184 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies Volume 02, Issue 01, 2024 ISSN (E):2993-2157 The Study of Factors That Affect our Young People in Choosing a Career Using Methods Matkarimova Muxabbat Abuovna Nukus State Pedagogical Institute, PhD student in psychology Abstract: Opinions about the problem of vocational training of our students, students' views on choosing a career, and the factors affecting them are provided. Keywords: vocational training, professional formation, educational institutions, professional motivations. Introduction. In any society, highly skilled and competent professionals in their field are highly valued. In our country, the development of the education system, the allocation of significant resources and funds for the training of qualified personnel is not a secret to anyone. Therefore, it is of great importance for our future children to choose the right profession, to direct them to the types of activities that interest them, and to take into account their interests. The compatibility of the profession chosen by a person and the person himself has been one of the main problems of psychologists, educators, and career counselors for many years. Acceptance of separate normative documents on this issue does not solve the problem either. [1]. In the promotion of profession, the abilities, talents, and interests of our youth would shine bright if their physical and mental conditions are taken into account. Individuals who are skilled in their profession not only benefit themselves but also contribute to society by equipping it with their expertise. This is evident because those engaged in work they love and are passionate about tend to achieve more success in our society. However, merely choosing and aspiring for one's profession is not enough. Sometimes, individuals end up working in a profession different from their aspirations, diverging from the skills they exhibit in their activities. To overcome such mistakes, efforts to enhance vocational guidance in schools, middle schools, and all educational institutions are aimed at further refining this process. Especially, it is considered essential that practical tasks be carried out among students and young learners in line with the types of activities they are interested in. Analysis and methods of literature The research by our country's scholars, particularly that of D.I. Khodjaqulov (2011), emphasized the need to improve the process of preparing future teachers for higher education institutions in the field of psychological and pedagogical aspects through the analysis of literature. It also highlighted the necessity to reestablish psychological perception of one's profession among students and to strive for the ideal teacher image. [2; 37-b]. The dissertation work explored the professional orientation of students who chose engineering as their profession, the degree of satisfaction derived from their chosen professions, and their attitudes towards the profession, illustrated through examples of second and fourth-year students. The study also delved into the role of the educational process in enhancing students' professional activities and highlighted key motivators influencing their choices. 185 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us Another researcher, N.H. Xolyigitova [2019], divided influential factors in career choice, professional skill development, and motivation into objective and subjective categories within interpersonal and group relations. Objective factors include trends, norms, and requirements related to human activity, such as essential professional knowledge, skills, and abilities, which are considered as additional factors to determine the conditions for production and their compliance with contemporary demands. Subjective factors, on the other hand, are regarded as essential for individuals, focusing on one's own abilities, motivation, and the ability to protect oneself psychologically from various mistakes and shortcomings. [3; 44-b]. In our opinion, the author, in his work on vocational guidance, emphasizes the importance and impact of motivation, particularly highlighting the effectiveness of these motivations in connection with their motivating factors. Additionally, the researcher has also mentioned reorientation (retraining for a new profession), meaning the evaluation of personal qualities, intentions, and aspirations, as well as reconsidering the available opportunities. S.N. Joraeva conducted a psychological study on vocational responsibility, initially analyzing students' attitudes and perceptions regarding vocational guidance. In this research, she utilized the “Guidance for Youth Employment” questionnaire developed by B.R. Qodirov. The questionnaire, consisting of 15 questions with a socio-psychological character, facilitates the identification of various aspects related to vocational guidance. The results of the study emphasize the significance of personal attitudes in the context of students' vocational preferences. It underscores the importance of the majority of students' aspirations to successfully complete their education and the high necessity of earning money. The author writes about the presence of a specific goal, the reliance of plans on clear benchmarks, and the effective implementation of activity motivation to achieve the acquisition of a profession. [4; 47-b]. The researcher also indicates in their work that students may not always choose the right profession, and the formation of an independent opinion is not fully developed, lacking clear information about the profession. Results and Discussion: The use of survey questionnaires holds a significant place in the history of psychological and socio-psychological research methods. Even in contemporary research, this methodological tool retains its value. In our research, we utilized questionnaires, interviews, and observation methods to conduct a study on first-year students at the Nukus State Pedagogical Institute, employing the "Guidance for Youth Employment" questionnaire developed by B.R. Qodirov. The purpose of conducting the survey was to understand the students' perceptions of themselves, their relationships with people around them, and to identify the roles of parents and friends in their lives. The questionnaire aimed to reveal students' motives for entering higher education, their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the chosen profession, the status of their professions, and factors influencing career choice. In our research, we focused on three key questions from the questionnaire to determine how much interest students have in their chosen profession, their thoughts about the chosen profession, and who has the most influence on career choices. In the initial stage of our research, we can analyze students' attitudes towards the correctness of choosing their profession. The results are presented in the table below The ability of students to say that they have chosen their future profession correctly Percentage Indicator Yes, I can say 50,5 No I'm wrong 12,5 "It's not my profession; I made a mistake in choosing a university 13,5 I struggle to answer 23,5 186 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us According to the interpretation of this question in the survey, it can be observed that among respondents, interest in the chosen profession was shaped in various forms, with 50.5% explicitly expressing a clear understanding of their chosen profession. However, some students have not yet developed an interest, indicating ambivalence toward their chosen professions, with 12.5% of students providing examples of choosing the wrong profession. Additionally, some students associated their career choices with regrets, with 13.5% stating, "It's not my profession; I made a mistake in choosing the major," while the remaining 23.5% of students have not yet reached a conclusive decision, emphasizing their difficulty in making a choice. Psychologists actively pursue research in the field to identify factors contributing to the effectiveness of individuals' professional activities and to determine their roles. One of the directions of such research is related to the impact of vocational guidance on students based on their interests, curiosity, attitudes, and values [5: 47-b]. When it comes to choosing a profession, the influence of close individuals and mentors on our youth is particularly significant and holds a special place. Who are the testers in choosing a profession impact importance Percentage Indicator % Mother 3,15 Father 2,7 Friends 1,8 Grandmother 0,9 Parents 73,4 Teachers 9,9 I've chosen it myself 8,1 The analysis of this question demonstrates that, in choosing a profession, the most significant influence is attributed to parents, with 73.4% indicating their impact. In addition, teachers contribute to the decision-making process with a 9.9% influence, while the influence of representatives of older generations in society, who are often considered as parental figures, is also noticeable at 0.9%. In our mentality, the role of parents, teachers, and older family members is always highly regarded and preserved. What students believe should be emphasized when choosing a career Percentage indicator Special specialists in vocational selection and vocational training should be working in secondary schools, professional educational institutions and higher education institutions 75 How to make books on the selection of professions 11,1 Professional center work needs to be improved 13,8 The proper selection of a profession is crucial for our youth's future and the creation of responsible and skilled workers. Analyzing the responses regarding the correct choice of a profession, it becomes evident that the attitudes in the educational process, the relationship with the educational institution, the teacher's expertise, and the societal development strongly influence our youth. In response to the question about what is important in choosing a profession in the subsequent part of the survey, 75% of students emphasized the high significance of access to specialized services in educational institutions for choosing a profession and vocational guidance. They affirmed the importance of practical work and the availability of specialists in this field. On the other hand, 11.1% of students regarded books and software related to career selection as important, while some students (13.8%) indicated the necessity of enhancing the role of career centers. 187 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us Conclusion: In our opinion, rectifying errors and weaknesses identified in the process of choosing a profession can help shape the skill of self-awareness in youth, allowing them to align with their chosen professions more effectively. Incorrect career choices not only affect an individual's life but can also lead to negative consequences for the progress of our society. Especially the guidance and education provided by parents and teachers have proven crucial in emphasizing the importance of making informed decisions about career choices. Nurturing our young generation to become capable individuals who love their professions and contribute to the healthy development of society is our ultimate goal. List of references 1. O’zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2021 yil 8 iyundagi “Ishchi kasblar bo’yicha kadrlarni tayyorlash tizimini yanada takomillashtirish chora-tadbirlari to’g’risida”gi PQ- 5140-son Qarori. –https://lex.uz/docs/5449377 . 2. Xodjaqulova. D.I. Talaba shaxsi kasbiy yo’nalganligining psixologik hususiyatlari. Ps.f.bo’yicha falsafa doktori (PhD) dissertatsiyasi. Toshkent–2011. 3. Xolyigitova.N.H. O’quvchilardagi kasb motivlari barqaroaligiga guruhiy jipslikning ta’siri. Ps.f.bo’yicha falsafa doktori (PhD) dissertatsiyasi. Toshkent–2019. 4. Shaxsning kasb tanlashi va kasbiy shakllanishining psixologik aspektleri.Usmanova. Sh.D. //Central Asian Research Journal for Interdisciplinary jurnal. 2022. № 3273-b. 5. G’oziev.E.G’ Kasb psixologiyasi. Toshkent -2003. – 47b. https://cyberleninka.ru/journal/n/central-asian-research-journal-for-interdisciplinary-studies-carjis