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American Journal Of Philological Sciences   
(ISSN – 2771-2273) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 11 PAGES: 82-87 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR  (2022: 5. 445)  
OCLC – 1121105677    METADATA IF – 5.963 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
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ABSTRACT 

This article describes the emergence of postmodernism in world literature, its stages of development, its formation 

as a separate trend from modernism, and its current state on the basis of various literary approaches. 

 

KEYWORDS 

World literature, postmodernism, modernism, trends, literary approaches. 

INTRODUCTION

First of all, we should emphasize that postmodern 

literature and postmodernism in general as a full-

fledged movement are concepts that are difficult to 

explain with specific words.  The 20th century, as the 

most powerful century in human history, presented 

them not only with two world wars, the peak of 

scientific achievements, absolute changes in human 

psychology, but also with two global trends such as 

modernism and postmodernism.  The current of 

modernism, which made a sharp turn in literature, not 

only rejected the traditional forms and styles of fiction, 

but also encouraged to understand the deep 

  Research Article 

 

IDEAS OF POSTMODERNISM IN THE LITERATURE OF THE XXI CENTURY 
 

Submission Date: November 05, 2022, Accepted Date:  November 15, 2022,  

Published Date: November 29, 2022  

Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume02Issue11-11 

 

 

Ruzieva Saodat Hasanovna 
Bsmi, Teacher Of English Language Department, Uzbekistan 

  

 

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Volume 02 Issue 11-2022 83 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Philological Sciences   
(ISSN – 2771-2273) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 11 PAGES: 82-87 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR  (2022: 5. 445)  
OCLC – 1121105677    METADATA IF – 5.963 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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psychological processes in a person by penetrating 

into the mind of the character of the work.  And 

postmodernism managed to bring the artistic textual 

features of literature, which have been formed and 

interpreted differently in different periods, to the 

scene of an unimaginable level of revolution. 

Mature scholars of the world of literature have not yet 

been able to come to a conclusion about the specific 

features, scope and importance of postmodernism.  In 

this work, the conclusions of world scientists on 

postmodernism based on different approaches serve 

as the most important sources for the interpretation of 

this movement.  Based on their conclusions, we should 

emphasize that before defining postmodernism as a 

philosophical and literary movement, we should first 

analyze it more deeply on the basis of its emergence - 

the state of postmodern times.  Postmodernism in its 

original state is neither a philosophical nor a literary 

movement.  The well-known French scientist Jean-

Francois Lyotard describes the state of science in 

societies that have reached the peak of development 

as the postmodern state [23, 3]. Like all currents, the 

emergence, rise and fall of postmodernism are not 

defined by exact dates.  Some critics sometimes point 

to the beginning of postmodernism as a "rough 

border" with the deaths of Irish writer James Joyce and 

English writer Virginia Woolf in 1941, vacating the 

literary scene.  Another group of literary scholars argue 

that the starting point of postmodern literature can be 

determined by the rise of important publications or 

literary events.  We saw the first publication of John 

Hawkes' Cannibal and Alan Ginsberg's The Cry in 1949, 

the first staged performances of Waiting for Godot and 

Naked Lunch in 1953, and Jacques Derrida's Structure, 

Sign and Death in 1966.  yin" or later in 1971, the 

Egyptian-American literary critic and writer Ihab Hasan 

presented a two-pillar scheme in "The Disintegration of 

Orpheus" that allowed us to further distinguish 

postmodernism from modernism.  We can show as a 

proof of our word that the flow of postmodernism 

entered the scene of world literature as a literary flow. 

If we look at the history of the term postmodernism, 

we will come across information that the term 

postmodern, which is its basis, was used for the first 

time in 1926.  In her bibliographic work, "A Bibliography 

of Postmodernism: 1926-1994," Deborah Medson 

points out that the term postmodernism was used 

more than 20 years before it was recorded in the 

Oxford English Dictionary.  In some sources,  we can 

see the ideas of postmodernism.  Chapman proposes a 

postmodern style in art in order to move away from 

French impressionism.  J.M.  Thompson, in a 1914 article 

published in Gibbert's Philosophical Review, uses the 

term "Post-Modernism" to describe changes in 

attitudes and views of criticism of religion.  The 

compound "post", which is the main part of 

postmodernism, was used for the first time as a 

starting point of the "postalization" process in the 

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Volume 02 Issue 11-2022 84 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Philological Sciences   
(ISSN – 2771-2273) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 11 PAGES: 82-87 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR  (2022: 5. 445)  
OCLC – 1121105677    METADATA IF – 5.963 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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1880s as part of the terms "Post-Impressionism" and 

"post-industrial" between 1914-1922, and in the 1960s  

led to the development of literature, social ideas, 

economics and even religion (for example, Post-

Christianity) in a "post" form.  We can shed some light 

on the factors that led to the development of various 

industries in the "post" form and the transition of 

development to the "postalization" process.  Scientists 

put forward the opinion that "the negative mood after 

a very strong and significant creative flow 

(Modernism)" or a way to get out of the negative 

ideological environment caused by this negative mood 

is the current of postmodernism. 

