96 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies Volume 02, Issue 06, 2024 ISSN (E): 2993-2157 Problems and Solutions in the Process of Learning the English Equivalents of the Parts of Body Movement in Uzbek Language Avezova Nigora Safarovna The senior teacher of the Uzbek State University of world languages nigora.avezova.76@mail.ru Abstract: The word form, the semantic structure of interlaced words and their use in speech are various in different languages. When verbs representing body movement in Uzbek and English were compared, it was found that both languages had similar and different aspects in the expression of such verbs. Keywords: comparative linguistics, verbs of movement parts, action verbs, different aspects, equivalent, synonyms, interpreting lexemes, expression, phraseological units. Introduction Currently, because of the processes of globalization in the world, a number of new approaches are emerging in every science. At the same time, there is an increasing need for personnel who, having mastered foreign languages well, carry out the same translation processes in both languages. In the process of translating texts, phraseological units from Uzbek to English, or vice versa, from English to Uzbek, a number of difficulties in determining the equivalence were detected, the solution of which is considered to be pressing issues. When translating one or another combination from Uzbek into a foreign language, it is desirable that the translator certainly has the ability to choose and correctly use translation methods to solve difficulties associated with the lexical, grammatical and stylistic features of a foreign language. In the process of translation, it is necessary to pay attention to a huge number of aspects in comparative linguistics. A comparative study of the different features of Uzbek words with English words shows that English and Uzbek words differ in distinguishable characteristics. MAIN PART The development of modern linguistics is characterized by an increasing interest in the content of linguistic phenomena. 97 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us Currently, attempts are being made to study vocabulary and expressions as structurally organized levels and to identify the main types of lexical and lexico-semantic connections and relations in language. In connection with the development of comparative typological studies in the field of lexicon and phraseological semantics of related and unrelated languages, the establishment of national- cultural specificities of the semantics of linguistic units, unique semantic-stylistic components in the structure of their meaning is carried out. The semantic features of the English and Uzbek phrases cover associative meanings, connotations and cultural links inherent in linguistic expressions. English phrases often reflect the various influences obtained from the historical interaction of the language with German, Latin and romantic languages, which leads to a rich and diverse dictionary, which includes idiomatic expressions and metaphorical use. The semantic nuances of English sentences are shaped by the language's extensive literary tradition, scientific contributions and global influences, allowing for the expression of complex concepts and abstract ideas. Similarly, Uzbek phrases draw on a rich linguistic heritage and incorporate elements of Turkish, Persian and Arabic origin. The semantic peculiarities of Uzbek phrases are imbued with cultural and historical significance, reflecting the traditions, folklore and social customs of the Uzbek-speaking community. This semantic richness is evidenced in the idiomatic expressions, proverbs and poetic forms that permeate Uzbek usage and encapsulate the shared values, beliefs and experiences of Uzbek culture. Comparative Analysis of English and Uzbek Phrases A comparative analysis of the structural and semantic features of English and Uzbek phrases reveals both similarities and disparities that shape the linguistic expressions of these two languages. While English phrases often rely on a system of tense, aspect, and mood to convey temporal and modal meanings, Uzbek phrases use a system of vowel harmony, consonant mutations, and agglutinative morphology to indicate grammatical relationships and convey subtle differences in meaning. Furthermore, English and Uzbek phrases exhibit different syntactic and grammatical features, with English having a primarily analytic structure characterized by the use of auxiliaries, prepositions, and word order to convey grammatical relationships. When comparing the lexical valence levels of words in Uzbek and English, it seems that they are not the same. The Uzbek word for "chair" can be associated with nouns such as” hand “and” chair". But the English verb “to raise”, which expresses its meaning, “hand” (“to raise hands”, but not “to raise chair”, but “to lift chair” becomes). As can be seen from the examples, when translating, it is better to take into account the nature of each language itself. It is known that verbs denoting an action that occurs as a result of the physical activity of individuals and objects are verbs of action. For example, walk, run, go out, go out, move, swing, crawl, jump, fly, 98 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us jump, shake, etc. In the linguistics of the Uzbek language, the study of forms of the way of movement is divided into three large stages. This alone suggests that translating these group of verbs into English is complex. Each language has its own style of terms, and when translating them, it is difficult to know the history of the origin of the people, mentality, language. The most fundamental research of scientists on the systematization of linguistic developments in the field of terminology is