Volume 02 Issue 11-2022 82 American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2273) VOLUME 02 ISSUE 11 PAGES: 82-87 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 445) OCLC – 1121105677 METADATA IF – 5.963 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi ABSTRACT This article describes the emergence of postmodernism in world literature, its stages of development, its formation as a separate trend from modernism, and its current state on the basis of various literary approaches. KEYWORDS World literature, postmodernism, modernism, trends, literary approaches. INTRODUCTION First of all, we should emphasize that postmodern literature and postmodernism in general as a full- fledged movement are concepts that are difficult to explain with specific words. The 20th century, as the most powerful century in human history, presented them not only with two world wars, the peak of scientific achievements, absolute changes in human psychology, but also with two global trends such as modernism and postmodernism. The current of modernism, which made a sharp turn in literature, not only rejected the traditional forms and styles of fiction, but also encouraged to understand the deep Research Article IDEAS OF POSTMODERNISM IN THE LITERATURE OF THE XXI CENTURY Submission Date: November 05, 2022, Accepted Date: November 15, 2022, Published Date: November 29, 2022 Crossref doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume02Issue11-11 Ruzieva Saodat Hasanovna Bsmi, Teacher Of English Language Department, Uzbekistan Journal Website: https://theusajournals. com/index.php/ajps Copyright: Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the creative commons attributes 4.0 licence. https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume02Issue11-11 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=IDEAS%20OF%20POSTMODERNISM%20IN%20THE%20LITERATURE%20OF%20THE%20XXI%20CENTURY https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps https://theusajournals.com https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume02Issue11-11 https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume02Issue11-11 Volume 02 Issue 11-2022 83 American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2273) VOLUME 02 ISSUE 11 PAGES: 82-87 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 445) OCLC – 1121105677 METADATA IF – 5.963 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi psychological processes in a person by penetrating into the mind of the character of the work. And postmodernism managed to bring the artistic textual features of literature, which have been formed and interpreted differently in different periods, to the scene of an unimaginable level of revolution. Mature scholars of the world of literature have not yet been able to come to a conclusion about the specific features, scope and importance of postmodernism. In this work, the conclusions of world scientists on postmodernism based on different approaches serve as the most important sources for the interpretation of this movement. Based on their conclusions, we should emphasize that before defining postmodernism as a philosophical and literary movement, we should first analyze it more deeply on the basis of its emergence - the state of postmodern times. Postmodernism in its original state is neither a philosophical nor a literary movement. The well-known French scientist Jean- Francois Lyotard describes the state of science in societies that have reached the peak of development as the postmodern state [23, 3]. Like all currents, the emergence, rise and fall of postmodernism are not defined by exact dates. Some critics sometimes point to the beginning of postmodernism as a "rough border" with the deaths of Irish writer James Joyce and English writer Virginia Woolf in 1941, vacating the literary scene. Another group of literary scholars argue that the starting point of postmodern literature can be determined by the rise of important publications or literary events. We saw the first publication of John Hawkes' Cannibal and Alan Ginsberg's The Cry in 1949, the first staged performances of Waiting for Godot and Naked Lunch in 1953, and Jacques Derrida's Structure, Sign and Death in 1966. yin" or later in 1971, the Egyptian-American literary critic and writer Ihab Hasan presented a two-pillar scheme in "The Disintegration of Orpheus" that allowed us to further distinguish postmodernism from modernism. We can show as a proof of our word that the flow of postmodernism entered the scene of world literature as a literary flow. If we look at the history of the term postmodernism, we will come across information that the term postmodern, which is its basis, was used for the first time in 1926. In her bibliographic work, "A Bibliography of Postmodernism: 1926-1994," Deborah Medson points out that the term postmodernism was used more than 20 years before it was recorded in the Oxford English Dictionary. In some sources, we can see the ideas of postmodernism. Chapman proposes a postmodern style in art in order to move away from French impressionism. J.M. Thompson, in a 1914 article published in Gibbert's Philosophical Review, uses the term "Post-Modernism" to describe changes in attitudes and views of criticism of religion. The compound "post", which is the main part of postmodernism, was used for the first time as a starting point of the "postalization" process in the https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume02Issue11-11 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=IDEAS%20OF%20POSTMODERNISM%20IN%20THE%20LITERATURE%20OF%20THE%20XXI%20CENTURY https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps Volume 02 Issue 11-2022 84 American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2273) VOLUME 02 ISSUE 11 PAGES: 82-87 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 445) OCLC – 1121105677 METADATA IF – 5.963 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi 1880s as part of the terms "Post-Impressionism" and "post-industrial" between 1914-1922, and in the 1960s led to the development of literature, social ideas, economics and even religion (for example, Post- Christianity) in a "post" form. We can shed some light on the factors that led to the development of various industries in the "post" form and the transition of development to the "postalization" process. Scientists put forward the opinion that "the negative mood after a very strong and significant creative flow (Modernism)" or a way to get out of the negative ideological environment caused by this negative mood is the current of postmodernism. A lot of people emphasize that in order to understand postmodernism and to fully understand its essence, it is necessary to analyze modernism sufficiently, to study the history of its development as a literary movement in depth. Although at first glance the term postmodernism seems to be a special continuation of modernism, it is appropriate to interpret postmodernism as a separate and deeply independent trend, taking into account the fact that there are more differences than similarities between them. At this point, we will be able to go deeper into its artistic features by listing the different aspects of postmodernism from modernism. It is safe to say that the sharp political, social and economic changes at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century confused the people of that time. As a result, people were offered only a few ways to live life. American modernist writer William Faulkner's work "The Noise and the Fury" can be a great proof of our above opinion. The heroes of modern times embody three categories of the same age: like Quentin, they escape from life's bargains by taking their own lives, like Jacob, they worship money only after possessions, or like Benjamin, they make a fool of themselves in this way. overcome life. The postmodern hero is not like any of the above. He is quite perfect, his perfection is that he is immune to all external and internal forces. As a proof of these words, we present the story of the appointment of Noah as God's representative on earth in the work of the English writer Julian Barnes, "The History of the World in 10 ½ Chapters", a passenger without a ticket. - We can cite the Wood Worm as an example. Professor of Boston University David W. Scott in his 2011 lecture "On Postmodernism" argued that the reason for the development of postmodernism as a "post" i.e. "state after modernity" is its criticism and rejection of the ideas and aspects of "modernity". states that he found the opposite [2, 3]. The scientist points out that in order to understand postmodernism, we need to pay attention to how postmodernism rejects the literary aspects of modernism, in what way it encourages understanding of the world, and what it encompasses more. In his opinion, postmodernism rejects historical progress and emphasizes the https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume02Issue11-11 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=IDEAS%20OF%20POSTMODERNISM%20IN%20THE%20LITERATURE%20OF%20THE%20XXI%20CENTURY https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps Volume 02 Issue 11-2022 85 American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2273) VOLUME 02 ISSUE 11 PAGES: 82-87 SJIF IMPACT FACTOR (2022: 5. 445) OCLC – 1121105677 METADATA IF – 5.963 Publisher: Oscar Publishing Services Servi importance of the idea that history is progressing for modernism. Postmodernism rejects this idea mainly because it is "metanarrative", that is, based on someone else's story. In our opinion, here the author emphasizes that postmodern writers are based on the concept that there is no truth in history based on people's stories. Also, postmodernists reject the optimism of modernists towards people. Of course, postmodernists do not put forward the strong idea that all people are bad, but they describe the human attempts to dominate and satisfy other desires as the characteristics of their imperfection and describe it as an undeniable truth. And again, they emphasize that the claims of modernists that people can achieve perfection are inappropriate and that it is extremely dangerous to portray them as perfect. While modernists tend to use symbolism as a symbolic association to fully understand the essence of values, postmodernists seek refuge from Dadaism by publicly demonstrating the absence of meaning in a meaningless world [1, 32]. Modernists use the power of art and literature to advance their hierarchical goals, postmodernists, who have achieved the totality of knowledge, use the opportunity given to them, and are inclined to a stronger anarchy. It is more important for them to feel free to reject a lot of unjustified views and currents than to admit something and live by it. In conclusion, we can say that the reasons for the emergence of postmodernism and the stages of its development emphasize the need to consider it as a separate movement. In their writings, modernists recognized that disturbances in human psychology have caused mass and rapid changes in all aspects of life, whether positive or negative, and that people can overcome these changes by developing these characteristics. 'stated that postmodern writers have learned that their postmodern characters have learned the difference between fact and fiction, and now accept or believe them to be true in history books or other books designed to present 'universal truths'. they cannot convince of their things. In conclusion, we should note that postmodernism differs from modernism, which led to two world wars that ended tragically, and operated under the idea of "unification", in its logical views and in its importance and co- operation. 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THE THEORY OF INTERTEXTUALITY AS A PARADIGM AND THE IMPACT OF THIS THEORY ON TRANSLATION. https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume02Issue11-11 https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=IDEAS%20OF%20POSTMODERNISM%20IN%20THE%20LITERATURE%20OF%20THE%20XXI%20CENTURY https://www.mendeley.com/search/?page=1&query= https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps