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American Journal of  Physical Education 
and Health Science (AJPEHS)

Strategic Intervention Material (SIM): Its Effectiveness in Teaching Beauty Nail Care 
Services

Jane Delano R. Estipona1*

Volume 2 Issue 1, Year 2024
ISSN: 2992-9679 (Online) 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54536/ajpehs.v2i1.2412
https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajpehs

Article Information ABSTRACT

Received: February 21, 2024

Accepted: March 25, 2024

Published: March 28, 2024

The implementation of  the Senior High School program has paved the way for the inclusion 
of  technical and vocational education as one of  the four (4) tracks offered from Grade 11 to 
Grade 12; specifically, the Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) track has gained traction 
as the shift from content-based to outcome-based learning has becomes a tagline in most, if  
not all, schools in the country. Home Economics is one of  the TVL strands and Beauty Nail 
Care Services are part of  its subject which students face a decrease in performance. This 
led the researcher to develop Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) in which this descriptive 
research was conducted to determine the extent to which good characteristics of  a learning 
material was met as assessed by seven (7) experts; and its effectiveness in increasing the 
academic performance of  thirty (30) purposively chosen HE students. Findings revealed that 
SIM “very highly” met the characteristics of  a good learning material (x ̅=4.551, sd=0.447); 
the academic performance of  those who utilized the SIM was “Very Satisfactory” (x =̅85, 
sd=0.8.02); there was a significant difference in the academic performance of  those who 
utilized the SIM and those who were not (t=-2.030, p=0.047); and SIM was “Effective” 
(x ̅=2.772, sd=0.439) in terms of  Content, Clarity, Comprehensibility, and Usefulness. All 
supports and initiatives for utilizing this material was highly recommended. Results yield 
positive implications towards students’ skills in the said field, necessary for work immersion 
and TESDA assessment; and the HE curriculum being implemented in all senior high 
schools in the country.

Keywords
Beauty Nail Care Services, 
Strategic Intervention Material 
(SIM), Technical-Vocational-
Livelihood

INTRODUCTION 
Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) programs 
have spread out vast and significant contributions to 
agriculture, infrastructure, machineries, transportation, 
fashion, food industry, and other fields; which make up 
country’s improved economy all over the world. These 
contributions moved educational leaders to craft and 
implement TVL curriculums for formal education; 
therefore, developing students to become skillful and 
job-ready.
In the Philippines, two of  the initiatives of  the 
Department of  Education (DepEd) were the inclusion 
of  the Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) 
subject in the junior high school students; and the 
implementation of  the senior high school curriculum 
having TVL track. This track has four (4) strands: Agri-
Fishery Arts, Home Economics (HE), Information and 
Communication Technology (ICT), and Industrial Arts 
(Llego, 2023).
While the ICT and Industrial Arts strands focus on 
technology; the HE strand focuses on livelihood 
projects such as caregiving, cookery, bartending, baking, 
handicraft making, tourism, housekeeping, dressmaking, 
and such (College of  Arts and Technology, 2023). One 
of  the specialized subjects of  this strand is the beauty/
nail care in which according to the Canadian Centre for 
Occupational Health and Safety (2023); is associated 
with potential health and safety hazards such as 
biological (risk of  exposure to blood and exposed fungal 

infections), chemical (long and short-term exposure 
to high concentration of  hazardous nail products such 
as polishes, strengtheners, removers, and artificial nail 
liquids), ergonomic (stress, fatigue, etc.), physical (noise), 
psychological (exposure to workplace violence), and 
safety (electrical, fire, slips, trips, and fall).
These can be avoided if  students are well-educated and 
skilled through the subject. But in 2019, Aquino saw the 
problem of  decreased class performance skills in Beauty 
Care (Nail Care Services); and this subject was considered 
as hard, rare, and difficult to find strategies and references. 
In Antipolo City Senior High School, similar problem 
is also being encountered every school year. This is an 
indication of  also putting themselves (students) and their 
future customers to be at risks.
Therefore, the researcher as one of  “Beauty Nail Care 
Services” subject teachers conducted this study to 
address such problems; by proposing an intervention 
based on the least mastered skills of  his selected students 
for the School Year 2022-2023.   Upon initial research, it 
was found that the least mastered skills for Grade 11/12 
Beauty Nail Care Services, which many of  the learners 
were having difficulties with were: (1) Determine and test 
the appropriate temperature for the heat tolerance of  
the client (8.474%, rank 23; (2) Advise client on another 
service on a maintenance program (29.944%, rank 22); 
(3) Apply hand softening product and massage according 
to the prescribed procedure (35.028%, rank 20):; (4) 
Apply foot softening product and massage according 

