237 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies Volume 02, Issue 06, 2024 ISSN (E):2993-2157 Studying the Language of Russian Proverbs and Sayings in the Russian Language Lessons Razzakova Mexriniso Tairovna Russian Teacher of Languages Department at Zarmed University Abstract: The article examines the current topic of studying the language of Russian proverbs and sayings in the context of Russian language classes, and also considers the use of these language units when teaching students in non-Russian linguistic groups. The purpose and objective of this article is to increase the motivation for learning the Russian language and the success of its acquisition through the use of Russian proverbs and sayings. Keywords: thinking, oral folk art, proverbs, sayings, speech development, language. Introduction. Science and thinking are a mature example of human perfection, a spark of humanity passing from darkness to light through periods. There is not a single branch of science in the world that does not complement each other, that does not serve the development of each other, including language and the field of linguistics that studies it. Modern linguistics is radically different from other eras in its new approach to problems and new solutions. These same characteristics are also evident in the field of oral folk art, which is considered an important branch of linguistics. The study of phraseological units, proverbs and sayings formed with the help of colors, images, thoughts is also one of the most pressing problems of modern linguistics. Main part. The use of proverbs and sayings in Russian language lessons develops the creative initiative of students through prepared and unprepared speech. Knowledge of Russian proverbs and sayings enriches students' vocabulary, helps them master the figurative structure of the language, develops memory, and introduces them to folk wisdom. Proverbs are used to practice the sound side of speech. They help to define the pronunciation of individual heavy consonants, especially those that are absent in the native language. Using proverbs and sayings in their speech, students learn to express their feelings clearly, concisely, expressively, coloring their speech with intonation. The ability to creatively use words, the ability to figuratively describe an object, and give it a vivid description develops. Proverbs and sayings vividly concretize the organic combination of speech and thinking. Listening and discussing the content of the proverb improves active speech and develops thinking. With the help of specially organized speech and creative tasks, it is proposed to determine what the proverb is about, or to end the proverb with the appropriate word, and in case of difficulty, asks to choose the correct answer from several proposed options. Tasks for the development of thinking and memory are also offered. The teacher conducts the exercise “Selection of proverbs” for the studied fairy tales, or asks students to create an appropriate situation that would confirm specific proverbs or sayings. Collective work using the collage method, staging proverbs and other creative tasks and interesting exercises are carried out to develop the imagination. 238 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us Proverbs and sayings have a great educational impact due to their special form, emotionality, imagery, brightness, and accessibility. They introduce students to moral and ethical standards, develop cultural behavior skills, and teach students to be polite, modest, restrained, responsible, and to respect people in a concise and accessible manner. The use of proverbs and sayings in teaching the Russian language allows them to be used not only to explain many grammatical phenomena, but also to enrich vocabulary. Proverbs and sayings can be used in speech development exercises in which they are used as a stimulus. Proverbs and sayings remain firmly in the memory. Their memorization is facilitated by various consonances, rhymes, rhythms, sometimes very skillful. The people who created the proverbs did not know how to read and write, and the common people had no other way to store their life experiences and their observations. A modern lesson should be interesting, rich in cognitive information, and the material should be accessible to students. This means that the main goal of the teacher is, when preparing for a lesson, to select methods and tools that can not only combine theoretical knowledge and practical skills of students, but also shape their worldview as a whole. When working on proverbs and sayings, it is advisable to pay attention to the use of proverbs and sayings when teaching grammar. The use of proverbs and sayings is one of the most effective