120 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies Volume 02, Issue 05, 2024 ISSN (E): 2993-2157 THE MAIN DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY AND COMPETITIVENESS OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR Ochilova Maftuna Toshpulat kizi Teacher, Karshi International University Base doctorial student, KEEI e-mail: mochilova53@gmail.com. Annotation: This article explores the causes of obstacles to improving the efficiency and competitiveness of the agricultural sector today. Defines the main directions for increasing the yield of agricultural products. Also, productivity in the field determines the perspective of society in socio-economic life. Keywords: competitiveness, cotton and wheat fields, food security, export potential, information from the agency for Statistics. Introduction In the current political conditions of our country, the growth of the economy is stabilizing, and the role of agriculture plays a special role in this. The development of this sector can lead to an increase in the volume of exports, an increase in the income of agrotashkilots, farmers and farmers operating in this farm, the creation of a number of jobs in rural areas and, as a result, an increase in the standard of living of the population and solving many food security problems. Therefore, in order to support the development of this sphere in our state, large-scale work is being carried out. An example of this is the decision of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan "on additional measures to expand the production, processing of agricultural products in 2023"and "on additional measures to promote the supply of the agrarian sector with modern agricultural techniques " of 2023. At present, there are a number of problems in the development of Agriculture in our country and in increasing the competitiveness of this sector, the period of work on which is taking place. Measures such as the reduction of cotton and wheat fields being made in the Republic in the last 5 years by a government decision, the involvement of the population in agricultural activities, and the use of water-saving methods in irrigation can increase the sector's share of GDP by 51%, agricultural employment by 16% and water economy by 11%, the World Bank notes. http://www/ 121 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us Analysis of thematic literature. European economist scholar W. According to Arthur Lewis, industrial and agricultural revolutions must always occur simultaneously, and the economy of an agricultural lame state can never see industrial development. Another foreign scholar, Mellor, argues that high efficiency in agriculture can only be achieved on small farms, and that this in turn can be a quick opportunity solution to problems such as poverty and famine. It was mentioned by T.W.Schultz that “agricultural revolution” or high yields could be achieved through a technical change in agriculture. Mosher, a 1966 scholar, thought that in Africa and Latin America, public and private funds were more focused on urban areas, making it difficult to achieve agricultural productivity from insufficient investment in agriculture. Research methodology. Research sources official website of the statistical agency under the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan: https://stat.uz/ru, the official website of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan is https://agro.uz/ru, an analytical site of countries in the territory of Central Asia: https://cabar.asia.ru, www.fao.org -the official site information of the International Organization for food and agriculture. They have been used in research work based on methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, systematic analysis. Basic analysis and results. There are government decisions related to the redistribution of land to grow fruits and vegetables instead of cotton and wheat fields in order to increase the efficiency of food supply to the population and improve food security. Experts from the Institute of macroeconomic and regional research (imri) reported that in 2018-2022, the conclusions in assessing the effectiveness of the use of land resources in agriculture decreased by 1.3 percent-from 3.396 million hectares to 3.353 million hectares1. According to the data of the beginning of 2023, the beginning of the division of 80,000 hectares to the population due to the reduction of cotton and grain fields was positively received by our compatriots and became an incentive for the development of the agricultural sector and the cultivation of products. The fact that this is the main focus on disadvantaged families on the list in the "Iron notebook","women's notebook" and "youth notebook" has provided a great opportunity to ensure that the population is engaged in profitable labor2. In order to ensure food safety and domestic talent with guaranteed quality agricultural products, a total of 4,499,000 hectares of land were planted in the semi-year of 2023. This is 42.8 thousand hectares more than in 2021, 3 million 191 thousand hectares are planted with primary, 791 thousand hectares with repeated, 140 thousand hectares between Garden-vine rows and 377 thousand hectares 1 In recent years, the yield of cotton and wheat in Uzbekistan has increased - News (agroworld.uz) 2 House of Oliy Majis (Assembly gov.uz) http://www/ 122 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us with lalmikor crops. In addition, 2,912 greenhouses are operating in 5.1 thousand hectares of agricultural enterprises, which are 71 hectares more than in 2021. It is noted that the yield of the main food products in the primary need, such as tomato potatoes and milk, is much lower than their real potential. These points indicate the need to increase the yield of agricultural products. The share of scientific research and services in finding solutions to productivity problems is incomparable. For many years, only 0.02% of Uzbekistan's gross agricultural product revenue was spent on agricultural research. This indicator can be seen to be much lower compared to other developed agricultural countries. In addition, the fact that information and consultative services that serve to alleviate the activities of farmers are absolutely not available in most regions can lead to the fact that the yield does not increase for a certain period of time. Nevertheless, in the report of the statistical agency on the socio-economic status of the Republic of Uzbekistan (January-June 2023), it will be possible to see an increase in the volume of agricultural products, in particular, meat-3.8%, milk - 2.9%, eggs – 4.5%, cereals – 7.3%, potatoes – 3.3%, poliz – 5.8%, fruits and berries – 5.0% and caught fish – 11.6 %. Increasing the yield of products can also lead to the maximum use of the country's export capabilities. It was reported that the state of Vetam exported $ 40 billion of this year's product. It can be seen that the export profits of this state amounted to $ 6,100 per hectare of productive land, which is 20 times stronger than the export capacity of Uzbekistan. Significant progress is also being made as a result of large-scale work aimed at increasing the export potential of Uzbekistan today. Looking at the cross section of the regions of export of fruits and vegetables abroad in January-November 2023, we can see that the Fergana region has implemented the largest amount of fruit vegetable escport. Fergana region - 289.3 thousand tons; Tashkent region - 217 thousand tons; Samarkand region-180.1 thousand tons; Surkhandarya region-157 thousand tons; Khorezm region-144 thousand tons; Namangan region-141.5 thousand tons; Andijan region-106.8 thousand tons; http://www/ 123 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us Tashkent City-89.1 thousand tons; Jizzakh region-77.1 thousand tons; Bukhara region-67.6 thousand tons; Kashkadarya region - 49.3 thousand tons; Syrdarya region - 45.4 thousand tons; Republic of Karakalpakstan-23.7 thousand tons; Navoi region-10.6 thousand tons3. In improving the efficiency of the supply of agricultural products to the population, it is important not only to increase the yield of agricultural products, but also to convey the grown food at affordable prices for the population, while maintaining its timely, initial state. The announcement of the statistical agency on January 5, 2023 lists the prices of primary foods on the market4. • beef with bone (1 kg) ➖ 49 500 – 80 000 Soum; • mutton (1 kg) ➖ 54,000-91,000; * potatoes (1 kg) ➖ 3300-6000 soums; • onion (1 kg) ➖ 2000-5000 soums; * carrots (1 kg) ➖ 1100-5000 soums; * eggs (10 pieces) ➖ 11,000-18,000; * rice (1 kg) ➖ 6,000-27,000 soums; • vegetable oil (1 l) ➖ 16 500 – 30 000 Soum; • sugar (1 kg) ➖ 11 000 – 14 000 Soum. Conclusion. The development of Agriculture is considered extremely important for a number of reasons. 3 “Problems arising in increasing the export potential of agricultural products and their solutions” Azizbek Rozigul Oglu Abdiraimov, Najmiddin Shamsiddinovich Muminov Academic Research in Educational Sciences Volume 4 / Issue 1 / 2023 ISSN: 2181-1385 4 Prices for food in the markets were announced in UzReport.news http://www/ 124 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us 1. 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