118 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies Volume 02, Issue 06, 2024 ISSN (E):2993-2157 The History of Learning Ancient Bukhara City Ergashov Fayoz Ibod O’g’li Teacher of History Department of Zarmed University Abstract: This article discusses information about the city of Bukhara, the main city of Central Asia, of researchers of the 20th century. In this case, after Bukhara city became an object of scientific research, we will see that its studies have developed considerably. Basically, we can see that the contribution of O.A Sukhareva, M.S.Andreyev in the historical researches of Bukhara city is incomparable. In addition, we can witness that information about the city of Bukhara was studied with the help of representatives of the diplomatic mission, orientalists, qualified officials, and military personnel. Ignatiev, the representative of the diplomatic mission, also covered the stories of the Russian soldiers. At the same time, the scientific activities of Khanikov, Leman, Zavyalov and other researchers were analyzed. Keywords: the central city of Bukhara, research materials, local researchers, research methodology. Introduction. If we consider today's historiography as an example of Central Asian cities, then Bukhara, which is among Sharif cities, has always been in the center of research. Naturally, the central city of Bukhara has a leading position in researches related to the period of the 20th century Bukhara Emirate. During the 20th century, researches were conducted in various directions to study the city of Bukhara, its inhabitants, socio-economic life and similar aspects. learning was taken as the main goal. Analysis of the literature on the subject: (Literature Review) lifestyle, the literatures showing the socio-economic life, activities of the population, ethnographic characteristics of the city of Bukhara were widely spread by the 20th century researches. The information of representatives of various classes was used in the compilation of data. Diplomatic mission representatives, officials, and even foreign prisoners' data were collected. they made a unique contribution to the creation of the literature of this period. Literature on the topic can be studied in the following groups: 1. Research materials carried out at the beginning of the 20th century 2. Materials of local researchers 3. Memoirs Research methodology (Research methodology) Main part. Research work is based on historiographical analysis and comparative analysis methods. If Central Asian cities are a direction that attracts special attention in the history of science, then the city of Bukhara, glorified by the name "Beauty of God" occupies the main place. "The information was studied on the basis of information obtained from random representatives, merchants, prisoners. Representatives of the diplomatic mission, orientalists, qualified officials and military personnel were involved in the study of the city on the basis of risk."[ 1; 19] O.A. Sukhareva plays the main role in research related to the city of Bukhara, and in turn, M.S. Andreyev has a great contribution to Sukhareva's scientific research. They came to Bukhara in 1947. The work related to Bukhara lasted for fifteen years. "The internal structure of the urban environment remains one of the unclear, little-studied problems of eastern 119 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us historiography" [2;] Yu. Yakubovsky worked effectively in this field and gave its topographic essence. However, in 1951, he had to emphasize that the cities were studied mainly in a formal way. This led the researchers to study the historical cities of Central Asia. In addition, we can learn valuable information about the city of Bukhara through the stories of 6 Russian prisoners who remained in Bukhara published by Ignatiev in 1858. Khanikov came to Bukhara and studied the works of his predecessors. Alexander Lehmann gives information in his work written in German and writes about madrasa, education system, wedding ceremonies. S. Ainiy, who studied in Bukhara madrasas for many years, writes that "There were up to a hundred big madrasas and the same number of small madrasas in the city" [3; 1]. From the middle of the 19th century, there was a need to summarize information about Bukhara. V. Zavyalov continued the work started by P. Savelyev in 1835 and wrote two detailed articles. One of the researchers, T. Poslavsky, described the plan of the city of Bukhara. This plan was drawn up by the military topographer Parfyonov under the leadership of Captain Fenin, and was put into scientific circulation under the name "Fenin". The "Fenin" plan formed the basis of all plans, articles and works of the period of the socialist revolution was announced. This plan was presented as "made at the level of modern cartography". "Division into four parts between two intersecting streets is considered to be a complex type of division. The division of residential areas in this way is defined in the planning of the city planning. It is exactly defined. This same ancient planning is also in Bukhara. The city is divided into four parts " [ 4; 285]. In one of the information about Bukhara, Sadullayev said that "Uzbeks live in all parts of Bukhara." In this case, the urban abolis is divided into the following components: artisans - make up the main part of the city's population, merchants perform an important task for the economic life of the city and are the majority, urban peasants - i.e. landowners, servants - city servants. The inhabitants of the city have always been divided into classes. According to Russian researchers, the population of the city was divided into 3 categories: citizens, soldiers and clerics. Most of them were citizens. This social class corresponded to the "third class" in European feudal society. This category includes artisans, craftsmen, merchants, and all urban workers. If we look at the materials taken from the archives of the Institute of Tropical Diseases, this institute studied the quarters of Bukhara in detail. "The city's divided quarters have clear boundaries" [5;30]. In the memoirs of O.A.Sukhareva, information is given about the occupations of the residents of Bukhara. In the beginning of the 20th century, metal caster was mainly engaged in the production of plugs. In Bukhara, there were about a hundred branches of crafts. Artisans worked on metal, leather, clothes, and various construction works. In the city of Bukhara itself there were 7-degree workshops. At the end of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX century, there were 40-50 rekhtagars in Bukhara. Cannon parts and weapons were prepared by Rekhtagars. The interpretation of the city of Bukhara was illuminated in its own way in the accounts of 20th century researchers. Conclusions and suggestions. If we analyze the researches on the history of the city of Bukhara in the 20th century and conclude from this, we can see that the researches mainly study the life, activities, activities, ethnographic and economic life of the local population of the city of Bukhara. In short, the sources of this period play an important role in the study of the history of the city of Bukhara. The following proposals can be put forward in relation to the analysis: 1. To cover the history of the city of Bukhara in the 1st XX century and carry out comparative analysis. 2. Analyzing the sources, literature, memoirs, memories of this period by comparing them with each other. 3. Elaborate articles and scientific treatises on the subject and bring them to the attention of scientific researchers. 120 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us REFERENCES 1. O.A.Suxareva. "Бухара ХlX-начало ХХ-в Позднефэодалный город и его население", М.1966. С. 19-21. 2. А.Ю.Якубовский. Главные вопросы изучения истории городов Средней Азии, - "Труды Тадж. филиала АН СССР, "[Душанбе], т. 29, 1951, стр. 4. 3. С.Айни Марги Судхур [Душанбе], 1953, стр. 1. 4. С.П.Толстов "Древний Хоразм", М, 1949, стр. 285. 5. В.А.Шишкин "Архитектурные памятники Бухары, Ташкент.1936, стр. 30.