carried out on the following aspects in the study of terminological systems, in particular, 1) features of the meaning and morphological aspects of terms; 2) study of the meaning component, taking into account the evolution of the semantics of terms in the context of scientific progress; 3) adaptation and organization of terminological systems to appropriate groups; 5) comparison of terminological systems in different groups of languages; 6) special attention was paid to the study of determining the practical aspect that helps lexicographic practice. When the synonymy properties of action verbs in Uzbek were studied, it has become known that a verb of an action that has acquired many meanings can form a mutually synonymous series with two or more meanings (singular, inflection - look alike, shrink). Words that belong to the synonymic series of action verbs can represent the sign of the concept with different degrees. While some words in a synonymic row represent a character with a normal rank, some may indicate a strong rank, and some may also represent a character with a weak rank (to wander, to wobble). It should also be taken into account that when studying the synonymic nature of action verbs, their mutual differentiation according to their emotional coloring, due to the fact that they are characteristic of literary language or dialects, due to their multiple or slight application. When the antonymic nature of action verbs is studied, it becomes clear that they are mainly verbs made from antonym words (adjectives, adverbs) that know the sign (kengaymoq-toraymoq, ko’paymoq-ozaymoq, sekinlashmoq-tezlashmoq - to expand-to narrow, to multiply-to slim down, to slow down – to accelerate). Verbs expressing body movement have been studied in a general way in Uzbek linguistics. It was not studied in the comparative case in Uzbek and English. Verbs regarding the perception, orientation of the body can be classified into the following groups: - Verbs that express an action related to the foot: yurmoq, kezmoq, yo‘rg‘alamoq, pildiramoq, lapanglamoq, gandiraklamoq, do‘qonglamoq, tentiramoq, tepkilamok, tepmoq, toptamoq, depsinmoq, tisarilmoq; English variants of these verbs are walk, wander, diaper, peep, lap, clap, kick, jerk, jerk off. 99 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us - verbs that express hand-related action: urmoq, solmoq, ushlamoq, silamoq, tirnamoq, shapaloqlamoq, chimchilamoq, uqalamoq, qitiqlamoq, mushtlamoq, chertmoq, hovuchlamoq, chapak chalmoq, paxsa qilmoq; English variants of these verbs are: kick, grab, rub, scratch, slap, pinch, tickle, punch. Verbs that are apparently close to each other are rendered alike. For example; in uzbek urmoq , solmoq- is understood to mean: kick. - verbs related to facial movement: kulmoq, jirkanmoq, ijirg‘anmoq; variants of these verbs in English-laugh, disgust, creep. - verbs related to eyebrow and eye movement: suzmoq, yummoq, ochmoq, termulmoq, nazar tashlamoq, nigoh tashlamoq, nazar solmoq, chimirmoq, uchirmoq, qoqmoq; English variants of these verbs - strain, roll, unfold, , take a look, throw a gaze, take a look, pinch, blow, knock. – verbs associated with lip movement: burmoq, cho‘chchaytirmoq; this is a variant of verbs in English-crease. Apparently, verbs that are close to each other are translated in a similarly. verbs related to ear, nasal movement are: eshitmoq, tinglamoq, ding qilmoq, nafas olmoq, jiyirmoq, qoqmoq, tortmoq; types of these verbs in English are: hear, listen, breathe, squeak, pull. Apparently, from verbs that are close to each other, jiyirmoq, qoqmoq - squeak is translated in a similar way. – body verbs with the plural action: egilmoq, bukilmoq, gerdaymoq, qiyshaymoq, sulaymoq; variants of these verbs in English-bend down, twisting, twitching. Depending on what is given in the translation, verbs that are close to each other are translated from inflection, bukilmoq, gerdaymoq, qiyshaymoq, sulaymoq – as twisting. As can be seen from the above examples, synonyms of action verbs did not fall with literal English translation, and at the same time the level of equivalence is very low. From this, argues that the Uzbek language equivalent of lexemes interpreting the character of body parts, with synonyms are greater than in English. CONCLUSION When verbs representing body movement members in Uzbek and English were compared, it was found that both languages had similar and different aspects in the expression of such verbs. While the initial semantics of the verb of this action in Uzbek looks a lot simplified the content almost corresponds to the lexemes of the Uzbek language. So, if there is an equivalent of the English lexeme in Uzbek, and the meaning is not fully expressed, the forms of the way of action come to the rescue in order to more vividly express the meaning in Uzbek, as well as cases of expression with phraseological units are also observed in such cases. References 1. Baskakov N.A. Karakalpaksky yazik, II, phonetics I morphology, 1952 2. Modern Uzbek. Morphology. Team of authors. Tashkent, 2009 3. Rakhmatullayev Sh., Mamatov N., Shukurov R. Explanation Dictionary of the Uzbek language antonyms. - Tashkent: Teacher, 1980 4. Tatarinov V.A.// Słupskie prace humanistyczne / Wyższa szkoła pedagogiczna. – Słupsk, 1999. 100 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us – No 18. 5. Gofurov I. etc. Theory of translation - Tashkent: , 2012. 6. Hajiyev A. Explanatory Dictionary of synonyms of the Uzbek language. - Tashkent. - Teacher, 1974 7. Akhmedova R. A. Classification and lexical -semantic features of somatic phraseological units related to culture in English and Uzbek languages.-2024 8. Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences (E)ISSN: 2181-1784 4(01), Jan., 2024 SJIF 2024 = 6.131) ASI Factor = 1.7 www.oriens.uz