59 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies Volume 02, Issue 05, 2024 ISSN (E): 2993-2157 ATTITUDE TO NATURE AND PREVENTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS Mavlyanov Aybek Palvanbayevich Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry, Head of the Department of Labor Safety and Ecology, Professor, Zokirjonova Dilobarxon TITLI, student of 29-22 groups, Xaitmatova Ruxshona TITLI, student of 24а-22 groups. Abstract. The article analyzes the attitude towards nature and modern problems of its protection from a scientific point of view. In the modern period, as a result of the rapid growth of productive forces in society, as a result of the extensive use and exploitation of nature, the ecological balance has been disrupted and environmental tension has arisen. Disturbance of the ecological balance is expressed in pollution of the atmosphere, groundwater, seas and oceans, solid waste, noise, strong exposure to radioactive substances, etc. To prevent it, it was justified that man must acquire special importance and treat nature properly. Keywords: nature, man, relationships, laws, environmental disasters, environmental problems, biosphere, environmental opportunities. Before the advent of man and his influence on nature, there was a harmonious relationship between the elements of nature. After the appearance of man, that is, after he began to create tools of thought and production, the harmony in nature began to be disrupted. The appropriation of nature by man, the violation of the laws laid down by nature, began to threaten not only the health of people, but also their life on Earth. Instead of better studying and using nature and its laws, man began to rapidly destroy and pollute the environment. Environmental tension, in turn, is escalating and causing environmental disasters in some regions of our planet. The constant increase in environmental tension creates environmental problems. If environmental problems are not resolved in a timely manner, they carry the risk of environmental destruction in a certain area [1, p. 37]. Environmental tension is understood as a state of interaction between nature and man, in which incompatibility of the productive forces and production relations of society arises, that is, the physical and environmental capabilities of the biosphere change. Ecological destruction is a phenomenon that causes very unfavorable economic consequences in a certain region and leads to the total death of the population as a result of the activities of nature or human activities on natural processes. http://www/ 60 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us An environmental problem is understood as the negative impact of nature on humanity due to human influence on nature. Environmental problems can be divided into three groups: 1) universal; 2) regional; 3) local. Global natural and anthropogenic phenomena are considered universal human problems. Let us give an example of such environmental problems. The phenomenon of “atmospheric swelling”. In recent years, it has become known that the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmospheric air is increasing. As a result, the temperature of the earth's surface over the next 100 years has increased by 0.5-1.0 degrees. Climate change on a large scale is caused by an increase in atmospheric emissions of industrial emissions and gases emitted by vehicles. If the situation continues in this spirit, then the temperature of the Earth’s surface in the 21st century may increase by 1.5-4.5 degrees [2, p.71]. Depletion of the ozone layer. The ozone layer of the atmosphere protects living organisms on Earth from strong ultraviolet rays. Excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays negatively affects living organisms. Currently, the widespread use of freons, nitrogen fertilizers, aviation gases, and atomic bomb explosions do not allow the accumulation of a sufficient amount of the ozone layer in the atmosphere. Fresh water problem. The importance of water on Earth and in the biosphere is extremely great. There is very little fresh water in the hydrosphere. With the development of society, the population's need for fresh water increases. By the end of this century, if water use increases by 1.5-2 times, there will be a shortage of fresh water. The problem of using pesticides. This group of pesticides is used to control weeds, harmful insects and other microorganisms that cause diseases of animals and plants. Pesticides seriously harm wildlife, including humans, and also cause environmental pollution. The problem of reducing the number of plant and animal species. The importance of the plant world, especially forests, in supporting life on the surface of the Earth. Currently, the forest area in Dugyo is decreasing. On average every year 3 billion. cubic meters of forest are cut down. Population growth. According to Dune, the population today is 6 billion. exceeded. Scientists estimate that the world's population reached 12 billion in 2005 and could exceed 25 billion in 2050. Thanks to the expansion of economic activity, there is no place left untouched by nature. The main nesting places of animals, migration routes, resting places, and pastures where ungulates feed have been displaced. Especially in tropical rainforests, animal extinction is observed [3, p. 124]. Desertification process. Another global environmental problem is the expansion of deserts. According to UNEP, 95 percent of current dry and oil-poor regions are on the verge of desertification. The rapid introduction of agricultural production led to the repeated use of natural resources of vegetation and soil cover. As a result, their productivity decreases. Due to salinity, the productivity of cultivated lands has decreased, and they are no different from rocky and sandy soils. Continuous grazing of livestock on pastures and the ruthless cutting of bushes