methods of expanding and deepening students' knowledge. Familiarizing students with proverbs and sayings of the language being studied is one of the effective principles of working on the development of speech skills and abilities. Proverbs allow students to get in touch with the culture of the country of the language they are learning. They convince students that different peoples are characterized by the same thoughts and aspirations, and serve their moral education. Familiarity with proverbs evokes positive emotions in students, which significantly influences the motivation to use the target language as a means of intercultural communication. A huge variety of proverbs makes it possible to use them in work with students of any age and any level of development. The deep content of these short statements not only develops students' thinking, but also has great educational value. For example, in the process of learning the Russian language, proverbs and sayings act as expressive means that contribute to the development of linguistic flair. Different peoples speaking different languages have proverbs and sayings that are identical in meaning and use. Each proverb and saying, based on worldly wisdom, is based on the characteristics of the national mentality, character and behavior. By comparing folk proverbs - the heritage of the Uzbek people's thinking - with their Russian equivalents, we can clearly see the closeness of the worldview of the two peoples. Students of national groups are happy to complete tasks related to the selection of semantic versions of Russian proverbs into Uzbek ones. A lot of Russian proverbs coincide in meaning with Uzbek ones. For example: Distribute proverbs similar in meaning to Uzbek proverbs. 1. Семь раз отмерь, один раз отрежь. – Yetti o’lchab, bir kes. 2. Утро вечера мудренее. – Kechasi yotib o’yla, ertasi turib so’yla. 3. Язык до Киева доведёт – So’rab-so’rab Makkani topibdi. 4. Слово не воробей, вылетит – не поймаешь. - Aytilgan gap, otilgan o'q. 5. Рыба гниёт с головы. (or Вода мутится у истока)– Baliq boshidan sasiydi. 6. Язык птицы понимает птица. – Qush tilini qush biladi. The need for search tools for equivalent translation of expressions into the Uzbek language develops translation skills and abilities. In addition, working with proverbs and sayings stimulates students' interest in working with the dictionary. 239 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us At different stages of learning, proverbs and sayings help solve various problems. There are phonetic, grammatical and lexical aspects of a language. Proverbs and sayings serve as an effective method of ensuring interest in learning the Russian language. The use of proverbs and sayings in the practice of a Russian language teacher will undoubtedly contribute to students' better mastery of this subject, expanding their knowledge of the language and vocabulary. At the initial stage, you can turn to proverbs and sayings to practice the sound side of speech. They help to establish the pronunciation of individual difficult sounds, especially those that are absent in the native language. Instead of individual words and phrases containing one sound or another, you can offer the group specially selected proverbs and sayings. Then, over the course of two or three lessons, the proverb or saying is repeated, and the pronunciation of the sound is corrected. To begin with, you can pay attention to phonetic features, i.e., for the development of pronunciation skills that help establish the pronunciation of individual difficult vowels and consonants, especially those absent in the native language. For example, you can offer the following proverbs and sayings for sound processing in: Что написано пером, того не вырубить топором. Рыбак рыбака видит издалека. Выше головы не прыгнешь. When explaining the spelling of words with double consonants, you can use the following proverbs: Нежданный гость лучше жданных двух. Не играй с огнем - обожжешься. Also, proverbs and sayings better contribute to the automation and activation of grammatical forms and structures. So, with the help of the imperative mood, you can express a request, advice, suggestions, wishes, permissions, prohibitions, warnings, which are contained in proverbs. For example: Не имей сто рублей, а имей сто друзей. Дают — бери; бранят — беги! Любишь кататься, люби и саночки возить. Не спеши языком, торопись делом. Век живи, век учись. Гнева не пугайся, на ласку не кидайся; Не ищи красоты, ищи доброты; С сильным не борись, с богатым не судись; Семь раз отмерь - один раз отрежь. Forms of the subjunctive mood, which are used to express the desired, possible, probable, necessary, doubtful action, are also very often present in proverbs and sayings