1 Antipolo City Senior High School, DepEd, Antipolo, Philippines
* Corresponding author’s e-mail: janedelano.estipona@deped.gov.ph



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Am. J. Phys. Educ. Health Sci. 2(1) 30-34, 2024

to the prescribed procedure (34.746%, rank 21); and 
(5) Dispose of  waste products according to OHSC and 
Department of  Health requirements- 38.418% rank 19.
Using the results as the main basis, the teacher-researcher 
deems that the use of  Strategic Intervention Material 
(SIM) which focused on skills development to help 
students better understand the competencies where they 
needed improvement. This study was then conducted to 
determine : (1) how experts assessed the material in terms 
of  Content, Learning Objectives, Mechanics, Language 
and Style, Organization of  Ideas, Learning Assessment, 
and Functionality; (2) the academic performance of  
the students before and after SIM was utilized; (3) the 
significant difference in the performance of  those who 
utilized the SIM and those who were not; and (4) how 
students assess the effectiveness of  SIM in terms of  
Content, Clarity, Comprehensibility, and Usefulness.
Results yield positive implications towards students’ skills 
in the said field which are necessary for their upcoming 
work immersion and TESDA assessment; and the HE 
curriculum being implemented in his home school, and 
other senior high schools in the country.

LITERATURE REVIEW
The implementation of  the Senior High School program 
has paved the way for the inclusion of  technical and 
vocational education as one of  the four (4) tracks offered 
from Grade 11 to Grade 12; specifically, the Technical-
Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) track has gained traction as 
the shift from content-based to outcome-based learning 
has becomes a tagline in most, if  not all, schools in the 
country. The TVL track provides students with subjects 
focused on job-ready skills as it offers practical knowledge 
and exposure to earn National Certificates (NCs), helping 
them land their desired job after graduating Senior High 
School (Jaca & Javines Jr., 2022).
Based on Spencer (2023), TVL track is a specialized 
education course developed by the Department of  
Education to strengthen and improve the skills of  
these students before their chosen career path; in which 
completion and certification of  TVL courses can help 
them achieve eligible credentials for local and overseas 
job qualifications. Llego (2023) described its four (4) 
strands as follows:

Agricultural-Fishery Arts (AFA) Strand
This TVL component consists of  specializations 
equivalent to qualifications under agriculture and fishery 
sectors. Students with agri-fishery arts specializations will 
be able to demonstrate necessary skills/competencies and 
values on the cultivation of  plants and animal production 
to harvest food and other products using available 
technologies on farming and on raising, harvesting, and 
capturing fish and other aquatic resources. Schools that 
offer these specializations must have adequate facilities 
for students’ laboratory classes.

Home Economics (HE) Strand
This TVL component consists of  specializations 

equivalent to qualifications under garments, tourism, 
health, processed food and beverages, and social and 
other community development service sectors. Students 
with home economics specializations will be able to 
demonstrate the necessary skills, competencies, and 
values in taking care of  oneself  and one’s family, and 
in providing efficient services to others and to the 
community.

Industrial Arts (IA) Strand
This TVL component consists of  specializations 
equivalent to qualifications under automotive and 
land transport, construction, electronics, furniture and 
fixture, metal and engineering, and utilities sectors. 
Students with industrial arts specializations will be able 
to demonstrate the skills, competencies, and values in 
providing repair and maintenance services, installation, 
manual craftsmanship, and machine safety using available 
industrial and engineering technologies.

Information and Communications Technology 
(ICT) Strand
This TVL component consists of  specializations 
equivalent to qualifications under the information and 
communication technologies sector. Students with ICT 
specializations will be able to demonstrate the skills, 
competencies, and values in effective application, use, 
and management of  technology in the context of  system 
designing and customer service.
Among these TVL strands, Home Economics offers the 
only service which caters the needs for beauty and nail 
care. Beauty Care (Nail Care) Services in the Senior High 
School (SHS) leads to National Certificate Level II (NC 
II); and it covers four common competencies that a Grade 
11/12 Home Economics (HE) student ought to possess, 
namely: 1) use of  tools and equipment; 2) interpreting 
nail design; 3) practicing Occupational Health and Safety 
Procedures (OHSP); and 4) maintain tools, equipment 
and paraphernalia (Department of  Education, 2019).
As it was just new in the basic education curriculum, though 
it was almost 8 years since K to 12 was implemented in the 
Philippines; its finest implementation was not yet achieved. 
Problems such as lack of  instructional materials, learning 
materials, teachers’ skills, and others; which has been 
yearly reflected in the students’ performance in the beauty 
and nail care subjects; is challenging its implementation. 
When Ypanto (2022) studied how availability of  materials, 
tools, and equipment impact students’ competencies in 
nail care services; she recommended that beauty-nail 
care students’ competencies can be improved through 
sufficient materials and equipment. 
The researcher utilized previous results of  the studies 
conducted about the performance of  senior high school 
students in this subject which were learning resources-
related. These were then used as basis in doing similar 
or relevant study to come up with solutions. Utilizing the 
students’ performance in this subject which is currently 
and previously handled by the researcher is a good step 
to determine the intervention needed to address existing 



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problem. The development of  the Strategic Intervention 
Material (SIM) was considered to be one; and this study 
will be conducted to determine its effectiveness in helping 
the learners increase in their performance.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This is a combination of  a descriptive and causal 
comparative research. Descriptive research was employed 
for describing the experts’ assessment of  the SIM, the 
academic performance of  the students before and after 
utilizing the SIM, and the students’ assessment of  the 
effectiveness of  the SIM. Causal comparative was fitted 
in determining the significant difference of  performance 
of  those who utilized the SIM and those who were 
not. An adapted survey questionnaire was administered 
among selected experts and students; and official records 
of  students’ performance were acquired with permit. The 
seven (7) experts, thirty (30) students for the School Year 

2023-2024, and twenty-nine (29) students for the School 
Year 2022-2023; were all purposively chosen for the 
study. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics such 
as mean and standard deviation; and inferential statistics 
through the use of  t Test for significant difference. 
Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) program 
was applied for the computation of  data.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The following were data obtained from the targeted 
respondents based on the four (4) specific objectives:

The Experts’ Assessment Towards Strategic 
Intervention Material (SIM)
The following data was a summary of  the assessments 
administered to seven (7) experts in Beauty Nail Care 
Services and its curriculum:
As shown in Table 1, the component which obtained the 

Table 1: The Extent that SIM Met the Characteristics of  a Good Learning Material
Components Mean (x̅) Standard Deviation (sd) Rank Verbal Interpretation
Content 4.571 0.429 3.5 Very High
Learning Objectives 4.500 0.481 7 Very High
Mechanics 4.607 0.453 2 Very High
Language and Style 4.657 0.443 1 Very High
Organization of  Ideas 4.571 0.554 3.5 Very High
Learning Assessment 4.543 0.500 8 Very High
Usability 4.595 0.418 6 Very High
Functionality 4.371 0.605 9 High
Overall 4.551 0.447 Very High

