40 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies Volume 01, Issue 01, 2023 ISSN (E): ХХХ-ХХХ Dynamics of Efficiency and Optimization of Beekeeping Production Processes in Specialized Farms Djurabayev Otabek Djurabayevich Associate Professor of the Department of "Management" TSUE Introduction. Special studies carried out around the world show that beekeeping plays an important role in various sectors of the economy. The importance of this industry is determined not only in the production of bee products that are necessary for mankind, but also as a means of pollinating crops. "Reports of bees disappearing from around the world show that beekeeping is in danger of extinction." Accordingly, in many countries of the world, special attention is paid to improving the organizational and economic mechanisms of beekeeping management as an important condition for ensuring the efficiency and sustainability of the industry. At present, research is being carried out in various scientific centers and research institutions around the world in many areas of effective beekeeping management. In particular, the formation of a beekeeping management strategy, improving the main approaches to organizational and economic management mechanisms, expanding cooperation between relatively small farms, strengthening the diversification of beekeeping products, and increasing the efficiency of managing innovative processes in these farms. methods. In the process of preparing the dissertation, such methods as general scientific, formal- logical, specific methods for studying the situation, classification, generalization, horizontal and vertical comparison, econometric modeling, empirical research, factor analysis, forecasting were used. Results. Comparing the beekeeping of Uzbekistan with the beekeeping of foreign countries, we note that one of the negative trends of the current stage of development of beekeeping in the Republic of Uzbekistan is the violation of the existing relationships between the individual elements of the productive forces. The disproportion between the elements of the productive forces of beekeeping and the rise in prices for agricultural and industrial products is revealed, which is associated with an increase in the gap between the prices for means of production (machinery, equipment, honey extractors, apiary houses, platforms for transporting beehives, fuel and lubricants, etc.) and prices for industry products. Thus, when studying the current state and level of development of the productive forces of beekeeping, the study revealed the following:  the presence of a disproportion between the elements of the productive forces of beekeeping;  indicators of the need of the population of the Republic of Uzbekistan for honey according to medical standards lag behind medical standards, the level of provision of the population with honey remains low; 41 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us  there is a tendency to reduce the number of bee colonies and workers employed in large beekeeping organizations in Uzbekistan. Using the above materials, we can conclude that the reasons for the significant reduction in bee colonies are: 1. The rupture of long-term integration ties and the general economic decline in all countries after the collapse of the union state; 2. Transition to market mechanisms for organizing beekeeping farms, reducing subsidized costs for their maintenance, saving on mechanization; 3. Lack of raw materials, poor quality feeding of bee colonies, use of various surrogates instead of sugar; 4. Lack of experienced beekeepers, massive exodus from the industry of experienced and competent beekeepers, which led to a drop in the level of knowledge and innovative approaches in beekeeping; 5. An unbalanced rise in prices for honey and fuels and lubricants, which will lead to a rise in the price of bee products, because due to the nature of the industry, frequent moving of the apiary requires high energy costs; 6. Lack of investment in the beekeeping industry contributed to the physical and moral deterioration of the material and technical base; 7. Insufficient funding of scientific research in the beekeeping industry has led to a decrease in productive forces. Analyses. Economic efficiency shows the final beneficial effect from the return on total investment. In table 1, we considered the effectiveness of beekeeping in the Tashkent region for the period 2012-2019. Table 1. Dynamics of the efficiency of beekeeping in the Tashkent region in 2012-2019 Indicators 2012 y 2013 y 2014 y 2015 y 2016 y 2017 y 2018 y 2019 y Number of bee colonies 13540 14540 15645 14642 16669 17468 20638 21300 Produced honey, kg 223410 251542 278481 279662 336713 345866 36322 8 391920 Productivity on honey of 1 bee family, kg. 16,5 17,3 17,8 19,1 20,2 28,1 24,0 28,2 Realized honey, kg. 98300 110678 122532 125848 151521 155640 16345 2 195960 Selling price 1 kg. honey, thousand soums 20 20 22 26 30 30 30 35 Gross proceeds from the sale of honey, million soums 1966,0 2213,6 2695,7 3272,1 4545,6 4669,2 4903,6 5789,3 Honey production costs, mln. 1528,9 1633,0 2139,1 2511,7 3742,0 3869,1 4021,0 4488,0 Net profit from the sale of honey, mln. 437,1 580,6 556,6 760,4 803,6 800,1 882,6 1301,3 Table 1 shows that in the period from 2012 to 2019, the efficiency of beekeeping in the Tashkent region has increased significantly: the number of bee colonies has increased significantly, the 42 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us volume of honey produced, the gross profit from its sale and the net profit of beekeeping farms have increased. Despite the presence in some farms of high costs of honey production, insufficiently efficient use of available material resources for the production of honey and bee products, an analysis of the performance indicators of bee farms in the Tashkent region indicates a general trend in its growth, thanks to the measures taken by the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In the course of the study, objects of a monographic study were selected and an analysis of the effectiveness of beekeeping was carried out on the example of two large state forestry enterprises of Uzbekistan: Brichmulla and Akhangaran state forestry. As auxiliary farms, including large ones, apiaries are created, the products of which are used for sale to the population and additional income as a diversified product. At the same time, assistance is provided to the agricultural sector in increasing crop yields through cross- pollination of fields and forest lands. Table 2. Honey balance in Brichmulla and Akhangaran state forestry enterprises in 2012- 2019 Y ea rs Number of bee colonies Receive d commer cial honey kg. Fed sugar kg. Fodde r honey produ ction Gross honey product ion kg Share of market able honey in gross produc tion, % At the begin ning of the report ing period Per ish ed Pu rch ase d At the beginni ng of the honey collecti on restor ed Brichmulla State Forestry 2012 650 15 5 - 495 155 412 2680 9100 9512 4 2013 650 17 0 - 470 80 1643 6017 6960 8603 19 2014 550 92 - 509 202 3277 7440 6887 10164 32 2015 660 72 - 588 72 3630 5930 8840 12470 29 2016 762 93 - 669 93 7683 9600 11142 18825 41 2017 885 - - 885 - 4343 9758 14154 18497 23 2018 1011 - - 1011 - 5625 9850 15142 20767 25 2019 1025 - - 1025 - 5962 9625 152632 22689 27 Akhangaran state forestry 2012 511 - 11 8 511 - 2358 2245 2358 4716 50 2013 540 - - 540 - 2800 4520 2420 5220 53 2014 561 - 10 0 561 - 2030 6420 2030 4060 50 2015 691 - 50 691 - 3840 6204 3840 7680 50 2016 801 - 42 801 - 4140 6501 4140 8280 50 2017 881 - - 881 - 0 8250 4903 4903 0 2018 969 - 969 - 405 8620 4820 5225 8 2019 993 - - 993 - 953 8956 5022 5426 12 Brichmulla State Forestry is located in the Tashkent region on the territory of the Ugam-Chatkal National Park. The total land area is 354378 hectares, the total forest area is 79660.1 hectares, which is 22.5% of the total area of the economy. 43 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us On the territory of the Ugam-Chatkal National Park, the impact of anthropogenic factors on nature is minimized. Large areas of melliferous plants, such as apple orchards, cherries, hawthorn, almonds, cherry plums, juniper forests, a wide variety of herbs and shrubs from which bees collect honey from May to October, allow you to maximize the strength of the bee colony before the start of the main honey collection and gain a sufficient amount of honey for their safe wintering. After carrying out timely veterinary measures and strengthening the food supply of bees in the winter, the death of bee colonies has noticeably decreased from 2017 to 2019. stopped completely. From the data in the table it can be seen that in Akhangaran state forestry reached its maximum productivity in 2015-2016, and in 2017-2019. there is a tendency to reduce the volume of honey produced. What is the result of low productivity of bee colonies. It should be noted that the Brichmulla Forestry has restored the number of bee colonies in recent years by increasing the strength of the existing bee colonies by breeding their own bee packages, without additional purchases from other farms. The data shows that by 2018-2019. The farm systematically increased the gross amount of honey, however, the share of commercial honey in the gross production remains quite low, at the level of 25-30% (with the exception of 2016, when this share reached 41%). The Akhangaran State Forestry is located on the territory of the Ugam-Chatkal National Park, the total land area of which is 143,652 hectares, the total forest area is 37,565.1 hectares, or 26.2% of the total area. From the data in the table it follows that in 2012-2016. the share of commercial honey in the composition of gross honey fluctuated within 50-53%. However, in 2017, the farm did not produce marketable honey, all honey produced was forage. In 2018, the share of commercial honey was 8%, in 2019 - 12%, which indicates the need to take a number of measures to increase the volume of commercial honey produced. To do this, it is necessary to determine the factors affecting the efficiency of beekeeping production in the Brichmulla and Akhangaran state forestry enterprises, where one of the main ones is the cost of beekeeping products. So, in the Brichmulla state forestry, the cost of 1 kg. honey systematically decreased: in 2015 they amounted to 2.62 thousand soums, in 2017 - 2.06 thousand soums, in 2018 they decreased to 1.89 thousand soums. Table 3. Labor intensity and labor productivity in the Brichmulla and Akhangaran state forestry enterprises in 2012-2019. The name of indicators 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Brichmulla State Forestry Number of workers employed in beekeeping, pers. 10 10 11 11 11 12 14 14 Remuneration of employees, thousand soums per year 16900 22200 24900 26700 27900 28300 29500 30850 Remuneration of 1 employee, thousand soums per year 1690 2220 2264 2427 2536 2358 2107 2204 Labor productivity of 1 employee, thousand soums / person 2335 1606 1212 2543 6673 3742 6202 6309 The ratio of wages and 0,72 1,3 1,8 0,9 0,4 0,6 0,3 44 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us productivity 0,4 Akhangaran state forestry Number of workers employed in beekeeping, pers. 8 8 8 10 10 12 12 12 Remuneration of employees, thousand soums 20100 25300 32100 51400 59700 77100 85000 85990 Remuneration of 1 employee, thousand soums 2513 3163 4013 5140 5970 6425 7083 7166 Labor productivity of 1 employee, thousand soums / person 994 1360 1333 3860 6021 4551 2200 4369 The ratio of wages and productivity 2,5 2,3 3,0 1,3 0,7 1,4 3,2 2,0 During the period under study, the indicators of wage growth significantly outstrip its productivity, which makes the beekeeping economy unprofitable, that is, the economy receives a loss as a financial result. Discussion The study of the current state and level of development of the productive forces of beekeeping in the Republic of Uzbekistan made it possible to identify the following factors influencing the management of the industry:  established the disproportion between the elements of the productive forces of beekeeping;  in the context of regions, a significant reduction in the number of bee colonies was revealed;  trends in the reduction of the share of beekeeping and the number of employees employed in large beekeeping organizations have been revealed.  the calculation of the need of the population of the Republic of Uzbekistan for honey according to medical standards and the level of provision of the population with this product was made. 2. 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