424-429 THEORETICAL BASIS OF FOOD SUPPLY 424 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies Volume 01, Issue 09, 2023 ISSN (E): 2993-2157 THEORETICAL BASIS OF FOOD SUPPLY AND SECURITY Azamjonov Ulug‘bek Usmonjon o‘g‘li Public safety University of the Republic of Uzbekistan Senior teacher of the Department of Economic Sciences ulugbekazamjonov1606@gmail.com Abstract: this article describes the theoretical foundations and relevance of the concept of food supply. In addition, the theoretical basis and conditions of food safety are also explained. The opinions of economists who have conducted research on this topic in order to better illuminate the theoretical foundations of food supply and safety are also cited. Key words: food security, food supply, supply chain, reserves, public health, crisis, famine, economic security. Today, food supply is more important than ever. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization, "... according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization, currently 840 million people in the world More than one person, that is, almost one in eight people, is malnourished, more than 30 percent of the population of the planet is suffering from the problem of insufficient nutrition, lack of the most basic microelements and vitamins. Because of these reasons, more than 160 million children suffer from deficiencies in growth, physical and intellectual development. the information provided once again proves the relevance of food supply at the global level. In economic literature, the concept of "food supply" is interpreted as ensuring the guaranteed physical and economic availability of food products necessary for a healthy and active life of the population, as well as ensuring the right of a person to adequate nutrition and freedom from hunger. Today, some economists have expressed the term "food supply" and the term "food security" in the same sense, but some scientists deny this. Another group of economists use the terms food supply chain and food supply independence. Let's look at the definitions and approaches given to the term "food supply" by various economists. Alekseeva S.A. in his dissertation, "the first widely used term "food- cited that the original English term "food security" is translated as "food security" and "food supply".1 Chupryakova A.G. and Kosinskiy P.D. consider food supply as a set of economic relations in society that arise in the process of providing food to all members of society in accordance with the standards of quantity and quality.2 1 Алексеева С.А. Диверсификация государственной поддержки для обеспечения продовольственной безопасности: дис... канд. экон. наук. М., 2014. 175 с. 2 Чупрякова А.Г., Косинский П.Д. Продовольственное обеспечение населения промышленного региона: проблемы и перспективы // Международный журнал при-кладных и фундаментальных исследований. - 2016. - № 12-1. - с. 109-113. 425 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us Bondareva G.S. system of interaction between food supply producers, sellers, consumers and government bodies and details the population's needs for quality food.3 Shilov A.E. and Lubkov E.M. approach food supply more from the point of view of security and connect it with their own production and food exchange, and the main feature of food security, from their point of view, is food security of the population believes that it is the ability to satisfy their needs for high-quality food.4 The issue of providing food to the population is now more than ever becoming one of the main factors of maintaining the statehood and sovereignty of the country. Food security as a component of the economic security system is a complex systemic and multi-level problem. The term food security entered international circulation after the grain crisis of 1972-1973. During this period, in the case of excess food production in the developed countries, famine occurred among the population in the third world countries. This problem has begun to be discussed in the world community. This is at the heart of the discussion The UN General Assembly held in December 1974 approved the "International Commitments to Ensure World Food Security" developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. However, this document does not define the term food safety.5 The concept of food security was first proposed at the World Food Summit in 1974, “the existence at all times of sufficient global stocks of staple foods to sustain a sustained increase in food consumption and to cover fluctuations in production and prices” means.6 In recent years, the concept of food safety has been expanded to include the safety and nutritional value of food products, as well as personal preferences. There are many concepts and indicators in the current literature in the field of food safety. Despite the fact that there are many concepts and indicators related to food safety, the importance of this idea is recognized by everyone. Food security is a state of the economy in which, regardless of the fluctuations of the world markets, on the one hand, the conditions are created to meet the consumption in accordance with scientifically based indicators, and on the other hand, at the level of medical standards, the population is provided with food products. stable supply is guaranteed.7 According to FAO, food security means that all members of a household have physical and economic access to sufficient food without risk of loss. Food security is a broader term that encompasses food availability, nutritional status, food quality, and individual or group resilience.8 3 Бондарева Г.С. Продовольственное обеспечение населения: понятие, сущность и структура // Вестник Кемеровского государственного университета. - 2013. - № 3-1 (55). - с. 235-238. 4 Шилова А.Э., Лубкова Э.М. Продовольственное обеспечение промышленного региона: проблемы самообеспеченности населения и конкурентоспособности сельскохозяйственных производителей (на материалах Кемеровской области) //Региональные проблемы преобразования экономики. - 2018. - № 11(97). - с. 50¬57. - doi: 10.26726/1812-7096-2018-11-50-57. 5 Mamatov A.A. “Iqtisodiy xavfsizlik” darslik. Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Milliy gvardiyasi harbiy-texnik instituti. Toshkent. 6Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti. 1975. Jahon oziq-ovqat konferentsiyasi hisoboti, Rim, 5–16 noyabr 1974 yil. Nyu-York (United Nations. 1975. Report of the World Food Conference, Rome 5–16 November, 1974. New York). 2 Hoddinott (1999) FSA (Rossiya) va Maxwell, S.Smith, M. 1992.Uy xo’jaliklari oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi: g’oyalar, ko’rsatkichlar, o’lchovlar: texniktadqiqot. Nyu- YorkvaRim: 7Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti. 1975. Jahon oziq-ovqat konferentsiyasi hisoboti, Rim, 5–16 noyabr 1974 yil. Nyu- York (United Nations. 1975. Report of the World Food Conference, Rome 5–16 November, 1974. New York). 2 Hoddinott (1999) FSA (Rossiya) va Maxwell, S.Smith, M. 1992. Uy xo’jaliklari oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi: gʻoyalar, ko’rsatkichlar, o’lchovlar: texnik tadqiqot. Nyu-YorkvaRim: 8https://presmarymethuen.org/uz/dictionary/ 426 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us Food security is the continuous physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food for all people and a state characterized by economic access, necessary to meet their nutritional needs and eating habits and maintain an active and healthy lifestyle.9 Also, in our legislation, the concept of "food product safety" is defined as follows: "food product safety - food product compliance with sanitary, veterinary, veterinary-sanitary, phytosanitary rules and norms"10. As you can see, the definition refers to other regulatory documents without specifying the security requirement. The requirements that ensure the quality and safety of the product are mandatory and are established in accordance with the law or other regulatory document. Mandatory requirements for ensuring the safety of consumers are defined in the standards, sanitary norms and rules approved and controlled by the government of the Republic of Uzbekistan. According to the World Health Organization, food security consists of four aspects: food availability, food availability, food sustainability, and food access. Food availability - supply of necessary quality food products in the necessary amount through domestic production or import (including food aid). The most commonly used measure of food availability is the per capita daily energy expenditure (DES), measured in calories. According to FAO methods, the KES indicator is calculated according to the type of food consumption based on the food balance. Subject levels of the food security problem: global, interregional; interstate; state; local; population groups; family (households). The levels of the food security problem are international, domestic economic level, the level of individual people, families, social groups of the population, as well as the issue of continuous supply of food products, parameters representing food security, satisfaction of basic needs for products, is one of the important conditions for ensuring the country's food security. Food safety refers to the relationship that constitutes the level of public safety. Food security system of economic relations is determined by the whole system of economic relations of the country. As a result of the implementation of the anti-crisis measures adopted in our country, as well as further acceleration of modernization and diversification processes, stable economic growth rates are maintained. Protecting the country's economy from various threats, studying the processes taking place in several spheres of society's life, including issues related to corruption and shadow economy, and developing recommendations for their elimination, ensuring security by implementing measures is of great importance in current conditions. earns. In such conditions, the issue of ensuring the country's economic security and preventing various threats to it arises. A number of works are being carried out in our country to create added value by introducing deep processing of agricultural products, to achieve high economic efficiency as a result of the use of new technologies in product production. Especially in recent years, in addition to the production of agricultural products, a multi-sectoral cluster system engaged in processing, preparation, storage, sale, construction works and providing services, as well as creation of favorable conditions for the promotion and development of farms, deep distribution of agricultural products Laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan, presidential decrees and decrees, decisions, instructions and orders of the Cabinet of Ministers in the direction of developing new processing enterprises equipped with the most modern high-tech equipment for the production of processing, semi-finished and finished 9 Бондарева С.А., Продовольственная безопасность, Учебное пособие/ Волгоград-2021, 10 с. 10 O’zbekiston Respublikasining qonuni “Oziq-ovqat mahsulotining sifati va xavfsizligi to’gʻrisida”- 2-modda. http://lex.uz/pages/getpage.aspxlact_id=20326 427 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us food and packaging products, the adoption of more than 30 documents in total indicates the incomparable national importance of ensuring the stability of the domestic market and food safety, as well as increasing the export potential of agriculture. The food security system is a direct influence of the socio-economic situation, natural and economic potential, the solvency of the population of the country and individual regions, the degree of dependence of the national market on imports, the rational use of agricultural production and land resources, and the development of the agro-industrial complex. is inextricably linked with the processes involved. In this regard, ensuring food safety is one of the main conditions of economic and social stability and state independence, as well as being of strategic importance in national policy. External factors of ensuring food security include: increasing global food prices and increasing demand from developing countries; change of climatic conditions; increase in the scale of biofuel use; geopolitical factors. Achieving food security in many countries of the world depends on the implementation of strategies and programs in agriculture and trade. In order to ensure the socio-economic development of our country, the Decree on the "Strategy of Actions on Five Priority Areas of Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-2021", signed by President Sh. M. Mirziyoyev on February 7, 2017, also in the priority areas of economic development and liberalization of the country special attention is paid to food security, deepening of structural changes and consistent development of agricultural production, further strengthening of the country's food security, expanding the production of environmentally friendly products, and significantly increasing the export potential of the agricultural sector are set as priority tasks. To further ensure the country's food security, fill the market with quality, safe and affordable food products, strengthen the purchasing power of the population, liberalize foreign economic activities and develop a healthy competitive environment, as well as eliminate the existing systemic problems in this field. Presidential decree No. PF-5303 of January 16, 2018, "On measures to further ensure the food security of the country", adopted for the purpose of giving is a clear proof of our opinion. Mechanisms for ensuring food safety are ensured by implementing the following activities in harmony based on the established target criteria: introduction of a system of food safety identification, evaluation and anticipation of possible risks at the level of all regions of the republic; introduction of a system of regulatory and legal documents harmonized with international requirements for ensuring food safety; sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex and implementation of the system of regulation and management of ensuring food safety, which ensures the fulfillment of the set target criteria at the level of all regions of the republic. A number of measures are being implemented in Uzbekistan to ensure food safety, fill the domestic market with high-quality, safe and cheap food products, and strengthen the purchasing power of the population. The decree of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev dated January 16 of this year "On measures to further ensure the food security of the country" brings the work in this regard to a higher level. According to the research conducted by the US research center, this year Uzbekistan has risen 9 places in the food safety rating and has taken the 64th place.11 The political, social and economic instability in the current world has had an impact on the country's food security. We can take as an example the mass riots in Kazakhstan, the Russia- Ukraine events. The Republic of Kazakhstan, which is the largest exporter of wheat and flour 11 http://www.uza.uz Agrar Siyosat va oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi 428 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us products, imposes restrictions on exports or some problems related to oil products coming from Ukraine will lead to an increase in consumer demand for this type of food products. But a lack of supply can lead to a violation of the gap between demand and supply, that is, a market shortage. This, in turn, can lead to a sharp artificial increase in prices, increasing dissatisfaction among the population, and other negative situations. We have only looked at 2 products and conducted a small analysis. But the number of food products required for consumption is large. The role of the state in taking measures to prevent such problems is clearly visible. As a result of the strong socio- economic policy carried out by our state, the reserve of food products was further increased in order to ensure the food security of citizens. To further ensure the country's food security, fill the market with quality, safe and affordable food products, strengthen the purchasing power of the population, liberalize foreign economic activities and develop a healthy competitive environment, as well as eliminate the existing systemic problems in this field. was achieved. Summary In conclusion, food security means that any country must have food reserves to cover food shortages in various emergency situations. In addition to food reserves, money and credit reserves in freely convertible currency are needed to purchase food products. These reserves are in addition to the stock of food products and allow for the rapid import of commercial volumes of food products in the event of acute food shortages. References 1. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the quality and safety of food products" - Article 2. http://lex.uz/pages/getpage.aspxlact_id=20326 2. "Strategy of actions on five priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017- 2021" No. 2017.PF-4947. 3. Presidential Decree No. PF-5303 dated January 16, 2018 "On measures to further ensure the country's food security" 4. Usmonjon o‘g, A. U. B., Rustam o‘g‘li, A. Q., & Davlat o‘g‘li, A. D. (2023). Labor Management Methods. American Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies (2993-2157), 1(5), 42- 52. 5. Mamatov A.A. "Economic security" textbook. Military-technical institute of the National Guard of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Tashkent. 6. Usmonjon o‘g, A. U. B., Obidjon o‘g‘li, M. S., Mansur o‘g‘li, S. J., & Farhod o‘g‘li, M. F. (2023). Distribution of Powers and Management Decisions in Management. American Journal of Science on Integration and Human Development (2993-2750), 1(5), 54-64. 7. Чупрякова А.Г., Косинский П.Д. Продовольственное обеспечение населения промышленного региона: проблемы и перспективы // Международный журнал при- кладных и фундаментальных исследований. - 2016. - № 12-1. - с. 109-113. 8. Бондарева Г.С. Продовольственное обеспечение населения: понятие, сущность и структура // Вестник Кемеровского государственного университета. - 2013. - № 3-1 (55). - с. 235-238. 9. Шилова А.Э., Лубкова Э.М. Продовольственное обеспечение промышленного региона: проблемы самообеспеченности населения и конкурентоспособности сельскохозяйственных производителей (на материалах Кемеровской области) //Региональные проблемы преобразования экономики. - 2018. - № 11(97). - с. 50¬57. - doi: 10.26726/1812-7096-2018- 11-50-57. 429 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us 10. Бондарева С.А., Продовольственная безопасность, Учебное пособие/ Волгоград-2021, 10 с. 11. https://presmarymethuen.org/uz/dictionary/ 12. http://www.uza.uz Agrar Siyosat va oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi