319 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies Volume 01, Issue 09, 2023 ISSN (E): 2993-2157 Root of Conflict Between Iran and USA Sadullayeva Kamolakhon Fayzulla qizi Master’s Degree Student of the faculty of International Law University of World Economy and Diplomacy Abstract: This article provides an overview of the concept of Conflict between United States of America and Iran The conflict between Iran and the USA is rooted in a combination of political, ideological, and geopolitical factors. These two countries have had strained relations for several decades, with various incidents and disputes contributing to the ongoing conflict. There are ideological differences between the two countries. Iran is an Islamic republic with a revolutionary ideology, while the USA is a secular democracy. These ideological differences, along with differing geopolitical interests, have further fueled the conflict. It is important to note that the conflict between Iran and the USA is complex issue with multiple dimensions and regional implications. Keywords: Conflict, USA, Iran, relations, International law, Economic influence, United nation. Introduction The conflict between the USA and Iran has been a complex and multifaceted issue with a long history. It has involved various incidents, including military confrontations, economic sanctions, and diplomatic disputes. U.S.-Iran relations have been mostly adversarial since the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran. U.S. officials and official reports consistently identify Iran’s support for militant armed factions in the Middle East region a significant threat to U.S. interests and allies. Attempting to constrain Iran’s nuclear program took precedence in U.S. policy after 2002 as that program advanced. The United States also has sought to thwart Iran’s purchase of new conventional weaponry and development of ballistic missiles[1].One significant event in the conflict was the USA’s withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in 2018. The JCPOA was a nuclear agreement between Iran and several world powers, including the USA. The USA’s withdrawal led to the reimposition of economic sanctions on Iran, which had a significant impact on its economy[2]. There have also been instances of military tensions between the two countries. For example, in January 2020, the USA conducted a targeted airstrike that killed Iranian General Qasem Soleimani, leading to a further escalation of tensions. The conflict has not been limited to direct confrontations between the USA and Iran. It has also involved proxy wars and regional rivalries, with both countries supporting opposing factions in conflicts in the Middle East, such as in Syria, Iraq, and Yemen. Efforts have been made by various parties to de-escalate the tensions and find diplomatic solutions. However, achieving a comprehensive resolution has proven challenging due to the complex nature of the conflict and the differing interests of the involved parties. Mehodology.International law provides a framework for addressing conflicts and promoting peaceful resolution. The United Nations (UN) plays a significant role in this regard, as it serves 320 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us as a forum for states to discuss and negotiate disputes. The UN Charter emphasizes the peaceful settlement of conflicts and prohibits the threat or use of force, except in cases of self-defense or when authorized by the UN Security Council.International law recognizes different mechanisms for resolving conflicts, including negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and adjudication. These mechanisms aim to facilitate dialogue, promote compromise, and ultimately reach a mutually acceptable solution. International courts and tribunals, such as the International Court of Justice (ICJ), provide a forum for states to present their arguments and seek legal remedies.It is important to note that the application and enforcement of international law in conflicts can be complex and challenging. The consent of the parties involved, the political will to comply with legal obligations, and the availability of enforcement mechanisms all play a role in determining the effectiveness of international law in resolving conflicts.[3]One of the key factors contributing to the conflict is the fundamental differences in political ideologies and interests held by the USA and Iran. The USA is a democratic nation with a capitalist economic system, while Iran is an Islamic republic with a theocratic government. These ideological differences, along with competing regional and global interests, have often led to clashes and disagreements between the two countries. Resolving the conflict between Iran and the USA requires a multifaceted approach that involves diplomatic efforts, negotiations, and international cooperation. Here are some methods that have been used or proposed to address the conflict: ➢ Diplomatic Dialogue: Engaging in direct diplomatic talks between the two countries can help foster understanding, address grievances, and find common ground. This can be done through bilateral negotiations or facilitated by third-party mediators. ➢ Multilateral Diplomacy: Involving other countries or international organizations in the negotiation process can provide a broader perspective and increase the chances of reaching a mutually acceptable solution. Examples include the involvement of the United Nations, European Union, or regional organizations like the Gulf Cooperation Council. ➢ Confidence-Building Measures: Implementing confidence-building measures can help reduce tensions and build trust between Iran and the USA. This can include measures such as the exchange of prisoners, cultural exchanges, or joint initiatives in areas of common interest. ➢ Reinstating or Renegotiating Agreements: Reinstating or renegotiating agreements, such as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), can provide a framework for addressing specific issues and managing the conflict. This requires willingness from both sides to engage in good faith negotiations. However, Resolving the conflict between Iran and the USA is a complex and long-standing issue, and there is no one-size-fits-all solution. The success of any method depends on the willingness of both parties to engage in meaningful dialogue and compromise[4]. Analysis and Result. The conflict between the USA and Iran has had various consequences and outcomes. It is important to note that the situation is complex and evolving, and the long-term effects are still unfolding. However, I can provide an overview of some key results and impacts: 1. Economic Sanctions: The USA has imposed extensive economic sanctions on Iran, targeting its oil exports, banking sector, and other industries. These sanctions have had a significant impact on Iran’s economy, leading to a decline in oil revenues, currency devaluation, and increased inflation. 2. Regional Instability: The conflict has contributed to regional instability, particularly in the Middle East. Proxy wars and conflicts in countries like Syria, Iraq, and Yemen have been influenced by the rivalry between Iran and the USA, exacerbating existing tensions and leading to humanitarian crises. 3. Nuclear Deal: The USA’s withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal in 2018 had significant implications. Iran has gradually reduced its compliance with the deal’s restrictions on its 321 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us nuclear program in response to the sanctions. This has raised concerns about the potential for Iran to develop nuclear weapons and has strained diplomatic efforts to address the issue. 4. Military Confrontations: There have been instances of direct military confrontations between the USA and Iran, such as the killing of Iranian General Qasem Soleimani by a US drone strike in 2020. These incidents have heightened tensions and raised the risk of further escalation. 5. Diplomatic Efforts: Despite the conflicts and tensions, there have been occasional diplomatic efforts to de-escalate and find diplomatic solutions. These include negotiations, talks, and international mediation efforts. However, a comprehensive resolution to the conflict has not yet been achieved. Conclusion. It is important to note that the conflict between Iran and the USA is not limited to these factors alone. It is a complex issue with multiple dimensions and regional implications. Efforts have been made to address the conflict through diplomatic channels, but a comprehensive resolution has yet to be achieved. A worsening conflict with Iran would have significant economic, political, and security implications for the United States. Should the United States and Iran engage in military conflict, Iran could attempt to block the Strait of Hormuz, through which 30 percent of the world’s oil flows, which would raise oil prices globally. Moreover, the United States risks isolating itself from already beleaguered allies: in June 2019, NATO refused to commit to working with the United States to secure freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz. A U.S.-Iran confrontation could trigger an escalation of proxy warfare in countries like Syria and Yemen or an increase in Iranian missile strikes targeting the seventy thousand U.S. troops in the Middle East[5]. REFERENCES 1. U.S.-Iran Conflict and Implications for U.S. Policy 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action 3. Settlement of disputes in International Law - iPleaders 4. AQSh-Eron munosabatlarini shakllantirgan voqealarga nazar (amerikaovozi.com) 5. https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/confrontation-between-united-states-and- iran