9 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies Volume 01, Issue 06, 2023 ISSN (E): 2993-2157 The Essence of the Concepts of "Territory" and "Region" Ikrom Ergashboevich Kenjayev Associate Professor at the University of Business and Science, Uzbekistan Abstract: The article discusses the term "region" and its origin. Various priority components of the region are also highlighted. And the concept of regional development, growth and development of public administration at the regional level is defined. Scientific approaches to the definition of the concept of "economic mechanism" and its principle construction have been developed. Keywords: region, regional economy, economic mechanism, regional development, economic environment. The formation of a new scientific paradigm for the development of the world economy requires the improvement of a developed methodological apparatus based on a systematic methodology of economic development adapted to the conditions of Uzbekistan. On the path of economic transformation, Uzbekistan is increasingly faced with issues of regional policy, defined as a set of measures whose purpose is to provide significant dynamics to regional socio-economic development. - economic development, attracting the potential resources of the regions to the economic turnover to a greater extent and using territorial division and cooperation more widely by expanding the powers and increasing the responsibility of local executive authorities and local self-government bodies in solving current problems of territories and problems that may arise in the future [1]. The term "region" comes from the Latin word "region", which translated into Uzbek means "country", "region", "district". Obviously, the above definition is limited, because it does not reveal the essence of such a complex concept in structure and functions. Within the framework of this work, the terminological ordering of the term "region" is carried out from the point of view of economic and related sciences, that is, as an economic category. Within the framework of a systematic approach, various priority components of the region are identified, namely: 1. Territorial: region - "it is a complex territorial social system, is a relatively independent link of the administrative-territorial structure of Uzbekistan or is part of a social system, the backbone factor of which is the territory"; 2. Economic: the region is a "subsystem of the national economy", because the main determining component of the regional system is the economic activity carried out within it; 3. Reproduction: the region is "a relatively independent part of the socio-economic complex of the country with a complete cycle of reproduction and specific features of the course of social and economic processes", since the region "carries out full cycles of reproduction of the 10 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us population and natural resources, fixed and circulating funds, part of the national wealth, monetary circulation, production relations distribution, exchange and consumption of products", that is, within its framework "the entire process of reproduction of the total social product is carried out". Civil servants define a region as an object of governance, namely: a territory that has a certain administrative status and occupies an intermediate position between the central government and local self-government. This interpretation of the term "region" is reflected in the normative legal acts of Uzbekistan [2]. Therefore, it is natural to highlight the organizational and managerial approach, where there is a state-management orientation by definition of the category "region". The concept of "regional development" usually refers to differences in growth characteristics for different regions of the country. In Uzbekistan, the problems of regional development mainly arise in the form of issues related to the uneven distribution of income between regions; differences in growth rates and unemployment, as well as differences in the spread of poverty, social indicators and social tension. Taking into account the economic, social and political history of Uzbekistan, regional development issues come to the fore, since entire industries and areas of economic activity turned out to be unviable during the transition to a market system. As for the question: is there a relationship between the categories of "growth" and "development", then the generally recognized main goal of public administration at the regional level is development, not growth. Within the framework of regional theories and in the practical implementation of regional policy measures, we are talking exclusively about economic growth, not economic development. This can be explained as follows: in addition, economic growth, as opposed to development, is quantifiable, so it is convenient to use it in research and in practice; within the country, it makes sense to talk about regional imbalances in the pace of economic growth, not development; some researchers understand growth as development, but these are different things: to grow means to increase in size, in volume, and development is a specific process of change, the result of which is the emergence of a qualitatively new. In accordance with the developed concept, we will justify our choice of a mechanism for implementing the state policy for the development of the domestic market of innovative products. To do this, it is necessary to analyze scientific approaches to the definition of the actual concept of "mechanism" and classify the types of mechanisms in the economy, starting with the concept of "economic mechanism" (Table.1.1) and types of economic mechanisms. Table 1.1. Scientific approaches to the definition of the concept of "economic mechanism" The name of the scientific approach and the main representatives The essence of the definition A mechanistic approach A sequence of states, processes that determine any action, phenomenon; an internal structure, a system that determines the order of any type of activity Functional approach The definition of an economic mechanism is based on taking into account the type of economic relations and forms of labor organization Information approach An economic mechanism is a communication system in which participants exchange messages with each other and the center, which allows them to form an economic result. Process approach The mechanism is the resource support of the process, its material part and includes a set of interrelated elements 11 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us "configured" to perform the function of the process; A mechanism is a set of resources of an economic process and ways to combine them. Thus, it can be stated that it is most expedient to achieve the goal of our research (that is, to improve the theoretical foundations of the formation of a mechanism for the implementation of the state policy for the development of the domestic market of innovative goods) this is the construction of the concept of such a mechanism based on a systematic combination of information and process approaches. In addition, taking into account the need to coordinate the interests of all subjects of the market of innovative goods, it follows from its definition, it is advisable to choose the creation of an integrated mechanism that will include both a management mechanism and an impact tool, and an interaction mechanism as an interaction tool for all subjects and objects of the market. The principles of the mechanism should be: the principle of adaptability: the mechanism should respond quickly to changes in external and internal factors; the principle of integrity: the mechanism must have stable, long-term connections that can withstand external and internal loads; and the principle of self-organization: enabling all subjects to choose and combine directions, forms of interaction, methods of problem solving; and the principle of property protection: any property of all market participants, especially intellectual property, must be protected; and the principle of investment protection: investments in scientific research, technological entrepreneurship, etc. All market participants must be protected; the principle of manufacturability: the elements of the mechanism and their interrelationships should be built on an innovative and informational basis; and the project principle: the decomposition of goals and their achievement within the framework of projects (including national, regional, sectoral, etc.); the principle of coordination of interests: the algorithm of actions of market entities should provide for the achievement of coordination and realization of interests; the principle of budget efficiency: it is necessary to avoid low efficiency of budget expenditures (that is, the current underfunding of state targeted and budget programs, which makes their budgeting and implementation predictable, violation of the principle of priority financing of budget programs as a result of lobbying the interests of individual ministries and departments; blurring of the formulation of goals in budget programs, which makes it impossible to determine the criterion of their effectiveness; imitation of performance indicators, when indicators are selected as indicators that can be easily achieved, but at the same time they do not make any economic sense). We can present the implementation mechanism as an integral system, which consists of: 1. the object as a sphere of interests of market subjects, which is adjusted as a result of the actions of the center aimed at coordinating their interests and improving the efficiency of the market; 2. the center determines the basic rules of the game, as well as organizes and/or controls the implementation of the rules developed by the subjects on the basis of taking into account the interests of all parties; 3. algorithm as a set of actions of subjects aimed at achieving coordination and realization of 12 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us interests; 4. desired results, as a description of the desired state obtained as a result of the action of the mechanism; 5. factors (external or internal) that affect the operation of the mechanism (positively or negatively); 6. assumptions, that is, resource constraints that determine the achievement of the mechanism's goal; 7. elements that provide active feedback of subjects and the Center. It is advisable to define the external factors affecting the operation of the mechanism as: uncertainty factor associated with turbulent processes in the global and Uzbek economy; the main factor of the social environment: the size and structural composition of the population, the level of education and health care; and the factor of the regulatory environment: legislative regulation of entrepreneurial activity, increased requirements from state institutions, antimonopoly, financial and customs policy; state participation in the production and sale of the product; patent and licensing policy; social policy; security policy. Sudden changes in the political situation in the country can lead to changes in business conditions, increased resource costs, loss of profits, etc.; economic environment factor: level, dynamics and structure of gross domestic product (GDP) level, sources and distribution of national income; trends in economic growth (or decline) level and rates of inflation, trends in the development of individual industries; supply and demand in the markets; solvency of counterparties, level and dynamics of prices; unemployment and fluctuations in the national currency regarding the currencies of other states, the system of taxation and lending, etc. The level of economic development of a country determines the conditions for the functioning of its markets. The main internal factor that affects the operation of the mechanism is the presence (or absence) of scientific and technical infrastructure, which consists of the following parts: and regulatory; legislative and regulatory framework that ensures the functioning of the entire scientific infrastructure in the complex; legislative and regulatory framework that ensures the functioning of the mechanism of public-private partnership, legislative and regulatory framework that ensures the protection of intellectual property rights; organizational: state system of planning and decision-making in the field of science and technology; state executive bodies ensuring the implementation of decisions taken in the field of science and coordination of the work of research institutions of various departmental affiliation; organizational structure of public and private research institutions; financial: a legislatively fixed system of state financing of scientific research of fundamental and applied nature at all levels through the relevant ministries and departments (basic financing) a system for accepting applications for financing scientific research from state funds; a system of competitive targeted financing for the creation of new scientific infrastructure facilities; a grant system of financial support for young scientists, leading scientists, leading scientific schools and scientific teams; the system of state incentives for private investment in scientific research; production and technological: industrial parks based on unprofitable industrial enterprises; technoparks; innovation and technology centers; technology transfer centers; and information: the system of state peer-reviewed scientific publications; the state system of scientific and technical information; international expertise of projects and the progress of their 13 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us implementation in the field of fundamental research; the state system for ensuring intellectual property rights to the results of scientific and technical activities; private and public media products to highlight the development of technological entrepreneurship in the country and the world; expert consulting: organizations that provide assessments and audits of technological projects (due diligence). 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