Volume 02 Issue 03-2022 14 American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2273) VOLUME 02 ISSUE 04 Pages: 14-20 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 445) OCLC – 1121105677 METADATA IF – 5.963 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi ABSTRACT The relation of comparison is a category of a universal nature in languages, which is expressed at all levels of language, including the text. The fact that the textual unity of this relationship comes through supersyntactic integrity (SSB) is a uniquely complex process that needs to be studied. In linguistics, there are opinions about the existence of semantic types of text, among which very few scholars have expressed their views on the expression of the relation of comparison through the text unit. They dwell on comparative texts with the meaning similarity in general way. Therefore, this article analyzes the comparative SSI with the meaning contrast, its type of SSBs representing the comparative relation and identifies their specific features. The article describes the types of SSBs in the comparative context, the phenomena that give rise to them (such as antithesis and differentiation), the differences between these phenomena on the example of different systematic languages (Uzbek and English). Based on the studied sources and the analyzed examples, comparative SSI were divided into two types such as SSIs with the meanings contrasting and differentiating . In the above first type of SSBs, which represent a comparative relation, it was proved on the basis of the analysis of examples that the comparative component is expressed in an incomplete form, and the second type in a complete form. KEYWORDS Supersyntactic integrity, SSI with the meaning similarity, SSI with the meaning contrast, antithesis, differentiation, comparee, standart of comparison, standart marker, parameter. Research Article SUPERSYNTACTIC INTEGRITY WITH THE MEANING OF CONTRAST Submission Date: April 20, 2022, Accepted Date: April 25, 2022, Published Date: April 30, 2022 Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume02Issue04-04 A.Mamajonov Corresponding Member Of The Russian Academy Of Science, Professor Fergana State University, Fergana, Uzbekistan Sh.Dadabayeva Phd Student Of The Department Of Linguistics, Fergana State University, Fergana, Uzbekistan Journal Website: https://theusajournals. com/index.php/ajps Copyright: Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the creative commons attributes 4.0 licence. https://theusajournals.com https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume02Issue04-04 Volume 02 Issue 03-2022 15 American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2273) VOLUME 02 ISSUE 04 Pages: 14-20 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 445) OCLC – 1121105677 METADATA IF – 5.963 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi INTRODUCTION Initially, sentence was considered the largest unit of speech in linguistics, and then, interest to the text as the largest unit of speech than sentence began in the 70s and 80s of the twentieth century. Text and its types were originally studied by cognitive psychology as a unit of social communicative speech. Later, the development of cognitive linguistics became the basis for approaching it as a linguistic unit. [5,21]Brinker will have three steps in this learning process of it : 1. The stage of studying the communicative-pragmatic features of the text; 2. The stage of studying the theme of the text (context); 3. The stage of studying the linguistic-stylistic features of the text (syntactic-stylistic relations).[1,80-85] Literature review The research conducted by European and Russian linguists on text linguistics was the main impetus for the development of this field in Uzbek linguistics. The first source on the text in Uzbek linguistics is G. Abdurahmanov's lecture on text theory that was the basis for the emergence of text linguistics. Then the researches of I.Rasulov[12,174], M.Askarova[2], A.Mamajonov[7;8], N.Turniyozov[13], M.Khakimov[3], M.Yuldashev[11], M.Kurbanova[11], M.Abdupattoev[9], D.Hudoyberganova[4], U.Nosirova[10] carried out the development of this field. These researchers gave information on the semantic aspects of the text, but some of them have expressed their views on how the relation of comparison is expressed through this unit (especially supersyntactic unit). A. Mamajonov, in his textbook Text Linguistics, notes that there is comparative semantic types of the text such as complex sentence, and emphasizes the participation of phenomena such as antithesis in the comparison of two ideas.[7,35] In the book "Text Linguistics" co-authored by M. Kurbanova and M. Yuldashev, the means involved in the formation of the meaning of comparison in the lexical and syntactic analysis of the literary text are described with various examples.