40] [No. 102], became standard 

characters in later works, and his magic bowl Jam-e 

Jam (shid), which revealed the secrets of the world to 

its owner, became a favorite Sufi symbol in classical 

poetry. The flavor of the epic a la Ferdowsi was revived 

under the Qajars (1797–1925) and the Bazgasht 

(“Return”) movement, which aimed to revive the great 

Persian classical tradition of the Golden Age. 

Shahanshah-name (circa 1810) of Fath-Ali Khan Saba 

was dedicated to Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (1771–1834). 

Georgiame was written for the visit of George V to 

India in 1911. The king honored the ancient traditions of 

the Persian rulers in at least one respect - in a matter of 

weeks, his passion for hunting wiped out Nepal's tiger 

population. 

Despite its title of "The Book of Kings", "Shahnameh" 

tells the reader or listener stories about the glorious 

heroes of pre-Islamic Iran. That is why it is called 

"epopee". There are hundreds of "pakhlavans" 

(heroes) who fight for their honor and the glory of 

their kings. Which ones are the most popular in 

Shahnameh and why? 

Rustam, the son of Zal, is by far the most central and 

popular character in the Shahnameh, especially in its 

mythical first half. He is a native of Sistan, a prosperous 

region at that time on the banks of Helmand (on the 

territory of modern Iran and Afghanistan), which in 

early historical times was inhabited by the warlike 

tribes of the Scythians (from about the 2nd century 

BC). 

He is, of course, Ferdowsi's favorite character, 

although, like all people, he is not without human vices. 

However, his most outstanding virtues are his 

superhuman strength, courage, humility, cunning, and, 

no less important, his not so much philosophical as 

practical wisdom. 

CONCLUSION 

Rustam, who himself is of heroic origin, is featured in a 

number of stories that tell the story of his seven 

exploits on the way to free Kay Kavus, his other journey 

to free Kay Kavus from the hands of the king of Yemen, 

his battle. with his son Sohrab, who has a very tragic 

outcome, his battles with Kamus of Kushan, the 

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Volume 02 Issue 10-2022 4 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Philological Sciences   
(ISSN – 2771-2273) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 10  Pages: 01-06 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR  (2022: 5. 445)  
OCLC – 1121105677    METADATA IF – 5.963 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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emperor of China, the demon Akwan, etc. In all these 

stories, he always has the opportunity to show his 

extraordinary strength. However, he never loses his 

piety and attributes his accomplishments to the good 

will of Yazdan (= God). 

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American Journal Of Philological Sciences   
(ISSN – 2771-2273) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 10  Pages: 01-06 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR  (2022: 5. 445)  
OCLC – 1121105677    METADATA IF – 5.963 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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American Journal Of Philological Sciences   
(ISSN – 2771-2273) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 10  Pages: 01-06 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR  (2022: 5. 445)  
OCLC – 1121105677    METADATA IF – 5.963 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

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