147 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies Volume 02, Issue 01, 2024 ISSN (E):2993-2157 Methods of Organizing Classes for Working with Paper and Cardboard in Technology Classes Kurbanova Shoira Narzullayevna a teacher at BukhSU Abstract: This article discusses the methodology for organizing classes in the section on working with paper and cardboard at technology lessons. The technique of working with paper and cardboard at school has its own characteristics in the correct selection of tools and materials. Keywords: educational activity, labour activity , practical activity, motivation, intellectual skills. Introduction Most technology lessons in elementary grades are devoted to working with paper and cardboard. Paper and cardboard in themselves are pantry fantasies and imagination games. And if you combine it with manual dexterity, then everything can be revived, as if given a second life. The main educational tasks of each lesson and labor processes, when performing these tasks, are solved, provided for in the preliminary distribution of program material. However, when preparing for a particular lesson, very often clarification is required, and sometimes a change in the material outlined by the plan. Paper and cardboard are the most common and more accessible materials in processing. In the process of working with them, students get an idea about their production, types, properties, use in everyday life and technology, about the professions of people associated with the production of paper and cardboard and their processing. The formation of students' practical skills in processing these materials is carried out in the process of manufacturing products. From preschooland children know the techniques for cutting paper with scissors, connecting parts with glue. Work at the beginning of the study of the topic, when children get acquainted with new materials for them, master new instruments, learn new techniques, and conduct frontal work. The teacher sets specific tasks for the students, certain labor tasks. He explains the purpose of the work performed, talks about the purpose of the manufactured item, about the requirements that the finished product must meet, about the equipment, that students will use when completing the assignment. Paper and cardboard are the most common and most affordable materials for processing. In the process of working with them, students get an idea about their production, types, properties, use in everyday life and technology, about the professions of people associated with the production of paper and cardboard and their processing. Main part. The formation of students' practical skills in processing these materials is carried out in the process of manufacturing products. From the preschool period, children are familiar with the techniques of cutting paper with scissors, connecting parts with glue. In elementary school, students expand their knowledge and master the skills of marking parts from paper and cardboard by bending according to a pattern, using measuring tools, techniques for cutting 148 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us cardboard with a knife, various ways of designing products with appliqué, coloring, using other types of materials. Paper and cardboard - materials, when working with which the foundations are laidgraphic literacy. Students get a general idea of a technical drawing, sketch, drawing, learn to understand the simplest drawings (sketches) and perform markup on them. Children early begin to perceive the environment, but in order for them to appreciate what they see, to distinguish really beautiful things from variegation and diversity, this must be taught, and the sooner the better. The work on developing a child's artistic taste begins in the family and continues at school in technology lessons. Sensory education enables children, when performing applications, to compare figures large and small, wide and narrow, long and short, dark and light. Children determine that the figures are located high, low, in the center, left, right. The teacher should not only teach younger students certain methods of work, his main task is to develop their ability to be creative, arouse interest in work, instill skills in a culture of work, comradely mutual aid: 1) develops the ability to work with hands, accustoms to precise finger movements under the control of consciousness; 2) develops spatial imagination - teaches to read the drawings, according to which the figures are folded and to represent products in volume according to them; 3) introduces the basic geometric concepts; 4) improves the ability to follow oral instructions; 5) develops confidence in their strengths and abilities; - helps to develop drawing skills; 6) stimulates the development of memory; 7) teacht concentration; 8) develops creative abilities. Many guys become authors of their own inventions; 9) stimulates the creation of game situations; 10) expands communication skills; 11) allows you to feel personal involvement in a new international cultural phenomenon. At labor lessons in the process of performing practical work, children must acquire the necessary labor skills, as well as gain knowledge about the properties of materials. After the introductory conversations, children should understand well the purpose of the lesson, the practical tasks facing them. The task of the introductory briefing is not only to explain to children the techniques for making any product, but to prepare them for the conscious assimilation of educational material, for understanding the techniques being studied and applying them in practical activities. Therefore, when preparing for a lesson, when planning its conduct, it is necessary to carefully consider and outline the content and wording of instructions when instructing., the course of the briefing itself. It is necessary to give them the opportunity to hold it in their hands, examine it in detail, feel the material by touch, in other words, the perception of the object should be versatile (visual, tactile, motor). The model demonstrated by the teacher should be clearly visible from any place in the classroom. Therefore, it is often made large. Similarly, when demonstrating techniques for manufacturing parts of a product, samples of these parts are made on an enlarged scale. The demonstration of the manufacturing process of one or another object of work is carried out differently depending on a number of factors: on age characteristics, on the degree of preparedness of children, on the complexity of the product, on the time allotted for work. Demonstration of processing techniques is accompanied by an explanation, while questions and instructions should force students to find the correct solution to practical problems themselves. The teacher is required to provide a clear and precise presentation of the verbal explanation of practical techniques ,correct pronunciation of technical terms with mandatory writing them on the board. It is extremely useful to intensify the activity of students to teach them to use their