[11,60-61,78-79] In her scientific work devoted to the anthropocentric study of the text, D.Khudoyberganova studied the linguocultural features of texts and their role in the creation of the text. In this point she shows the texts with the meaning similarity and their features. [4,98- 101] DISCUSSION Thus, “the text is the largest expression of speech with its own complex syntactic structure,” which in the broad sense represents a whole fiction, and in the narrow sense the supersyntactic integrity. Professor A. Mamajonov states in his linguistic research that the text consists of the following units:[7,12] Volume 02 Issue 03-2022 16 American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2273) VOLUME 02 ISSUE 04 Pages: 14-20 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 445) OCLC – 1121105677 METADATA IF – 5.963 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi Super Syntactic Integrity (SSI) is a form of the text, a language unit that is larger than a sentence and smaller than fictions. “Each SSI is a miniature story that represents an event with its own beginning, development, and ending.”[6,63] The first statement of the SSI is called a theme that represents the main idea and the structure of the text . The sentence in the SSI are combined and represent a certain semantic relatives. It has the following semantic relations as a compound sentence:[7,34] 1. Time 2. Cause-effect 3. Compare-contrast 4. Description 5. Problem-solution 6. Sequence. RESULT It can be seen that a comparative relation can also be expressed in languages through SSI. When the exact comparison relationship is expressed through this unit, the properties of the two objects are compared to each other. Based on the above sources, it is expedient to first divide the comparative SSI into two types: Below we analyze SSIs with the meaning contrast. In SSIs with the meaning contrast, the two ideas are compared, and in the content they are contrasted and differentiated. This involves phenomena such as antithesis and differentiation. In the text (SSI), words, affixes, and sentences with opposite meanings are involved, and they compare the two objects by contrasting. This phenomenon is sentence Super syntactic integrity paragraphs period The units of Text Volume 02 Issue 03-2022 17 American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2273) VOLUME 02 ISSUE 04 Pages: 14-20 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 445) OCLC – 1121105677 METADATA IF – 5.963 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi called antithesis in the scientific literature, tazod in Eastern art.[11,61] The following is an example of how this process occurs in languages(The Uzbek and English languages): Luvrga yangi kirish joyi huddi muzey kabi mashhur bo‘lib ketgan. Uni amerikalik me’mor I.I.Pey tomonidan bunyod etilgan oynavand ehrom bezab turipdi.Ehromning modernizm uslubida qurilgan an’anadorlarga yoqmagani aniq. Ular ushbu inshoot Uyg‘onish davri uslubi va mavqeiga putur yetkazadi deb hisoblar edilar.Gyote ushbu me’morchilik asarini to‘xtab qolgan musiqa deb atagan bo‘lsa, Peyning tanqidchilari uni sinf taxtasi bo‘ylab tirnoqning g‘ichirlashiga o‘xshatishgan. Ilg‘or fikrli kishilar esa bo‘yi yetmish fut keladigan shaffof ehromni qadimiy an’analar va zamonaviy tehnologiyalarning ajoyib uyg‘unligi, o‘tmish va bugungi kunni bog‘lab turuvchi ramziy halqa deb hisoblashgan.Ular ana shunday bezakka ega Luvr uchinchi ming yillikda o‘zining munosib o‘rniga ega bo‘lishiga ishonganlar.(“Da Vinchi siri”) In this SSI, the views of traditionalists and progressive thinkers on the pyramid are contradicted by antithesis. Highly processed foods – package goods made from high amounts of sugar and other simple carbohydrates - drain us more than they fuel us. Rather than increasing your energy, these essentially “dead”foods cause your to spike and then crash, leaving you tired and listless. On the other hand, whole foods like fruits, vegetables,nuts,and seeds typically keep you healthier and maintain your energy levels,empowering your body and mind and enabling you to perform at your best.(“Miracle morning millonaires”) Differentiation in SSIs is also involved in the expression of comparison. “Differentiation is the definition of a differential sign in two things — an event or a situation.” It is logically different from an antithesis event in that two opposite objects are compared in the antithesis, but these objects are distinguished on different comparative parameters. [11,79]For example, “O‘rdakning uzri Poklarning poki bo‘lib o‘rdak suvdan chiqdi, boshqa qushlar ichida u yaxshilik va poklik ramzi edi. Dedi: - Ikki jahonda biron kishi mendan ko‘ra pokroq, pok yuzliroq emas. Har lahzada savob uchun g‘usl qilib, suv uzra joynamoz to‘shayman. Menga o‘xshab hech kim suv ustida tik turolmaydi. Karomatimga shubha qilolmaysiz. Qushlarning pok niyatli zohidi menman, joyim ham, to‘nim ham tozadir. Men jahonda suvsiz yasholmayman, chunki men tug‘ilganimdan suvdaman va suv mening borlig‘imdir...”(“Mantiqut-tayr (nariy bayoni)”). Volume 02 Issue 03-2022 18 American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2273) VOLUME 02 ISSUE 04 Pages: 14-20 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 445) OCLC – 1121105677 METADATA IF – 5.963 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi In this Uzbek example, the duck distinguishes itself from other birds by certain features - purity and face. In this case, a differentiation phenomenon is observed. “Hanry Ford, Thomas A. Edison, and Harvey Firestone are men of great achievement in their respective fields of endeavor. Of the three, Henry Ford is the most powerful, with reference to economic power. So great is his power that he may have anything of a physical nature that he desires, or its equivalent. Millions of dollars, to him, are but playthings, no harder to acquire than the grains of sand with which the child builds and tunnels.”(“Law of success”) In this example, it is emphasized that Henry Ford is stronger than other businessmen. He is differentiated according his strength from others and by this process the phenomenon of differentiation was performed. Based on the above information, it is possible to distinguish two types of comparative SSI: 1. SSI with contrasting content; 2. SSI with differential comparative content. Sources point out that the texts with the meaning similarity contain comparative elements such as comparee, standart of comparison, standart marker, and parameter.[4,97] Comparative elements are also present in SSIs with the contrasting meaning. However, the comparison components are not fully involved in SSIs with a contrasting content. In it, since two poles are compared on the basis of two opposite comparison signs, one of the objects that being compared cannot be compare or the standard of comparison. The reason is that they are two independent opposing views, one of which cannot be the norm for the other. It is precisely from this situation that it is correct to name them as the objects of comparison by combining these components. In addition, this type of SSI involves two or more opposing parameters representing a comparative relative. For example, “Bir bor ekan, bir yo‘q ekan, bir chol bor ekan. Uning Zumrad ismli qizi bor ekan. Chol bir qizi bor ayolga uylanibdi. Qizining ismi Qimmat ekan. O‘gay ona Zumradni yoqtirmas ekan. Eng og‘ir ishlarni unga buyurar, qarg‘ab, urarkan. Uzining qizini juda yaxshi ko‘rarkan, doim uni maqtagani maqtagan ekan. Zumrad aqlli, chiroyli va muloyim qiz ekan. Qimmat esa unga hich ham o‘xshamas ekan. U tantiq, qo‘pol va dangasa ekan. Kun bo‘yi ovqat yer, bo‘lar- bo‘lmasga urisharkan. ”(“Qimmat va Zumrad”ertagidan) In this example, Zumrad's qualities such as intelligence, beauty, and gentleness are compared to that of Qimmat, who is elegant, rude, and lazy. In this case, the two objects are in conflict with each other Volume 02 Issue 03-2022 19 American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2273) VOLUME 02 ISSUE 04 Pages: 14-20 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 445) OCLC – 1121105677 METADATA IF – 5.963 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi with independent Parameters. A comparison is emerged through the standart marker such as esa. In contrast, in SSIs with differential comparative content, the elements of comparison are fully involved. The main reason for this is that the two objects are compared on the basis of certain comparative parameter. For example, “Boshlovchi kishi uchun qorong‘ilikda eshik bor, bu yorug‘likdan ko‘ra yaxshiroq. Qorong‘ilikda u sahovat dengiziga butkul cho‘madi va demak, vujudidan biror qismi dengizdan tashqarida qolmaydi. Zero, shu dengizdan uning bir qismi tashqarida qolib, zohir bo‘lsa, shunga mag‘rurlanib, kufrga beriladi. Neki hasad va g‘azabdan senda bo‘lsa, buni piri komillar ko‘zi ko‘radi, sening o‘z ko‘zing buni ko‘rolmaydi. Senda ajdar, ilonlar bilan to‘liq gulhan bor, sen g‘aflatda qolib, ularni qo‘yib yuborgansan. Kecha- kunduz ularni parvarish etasan, ularning to‘ymas ishtahasi domidadirsan, fitnalariga giriftorsan. Agar sen botiningdagi palidliklarni ko‘rolganingda, bunaqa g‘ofil o‘tirmas eding. ”(“Mantiqut-tayr”) In this SSI, compare is represented by “eshik”, the standard of comparison is “yorug’lik”, the parameter of comparison is “yaxshi”, and the standart marker is represented by “-dan ko’ra” . CONCLUSION In short, the fact that the relation of comparison is also expressed through the unit of text is a peculiarly complex process, and the study of issues related to this process is important in linguistics. The comparative relation is a broad category is also proved by the fact that it is expressed through the linguistic units, in particular, super syntactic integrity. REFERENCES 1. Brinker K .Textstrukturanalyse.Halban d.Walter de gruyter:Berlin.-pp80-85 2. Gulomov A., Asqarova M. Hozirgi o‘zbek adabiy tili. Sintaksis. –Toshkent: O‘qituvchi, 1987; 3. Hakimov M. O‘zbek ilmiy matning sintagmatik va pragmatik xususiyatlari. Filol.fan.nomz. diss… –Toshkent, 1993. 4. Hudoyberganova D. Matnning antropotsentrik tadqiqi. – Toshkent:”Fan”.2013 5. Jurin S , Kriskovic A.Texts and their usage through text linguistic and cognitive linguistic analysis.2017.-Rijeka.-21p 6. Loseva L.M.Kak stroitsya tekst.Mokva.,1980.str.63 7. Mamajonov A. Tekst lingvistikasi. –T.: 1989; 8. Mamajonov A. Yirik sintaktik birliklar // O‘zbek tili va adabiyoti, 1980. –№5; Sverxfrazovoe yedinstvo kak sintaktiko-stilisticheskaya kategoriya // Sov. tyurkologiya. –Baku, 1983. – № 6 Volume 02 Issue 03-2022 20 American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2273) VOLUME 02 ISSUE 04 Pages: 14-20 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 445) OCLC – 1121105677 METADATA IF – 5.963 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi 9. Mamajonov A., Abdupattoev M. Matn nazariyasi. –Farg‘ona, 2016. –114. 10. Nosirova U. Poetik matnlarning pragmatik hususiyatlari.PHD disser.-Farg‘ona.2021.-B.31. 11. Qurbonova M., Yo‘ldoshev M. Matn tilshunosligi. –Toshkent: “Universitet” nashriyoti, 2014. 12. Shomaqsudov A., Rasulov I., Qo‘ng‘urov R., Rustamov H. O‘zbek tili stilistikasi. Toshkent: O‘qituvchi, 1983. –B. 147. 13. Turniyozov N. Matn lingvistikasi (ma’ruzalar matni). –Samarqand, 2004.