A lot of people emphasize that in order to understand 

postmodernism and to fully understand its essence, it 

is necessary to analyze modernism sufficiently, to 

study the history of its development as a literary 

movement in depth.  Although at first glance the term 

postmodernism seems to be a special continuation of 

modernism, it is appropriate to interpret 

postmodernism as a separate and deeply independent 

trend, taking into account the fact that there are more 

differences than similarities between them.  At this 

point, we will be able to go deeper into its artistic 

features by listing the different aspects of 

postmodernism from modernism.  It is safe to say that 

the sharp political, social and economic changes at the 

end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th 

century confused the people of that time.  As a result, 

people were offered only a few ways to live life.  

American modernist writer William Faulkner's work 

"The Noise and the Fury" can be a great proof of our 

above opinion.  The heroes of modern times embody 

three categories of the same age: like Quentin, they 

escape from life's bargains by taking their own lives, 

like Jacob, they worship money only after possessions, 

or like Benjamin, they make a fool of themselves in this 

way.  overcome life.  The postmodern hero is not like 

any of the above.  He is quite perfect, his perfection is 

that he is immune to all external and internal forces.  As 

a proof of these words, we present the story of the 

appointment of Noah as God's representative on earth 

in the work of the English writer Julian Barnes, "The 

History of the World in 10 ½ Chapters", a passenger 

without a ticket. 

 - We can cite the Wood Worm as an example. 

     Professor of Boston University David W. Scott in his 

2011 lecture "On Postmodernism" argued that the 

reason for the development of postmodernism as a 

"post" i.e. "state after modernity" is its criticism and 

rejection of the ideas and aspects of "modernity".  

states that he found the opposite [2, 3].  The scientist 

points out that in order to understand postmodernism, 

we need to pay attention to how postmodernism 

rejects the literary aspects of modernism, in what way 

it encourages understanding of the world, and what it 

encompasses more.  In his opinion, postmodernism 

rejects historical progress and emphasizes the 

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Volume 02 Issue 11-2022 85 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Philological Sciences   
(ISSN – 2771-2273) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 11 PAGES: 82-87 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR  (2022: 5. 445)  
OCLC – 1121105677    METADATA IF – 5.963 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

Servi 

importance of the idea that history is progressing for 

modernism.  Postmodernism rejects this idea mainly 

because it is "metanarrative", that is, based on 

someone else's story.  In our opinion, here the author 

emphasizes that postmodern writers are based on the 

concept that there is no truth in history based on 

people's stories.  Also, postmodernists reject the 

optimism of modernists towards people.  Of course, 

postmodernists do not put forward the strong idea 

that all people are bad, but they describe the human 

attempts to dominate and satisfy other desires as the 

characteristics of their imperfection and describe it as 

an undeniable truth.  And again, they emphasize that 

the claims of modernists that people can achieve 

perfection are inappropriate and that it is extremely 

dangerous to portray them as perfect.  While 

modernists tend to use symbolism as a symbolic 

association to fully understand the essence of values, 

postmodernists seek refuge from Dadaism by publicly 

demonstrating the absence of meaning in a 

meaningless world [1, 32].  Modernists use the power 

of art and literature to advance their hierarchical goals, 

postmodernists, who have achieved the totality of 

knowledge, use the opportunity given to them, and are 

inclined to a stronger anarchy.  It is more important for 

them to feel free to reject a lot of unjustified views and 

currents than to admit something and live by it. 

     In conclusion, we can say that the reasons for the 

emergence of postmodernism and the stages of its 

development emphasize the need to consider it as a 

separate movement.  In their writings, modernists 

recognized that disturbances in human psychology 

have caused mass and rapid changes in all aspects of 

life, whether positive or negative, and that people can 

overcome these changes by developing these 

characteristics.  'stated that postmodern writers have 

learned that their postmodern characters have learned 

the difference between fact and fiction, and now 

accept or believe them to be true in history books or 

other books designed to present 'universal truths'.  

they cannot convince of their things.  In conclusion, we 

should note that postmodernism differs from 

modernism, which led to two world wars that ended 

tragically, and operated under the idea of "unification", 

in its logical views and in its importance and co-

operation.  If we take into account the current of 

postmodernism, a deeper study is required. 

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Volume 02 Issue 11-2022 86 

                 

 
 

   
  
 

American Journal Of Philological Sciences   
(ISSN – 2771-2273) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 11 PAGES: 82-87 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR  (2022: 5. 445)  
OCLC – 1121105677    METADATA IF – 5.963 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences   
(ISSN – 2771-2273) 
VOLUME 02 ISSUE 11 PAGES: 82-87 

SJIF IMPACT FACTOR  (2022: 5. 445)  
OCLC – 1121105677    METADATA IF – 5.963 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services 

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