measuring and computing skills in labor lessons to solve constructive problems. One of the main indicators of a high work culture is the ability to work accurately and accurately. Therefore, when instructing students before starting work, it is recommended to show not only the methods of processing the material, but about and ways to check the performance of work with a certain degree of accuracy, corresponding to the level of mathematical knowledge of students. The performance of the work by the teacher himself, although it requires a significant investment of time, is desirable, making a sample helps to solve a number of methodological issues, the teacher gets the opportunity to foresee various mistakes that children can make in the process of manufacturing a particular product, determine the time required to complete each operation . Product, made by the hands of the teacher, is used in the classroom as a visual aid. There are 149 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us many types of paper and cardboard that students get acquainted with in technology lessons and outside of school hours. Getting acquainted with the tools, children learn to use and apply their knowledge and skills in practice. Teachers in the primary grades are largely responsible for the spiritual, mental, moral, aesthetic development of students, without which the activity of a person is unthinkable, the need for which is so acutein the era of modern socio-economic and cultural transformations. Making products from paper and cardboard requires dexterous actions from the child, gradually the hand acquires confidence, accuracy, and the fingers become flexible, this is very important.Manual labor contributes to the development of sensorimotor skills - consistency in the work of the eye and hand, improvement of coordination of movements, flexibility, accuracy in performing actions. Work with paper and cardboard pays great attention to the mental development of students, to the development of their thinking and attention. During such work, conditions are created for the development of not only the planning function of speech, but also speech regulation of behavior. Work on the manufacture of paper and cardboard products contributes to the development of personality students and character development. Making a toy requires some willpower. Gradually, children develop such qualities as purposefulness, perseverance, the ability to bring the work started to the end. The emergence of an artistic image and its further expression in the language of any kind of art is a complex and multifaceted process. I would like to draw the teacher's attention to the fact that a very important role here is played by the students' deep knowledge of the depicted object, the phenomenon or events. Therefore, it is recommended in every possible way to stimulate the comprehensive acquaintance of children with the object of the image. In the textbook, this is also given considerable attention. It offers some of the characteristics of the object, familiarity with which will help create a more voluminous and complete image of the idea or expand the boundaries of creative search. The teacher can help the process of creating an image of the idea in many ways: -encourage children to collect additional information about the object; -bind-an object with a topic being studied at the same time in another subject; - analyze the intended purpose of the craft: what is its meaning, benefit, to whom it is intended, how, in connection with this, it should be framed. Sometimes it is necessary to focus not on the object, but on the mode of action, i.e. increase students' interest in learning new technology. Here are some ways to solve this problem: - connect the studied technique with some Russian folk craft or traditional art of another country. - link way by actions with other types of fine arts, to acquaint children with the masterpieces of world artistic culture. - to present the craft in its historical development from ancient times to the present, up to this particular lesson. - to interest children in visual novelty, unexpected effects and opportunities that the new technique brings. The combination of the proposed techniques helps to make the lessons varied, positive motivation - sustainable, and actions – more meaningful. Labor training of students in technology for working with paper and cardboard will be effective if: - the teacher will be proficient in the modern theory and practice of labor education for primary school students. - A good material base has been created for the process of labor training. - work will be considered as a means of developing the personality of students The formation of students' practical skills in processing these materials is carried out in the process of manufacturing products. From the preschool period, children are familiar with the techniques of cutting paper with scissors, connecting parts with glue. In elementary school, students expand their knowledge and master the skills of marking paper and cardboard parts by bending according to a pattern, using measuring tools, techniques for cutting cardboard with a knife, various ways of designing products with appliqué, coloring, using other types of materials. Paper and cardboard are materials, when working with which the foundations of graphic literacy are laid. Students get a general idea of a technical drawing, sketch, drawing, learn to understand the simplest drawings (sketches) and perform markup on them. Children early begin to perceive the environment, but in order for them to appreciate what they see, to distinguish really beautiful from variegation and diversity, this must be taught, and the sooner the better. Development workA child's artistic taste begins in the family and continues at school in technology lessons. Sensory education enables children, when performing applications, to compare figures large and small, wide and narrow, long and short, dark and light. Develops the ability to work with hands, 150 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us accustoms to precise finger movements under the control of consciousness. Children determine that the figures are located high, low, in the center, left, right. Stimulates the creation of game situations, teaches concentration attention. Conclusion. Labor training in the primary grades aims to form in the child the ability to independently navigate in any work. To do this, the teacher needs to remember the peculiarities of the student's activity in the labor lesson, which includes intellectual and motor components as equivalent. The relevance of this problem is especially significant in the activities of primary school teachers, who are largely responsible for the spiritual, mental, moral, aesthetic development of students. References: 1. Qurbonova S. N., Abdullayeva F. TARBIYA DARSLARIDA INTERFAOL METODLARDAN FOYDALANISH //Scientific progress. - 2021. - Vol. 2. - No. 6. - S.1030-1035. 2. Mukhamadovna T. M., Djamshitovna K. M., Narzullayevna Q. S. 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