Legend:
4.500-5.000 Very High 
2.500-2.499 Neutral 
1.500-2.499 Low
3.500-4.499 High 
1.000-1.499 Very Low

highest mean value of  4.657 with a standard deviation 
of  0.443 was Language and Style; and the lowest mean 
value of  4.371 with a standard deviation of  0.605 was 
obtained for Functionality.  The overall computed mean 
value of  4.551 with a standard deviation of  0.447, 
indicates that the experts assess the extent to which SIM 
met the characteristics of  a good learning materials was 
“Very High”. Except for Functionality, all the rest of  the 
components were rated to be “Very High”. This means 
that SIM was very much ready for utilization as a learning 
material in Beauty Nail Care Services subject for Grade 
11/12 students.

Also, the strength of  the materials were the language and 
style used in presenting its content. Based on Sardana & 
Rathore (2022), using a language that the students know, 
helps amplify the learning process and makes it more 
effective for them to grasp the concepts that they need 
to learn. Other benefits of  using language that students 
understand were increase of  academic performance, 
improve of  concentration, having more powerful 
memory, stronger communication skills, and more 
creativity (Spence, 2022). Therefore, it was good that SIM 
utilized language and style which can be easily understood 
by the students. 

The Performance of  the HE Students
The following data is the academic performance of  the 
HE students based on their General Weighted Average 
(GWA) for the two (2) consecutive school years:
Table 2 shows that before the utilization of  the Strategic 

Table 2: Academic Performance Before and After Utilization of  SIM
School Year (No. of  
Students)

Minimum Grade Maximum Grade Mean Grade SD Verbal Interpretation

S.Y. 2022-2023 (29) 72 95 81 7.03 Satisfactory
S.Y. 2023-2024 (30) 74 97 85 8.02 Very Satisfactory



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Intervention Material (SIM) during the School Year 2022-
2023, the average grade of  the students taking Beauty 
Nail Care Services subject was 81 (sd=7.03) which was 
described to be “Satisfactory”. When SIM was utilized 
for the School Year 2023-2024; there was a great increase 
in the students’ academic performance as it reached the 
“Very Satisfactory” rating (x ̅=85,sd=8.02). This means 
that students obtained scores in the quarterly examination 
which were almost close to the outstanding performance. 

This was also an indication that learning was grasp and 
skills were already developed through the utilization of  
the material. 
It was a good result because Aquino (2019) saw the 
problem of  decreased class performance skills in Beauty 
Care (Nail Care Services); and this subject was considered 
as hard, rare, and difficult to find strategies and references. 
The development of  SIM somehow helped in addressing 
the identified problems causing decrease in performance 
as it helped the students performed well in the subject. 

The Comparison of  the Academic Performances 
Before and After Utilizing SIM
The following data shows how students’ academic 
performances differ from each other depending on the 
material used in teaching them:

Table 3: Difference in the Academic Performance Before and After the Utilization of  SIM
Group of  Respondents Mean Grade Computed  t-Value Significance Value 

(2-tailed)
Verbal 
Interpretation

Before (S.Y. 2022-2023) 81 -2.030 0.047 Significant, Reject 
Null HypothesisAfter (S.Y. 2023-2024) 85

The computed t-value of  -2.030 with a significance value 
at 2-tailed of  0.047 (See Table 3), only proved that the 
performance of  the students in which SIM was utilized 
was higher and significantly different from those who did 
not utilize the material. Therefore, the null hypothesis was 
rejected. Differences implied that SIM was an effective 
material in increasing students’ academic performance 
in Beauty Nail Care Services subject. Tongol et.al. (2022) 
also proved and said that using learning materials can help 

improve students’ academic performance in many subject 
areas. Meaning, the contents of  the material were understood 
and put into practice which became the students’ skills. As 
they learned the skills, knowledge was retailed that helped 
them answered the questions in their examination.

HE Students’ Assessment of  the Effectiveness of  SIM
The following data shows how HE students assessed the 
effectiveness of  the SIM:

Table 8: Summary of  the Effectiveness of  Strategic Intervention Material
Components Mean (x̅) Standard Deviation (sd) Rank Verbal Interpretation
Content 2.722 0.588 4 Effective
Clarity 2.778 0.542 3 Effective
Comprehensibility 2.789 0.396 2 Effective
Usefulness 2.800 0.558 1 Effective
Overall 2.772 0.439 Effective

Legend:
3.500-4.000 Strongly Agree (Very Effective)
1.500-2.499 Disagree (Ineffective)
2.500-2.499 Agree (Effective)
1.000-1.499 Strongly Disagree (Very Ineffective)

As summarized in Table 8, Usefulness obtained the 
highest mean value of  2.800 with a standard deviation of  
0.558; while Content obtained the lowest mean value of  
2.722 with a standard deviation of  0.588. The students 
who utilized SIM described the effectiveness of  the 
material as “Effective” by the computed overall mean 
value of  2.772 with a standard deviation of  0.439. This 
means that, respondents were of  fun of  using the SIM 
because its contents were useful for them to learn the 
knowledge of  skills of  Beauty Nail Care Services. Though 
it was already effective for them in all its components, 

improvements may still be undertaken to obtain or reach 
the highest level of  effectiveness. 
Improving its contents may help students more in terms 
of  their academic.  Learning materials are essential and 
significant tools needed for learning as these improve 
student’s performance; because when learners are 
presented with these learning tools and effectively used 
them, these are capable of  captivating students’ interest, 
stimulate desires in learning and make them an active 
participant (Project House, 2023). Not only it is best 
for students.  Learning materials also assist teachers in 
effectively implementing the curriculum and achieving 
educational objectives. In Beauty Nail Care Services 
subject, SIM is an effective material that students could 
explore on.

Legend:
90-100 Outstanding
75-79 Fairly Satisfactory
85-89 Very Satisfactory
Below 75 Did Not Meet Expectation
80-84 Satisfactory



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CONCLUSIONS
The salient findings of  this basic action research, led the 
researcher to conclude that the Strategic Intervention 
Material (SIM) was so much ready for utilization in Beauty 
Nail Care Services subject of  Home Economics (HE) 
students; as it met the good characteristics of  a learning 
material in terms of  Content, Learning Objectives, 
Mechanics, Language and Style, Organization of  Ideas, 
Learning Assessment, Usability, and Functionality.  The 
students who utilized the SIM had a “Very Satisfactory” 
performance indicating their mean score in quarterly 
examination in Beauty Nail Care Services subject was 
above average. This means that they obtained a passing 
score in the identified subject.  The score of  the students 
who utilized the SIM was higher and significantly different 
from the score of  the students who did not use the SIM. 
Therefore, the null hypothesis stating no significant 
difference in the academic performance of  the students 
before and after the utilization of  the materials, was 
rejected.  Lastly; the SIM was effective for the students 
who utilized this material which means that its content, 
clarity, comprehensibility, and usefulness were manifested 
and have been experienced by the students. These led the 
students to having an increase academic performance in 
the subject. 

Acknowledgements 
I would like to express my sincere appreciation to the 
students who participated as respondents from Antipolo 
City Senior High School. Their dedication and efforts 
greatly contributed to the successful implementation and 
completion of  this research.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the School 
Head for granting me the opportunity and approval to 
conduct this research. The support and encouragement 
provided have been instrumental in the successful 
execution of  this study.
I extend my heartfelt appreciation to my lifetime partner, 
Shierley Sibayan, and my siblings, Hermie, Shinna, 
David Jr., Diego, along with my sisters-in-law, and my 
mother, Ellen, for their unwavering support during the 
development of  my action research.
I also acknowledge the contributions of  individuals 
who, although not listed in the author list, provided 
valuable insights and assistance during the manuscript’s 
development.
The researcher, Jane Delano R. Estipona, is grateful for 
the collective efforts and support of  everyone involved 
in making this research a reality. This acknowledgment 
serves as a testament to the collaborative spirit that 
enriched the quality of  this study.

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