and trees for fuel are causing the expansion of sandy deserts. Regional environmental problems. The most important environmental problem in Central Asia is the environmental problem of Arol and Arolboya. Until recently, the Aral Sea was considered one of the largest bodies of water. As a result of the development of irrigated agriculture, as well as dry years, the influx of water from the Amu Darya and Syr Darya to the island decreased to 37.8 cubic meters. km by 1970 and up to 11.1 cubic meters. km in 1980. In the early 80s, the flow of these rivers into the sea was completely stopped. In the heritage of scientists of the Khorezm Mamun Academy, various problems are presented in the study of man’s relationship to nature. As an example, we can cite people’s lifestyle, attitude towards http://www/ 61 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us nature, socio-demographic growth, etc. [4, p. 213]. Can the Aral Sea be saved? The only way to maintain the level of the island at a certain absolute height is to maintain water reserves in the basin itself. If the level of the Aral Sea drops to an absolute height of 33 m, it will split into 2 parts and lose its geographical name as a sea. Therefore, the sea level should be maintained at a height of at least 33.5 m. To do this, 20 cubic kilometers of water must be poured onto the island annually. Local environmental problems. By-products, called “waste,” are created in all sectors of the national economy. They are often released in large quantities into areas, polluting nature and disrupting development. The atmospheric air is polluted by smoke, various toxic gases, and particles emitted into the atmosphere by industrial enterprises. In particular, the cities of Almalyk, Angren, Fergana, Karshi, Navoi, Jizzakh, Tashkent, Chirchik, Bekobd, Samarkand emit several hundred and tens of thousands of tons of waste into the atmosphere. The cities of Almalyk and Angren are polluted with sulfur oxides, the city of Tashkent with carbon monoxide, and Fergana with hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds. Car traffic pollutes the air more than anyone else, as vehicle traffic is more concentrated in cities, rural areas and on highways. Road transport is the most active source of air pollution in large cities such as Tashkent. More than 80 percent of air pollution in cities comes from automobile traffic. Air pollution in the city of Tashkent by vehicle exhaust is a local environmental problem. In addition, common sources of pollution are soil and water, which are compounds of complex chemical elements used in industry, agriculture and everyday life, as well as solid and liquid waste from industry and construction, which also cause local environmental problems. Also, the sanitary condition of our yard, home, neighborhood and the body of each of us may be the cause of some local environmental problems. Today, due to the rapid development of world science and technology, natural resources are increasingly used for economic purposes. On top of this, the world's population is growing every year, which requires the production of large quantities of food, fuel, clothing and other goods. This is the reason for the rapid reduction of areas occupied by forests, the onset of deserts, soil destruction, reduction of the ozone barrier located above the atmosphere, an increase in the average temperature of the earth’s air, and other situations [5, p. 152]. Ecology is one of the most pressing social problems of our time. Its solution meets the interests of all peoples, and the present and future of civilization largely depends on the solution of this problem [6, p. 12]. At the present stage of development, the solution to a number of problems related to the interaction of man and nature cannot be limited to one country. They need to be addressed on a global scale. It can be seen that most of the land area has increased from 2.46 million hectares to 4.28 million hectares due to the protection of the natural environment from the harmful effects of human economic activities. A real threat is severe soil pollution from various industrial wastes and household waste. This leads to gross violations of the rules for storage, transportation and use of various chemicals, harmful substances and mineral fertilizers, industrial and construction materials. This limits the possibilities for its effective use. Rapid extraction of minerals and often imperfect technological schemes for their processing lead to the accumulation of large amounts of slag, ash, slag and other substances. They not only seize lands suitable for agriculture, but also become sources of soil, surface and groundwater pollution, and atmospheric air. The republic has not yet created an industry for the use of toxic waste. Another problem in the region is related to the need to implement a set of water protection and http://www/ 62 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us environmental measures. These measures include a close connection between the size of the irrigation network and irrigation technology in order to minimize water losses [7, p. 56]. The quality of water resources is one of the most important problems. Pollution of river waters worsens the environmental, hygienic and sanitary-epidemiological situation, especially in the lower reaches of rivers. On the other hand, the presence of salts in river waters increases the salinity of soils in the deltas of the Amu Darya, Syrdarya, Zarafshan and other rivers. This is manifested in additional reclamation work, the construction of ditch systems and the removal of soil salts. In the conditions of Uzbekistan and neighboring regions, providing the population with high- quality drinking water is of particular importance. Even in the works of Musa’s son Tashmuhammad Aibek, when he recalls his childhood, issues of caring for nature and people are mentioned [8, p. 16]. Also in religious literature, a fair approach to issues of attitude towards nature and animals, especially in the work “Avesta”, issues of nature conservation and non-infliction of suffering to animals are separately studied [9, p. 813]. The risk of the Aral Sea drying up has become a very acute problem, one might say, a national problem. The Aral Sea problem has a long history. The island crisis is one of the largest environmental and humanitarian tragedies in human history. The drying up of the Aral Sea and the resulting destruction of the natural environment in the Aral Bay region is considered an environmental disaster. The occurrence of dust and salt storms, desertification of lands not only on the island, but also far from the sea, climate and landscape changes - this is an incomplete list of the consequences of this tragedy. In connection with the drying of the sea on the coast of the island, a complex set of environmental, socio-economic and demographic problems of international, large-scale significance arose. The environmental tragedy associated with the drying up of the Aral Sea and desertification of the region is the pain of all peoples living in this basin. A set of problems related to water resources requires a large-scale and comprehensive interdisciplinary approach and the development of cooperation with the countries of the region. Considering how high the threat to the environment is for Uzbekistan and the entire Central Asian region, the government and the state pay great attention to issues of environmental protection and rational use of natural resources. Legislation has been adopted aimed at ensuring environmental protection. Currently, the main directions for strengthening environmental safety are: 1. Development and implementation of appropriate technologies. Establish strict control over the use of all pesticides that cause serious disruptions to natural processes in agriculture, forestry and other sectors of the economy. Stop polluting the air and water environment with substances that are harmful or have a negative impact on human life. It is important to widely introduce water-saving technologies when irrigating agricultural crops, especially cotton [10, p. 19]. It is necessary to increase the responsibility of industrial enterprises with the widespread use of a special tax for discharges of pollutants and harmful substances into the atmosphere, water bodies and soil. 2. It is necessary to rationally use all types of natural resources, ensuring the natural expansion of the reproduction of renewable resources and the consumption of non-renewable resources based on strict criteria. The rational use of the republic's mineral resources is a pressing issue. This is one of the main factors in protecting the environment. http://www/ 63 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us 3. It is necessary to change natural conditions over large areas in a scientifically based manner, aimed at a specific goal, to the extent that this ensures the effective and integrated use of natural resources. 4. It is necessary to preserve the entire natural gene pool of wildlife as a starting point through the breeding of new species of cultivated plants and animals. 5. It is necessary to create comfortable living conditions for the population in cities and other settlements through the introduction of a scientifically based system of urban planning and regional planning, excluding all the negative consequences of modern urbanization. 6. It is necessary to focus the attention of the world community on the environmental problems of the region, based on the fact that environmental problems know no borders. It should be borne in mind that today the island problem has become a truly large-scale problem affecting the entire planet, that its influence is already disturbing the biological balance and has a destructive effect on the gene pool of the population over vast territories. Conclusion. Attracting the resources, capabilities and investments of international organizations to solve these problems is a top priority. The implementation of the above effective measures for environmental protection will create the opportunity in the near future to eliminate many environmental problems, shortcomings and mistakes inherited by the young republic from the previous system. This also allows us to eliminate the threat of large-scale environmental stress, create the necessary conditions for the birth and development of a physically healthy young generation and an environmentally friendly environment for the population of the republic. References: 1. General ecology. Author - editor A.S. Stepanovskikh. - M.: Unity. - 2001.508 p. 2. Ososkova T.A., Spectorman T.Yu., Chub V.E. Changing of the climate. - Tashkent, 2005. 3. Environmental protection: Textbook for universities/Compiled by A.S. Stepanovsky. – M.: UNITY- DANA, 2000. – 559 p. 4. Masharipova G.K. The influence of the natural science, socio-philosophical and spiritual heritage of scientists of the Khorezm Mamun Academy on the development of social thinking. Monograph. – Tashkent, publishing house “Navruz”, 2019. – 364 p. 5. Postnova E.A., Korotenko V.A., Domashov I.A. V Master's program «Ecology»: a manual for teachers, 2003. - 168 p. 6. Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Volume II. Fauna - Maple ENK 2003. 7. General biology. - Tashkent, Shark, 2004. 8. Masharipova G.K. A’zamjonova S.Sh. Special Characteristics Of Aybek's Historical Novel «Sacred Blood» In Youth Education. // International Congress On Multidisciplinary Studies In Education And Applied Sciences. Spanish Conference 2022 Proceedings. Mar.27Th. - 16-19-pp. 9. Masharipova G.K. Current problems in teaching “Religious Studies”. // Academic research in the field of pedagogical sciences. 2022. NUU. Conference 2. - pp. 812-816. 10. Mavrishchev V.V. Basic social ecology. - Minsk: “Higher School”, 2000. http://www/