116 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies Volume 01, Issue 05, 2023 ISSN (E): 2993-2157 Stages of Reconstruction of Fayoztepa Monument Khursanov Javohir Student of Termez state university javohirxursanov92@gmail.com Abstract: About some ancient architectural structures built in the territory of ancient Termez and some of which have survived to the present day, about ancient and modern culture, which is a material applied art such as pottery, ancient temples, architectural elements related to ancient architecture and urban planning and their place in the architecture of the new period. In this way, we wanted to present the ancient city centers, city walls, residential areas, lifestyle, labor activity of the population, waterworks, as well as their place in modern architecture, to those interested in the field. Providing information about our ancient architecture and urban planning will increase the interest of students in the field of architecture, urban planning, architecture of buildings, design and construction of bridges, roads, waterworks. We wish science-hungry students and young professionals the best of luck in their research into history and the creation of the architecture of the future! Keywords: Ancient architecture is the term for the architecture of ancient times in the modern architectural literature. Monumental monuments are elements with statues, carvings and embossed images. Buddhist temples are places of worship for ancient Buddhists. Fortress walls are the perimeter walls of the city, which in ancient times were covered with cotton or brick, protecting the population from various external dangers. Some of the ancient architectural structures built in ancient Termiz region and preserved to the present day, some of which have been preserved, about the ancient and modern culture, which is considered a material practical art such as pottery, tiling, and about the elements of ancient architecture, which is considered a practical decorative art such as sculpture and jewelry, we will talk about their role in ancient architecture and modern architecture and urban planning. In the political, socio-economic and cultural life of the peoples of Central Asia, the establishment of cities has had an important place since ancient times. Cities are one of the benchmarks that reflect the traditions of statehood and the way of life of the local population, which have been formed and developed over several thousand years. Since ancient times, the walls of the city have been important in protecting the population from various external threats, managing the socio-economic life in the city, and keeping it in order. It is found in many sources that ancient Termiz monuments, with their non-repetition, have always been the focus of attention of ancient authors, early medieval Chinese tourists and historians of the Muslim era. Professor B. P. Denike (1926-1928) led the preliminary archaeological excavations in Old Termiz and identified such monuments as Zurmala and 117 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us Karatepa. In this, the scientist proved that there were cultural layers in the city square until the 8th century AD. Large-scale archaeological excavations are associated with the Termiz archaeological expedition led by professor M.E. Masson (1936-1938). The Kushan-era constructions of Termiz, the existing Buddhist temples in the city, and the art excavated from them opened a new chapter in the study of Asian-Indian connections. The spread of Buddhism and related architectural structures to China and the Far East also happened through the ancient city of Termiz. The trade route, considered one of the important branches of the "Great Silk Road", which connected the central regions of ancient Asia with the lands of North India, also passed through this old Termiz. The ruins of old Termiz are located 8-9 km southwest of the current city of Termiz, on the right bank of Amudarya. Termiz, which has a history of almost 2500 years, occupies an important place in the cultural development of Asian peoples. During 1969-1976, another Buddhist temple located outside the city of Termiz was studied by the expedition of the Institute of Archeology of the Uz. FA and the Regional Museum of Regional Studies. These excavations were led by L.I. Albaum and A.A. Kozlovsky. During the Kushan period, Termiz was located on 350 hectares, and its population was about 50 thousand people. Termiz, which became one of the largest cities of its time, combined the advanced trends of the ancient Eastern culture. Information about the internal structure of Termiz in ancient times is very limited. The reason is that the buildings built at that time were later leveled or buried several meters deep. A Chinese tourist named Xuan-Tsian, who came to Termiz in 630 through Movarunnahr, said that the territory of the ancient city of Termiz was 20 li (10 km). The monument of Fayoztepa is located in the northwest of the ruins of the old city of Termiz, near the city of Termiz, 1 km northeast of Karatepa. The Fayoztepa monument was fully excavated and studied in 1968-1976 under the guidance of archaeologist L.I.Albaum, and in 2004-2006 under the guidance of archaeologist T.Annaev. This religious center in the place of Fayoztepa was called "Haya-Vihara" i.e. "Monastery of Horsemen" according to the samples of inscriptions found in this place. Fayoztepa settlement is 113 meters long and 34 meters wide, and consists of three parts - a temple in the central part, a monastery in the northwest, and farm parts in the southeast. The chapel part has 19 rooms, the household part has 15 rooms, and the monastery part has 12 rooms. The rooms are covered with domes and arches, the corridors are covered with arches, the walls are 1.6 meters thick. The total height of the temple was 4-4.5 meters. The size of the part where the stupa is located is 20 meters by 20 meters, the diameter of the stupa is 4 meters. Since 1980, the Termiz expedition of the FA Archaeological Institute of the Republic of Uzbekistan led by Sh.R. Pidaev has been carrying out extensive archaeological excavations in Old Termiz. In order to determine the initial formation processes of the city, the members of this expedition carried out large-scale excavations in its arch part, defense structures, city neighborhoods, and potters' workshops. As a result, from the 1st millennium BC to the 17th century, a lot of archeological evidence was obtained, illuminating the material and spiritual life of the people of Termiz city. As part of the expedition, archaeologists from Surkhandarya T. Annaev, A. Boboho'jaev, Sh.Rakhmonov, Sh. The Shaydullaevs took an active part in the study of the monuments of Old Termiz. 118 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us FAYOZTEPA - BUDDHA TEMPLE Termiz was one of the cities under the control of Bukhara Khanate. The 16th-century historian Hafiz Tanish Bukhari describes the city wall as "very powerful",1 and the 17th-century author Mahmud ibn Wali noted that "the city is surrounded by a strong wall"2. Many other large and small cities of the Bukhara Khanate were also surrounded by mud walls. Similarly, according to the impressions of Kornilo Suvorov, who returned from captivity in Bukhara in the middle of the 19th century, "Kattakurgan, Ziyovuddin, Karmana, Yangikurgan, Kerki, Karshi, Jizzakh were also "covered in mud". "Fortresses around the cities served as the defense of the cities and conditionally served as an administrative line (border). The walls of the fortress were mostly made of straw and raw bricks, and the thickness became thinner towards the top. Usually, the top level of the walls was such that a knight, sometimes even two horsemen, could walk side by side on it. On the outside of the wall there were kunguras. The constellations protruding from the surface of the wall were both functional - shooting at the enemy who came under the wall, and artistic - plastic of the architectural wall plane. Most of the historical system of the cities was as follows. In the middle is the bazaar, the main center of the city. Registan was also here. Main streets, first-class streets are distributed in a radial direction from the center. They are usually separated by the presence of gates in the fortress wall of the city, and behind the wall it turns into a road leading to other cities and villages. Main streets are characterized by some straightness and some width. The city walls served to ensure the socio-economic development of the states in Central Asia. Customs houses are often placed in front of the city walls. References: 1. "Scenes from the history of old Termiz". Termiz. 1991. T. Annaev. P. Joraeva 2. "ANCIENT BAKTRIA" Leningrad. "Nauka" 1974. Otv.ed. V.M. Mason 3. Rtveladze E.V., Pidaev Sh., Kochnev B. Termiz is an old and new city at the crossroads of Great Roads. Tashkent.: 2001. 4. National encyclopedia of Uzbekistan. Volume 9, Tashkent.: 2005 5. "Puteshestvie po Sredney Azii".M. Vambery A. 1867g. 6. Shishkin V.A. Arkhitekturnye pamyatniki Bukhari. Tashkent, 1936.p.30. 7. Polatov, M. (2020). Povyshenie effektivnosti stroitelstva zdaniy i soorujeniy za schet izucheniya optimalogo reshenia bezpesochnogo sostava betona. Economics and society, (10), 651-654. 119 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us 8. Pulatov M.R. Rakhimov A.K., Metodika eksperimentalnogo issledovaniya sdvigovoy jostkosti diaphragmmy profilirovannogo nastila. Economics and society, 10(89) 2021, 272- 277. 9. Mirkamol Polatov Rasuljonovich, Rahimov Qaxxorovich, Choriyev Anvar Dzhumayevich., Method of experimental study of shear stiffness of profiled flooring diaphragm. ACADEMICIA An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 11(10) 2021, 1180- 1183.