of the Russian language. For example: Была бы шея, а хомут найдется. Были б денежки в кармане, будет и тетушка в торгу. Были бы кости, а мясо нарастёт. Было бы болото, а черти найдутся. Было бы желание, будет и результат. You can also use proverbs and sayings when studying numerals: 240 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us Одна книга тысячу людей учит. Один за всех и все за одного. Сто голов - сто умов. Двух зайцев гонять - ни одного не поймать. Один в поле не воин. Два сапога –пара. Дороже алмаза свои два глаза. Бог любит троицу. Не имей сто рублей, а имей сто друзей. Один ум хорошо, а два лучше. Двое дерутся – третий не мешай. Знаю, как свои пять пальцев. Нужен, как собаке пятая нога. Ружьё убьёт одного, язык – тысячи. The use of proverbs and sayings in the process of mastering degrees of comparison of adjectives is also one of the effective principles of working on the development of speech skills and abilities. For example, Утро вечера мудренее. Правда светлее солнца. Человек твёрже камня, нежнее цветка. Здоровье дороже золота. Доброе братство сильнее богатства. Дождливое лето хуже осени. Старый друг, лучше новых двух. Нет в мире краше Родины нашей. На чужой стороне Родина милей вдвойне. Родина краше солнца, дороже золота. The use of proverbs and sayings in the practice of teaching the Russian language contributes to better mastery of these subjects, expanding knowledge about the language, vocabulary and features of its functioning. On the other hand, their study represents an additional source of linguistic, cultural and sociocultural knowledge. The need to find means of equivalent translation of expressions into the native language develops translation skills and abilities. Working with proverbs and sayings motivates you to work with a dictionary. The wide functionality of proverbs and sayings allows you to practice pronunciation, improve rhythmic and intonation skills, activate and automate many grammatical phenomena, enrich students' vocabulary, help them master the structure of the language, feel its emotional expressiveness, develop memory and creative initiative. By working on proverbs and sayings, students comprehend the diversity of language, its means of expression and figurative content, and express their personal attitude. This is the basis for the formation of not only linguistic competence, but also an aesthetic sense. Work with proverbs and sayings, which can be carried out both in the classroom and in extracurricular work in the form of various tasks, competitions, and quizzes. 241 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us The use of proverbs and sayings in Russian language lessons contributes to better mastery of this subject, expanding knowledge about the language and the features of its functioning. Familiarization with the culture of the country of the language being studied through elements of folklore gives students a feeling of involvement in the linguistic culture of another people. Based on the collected materials from the article, we can draw the following conclusions: proverbs decorate speech, make it more accurate, expressive, helping to avoid repetition. Proverbs and sayings reflect a way of life and are a vivid and expressive source for learning the Russian language. The methodological and practical values of using proverbs and sayings in the process of teaching the Russian language were identified. Thus, the use of proverbs and sayings is advisable to illustrate grammatical phenomena and consolidate them in speech. Due to their lexical and grammatical richness, proverbs and sayings can be used to enrich vocabulary. Also, as a stimulus, they can be used for speech development. Studying proverbs and sayings helps to enrich vocabulary, helps develop memory, and also introduces folk wisdom. References 1. Жуков В.П. Словарь русских пословиц и поговорок. М., Сов. Энциклопедия, 1966. 2. Григорян Л.Т. Язык мой – друг мой. М., Просвещение, 1976. 3. Даль В.И. Пословицы русского народа. М., Русская книга, 1993. 4. Ожегов С.И. Толовый словарь русского языка: 80000 слов и фразеологических выражений. М., Азбуковник, 1999. 5. Sh S. D., Kh M. U. Ibatova NI BEHAVIORAL LANGUAGE ETIQUETTE IN UZBEK PROVERBS AND SAYINGS //ВЕСТНИК НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ. – 2020. – Т. 11. – №. 89. – С. 51-53. 6. Khamdamovna M. U. The use of Irony in Uzbek Poems as a Speech Decoration //Central Asian Journal of Literature, Philosophy and Culture. – 2021. – Т. 2. – №. 11. – С. 17-20. 7. Mavlonova U. K., Makhmurova M. K., Kodirov T. D. Description of art media in literature //LXIV International Correspondence Scientific and Practical Conference “European Research: Innovation in science, education and technology» June. – 2020. – С. 5-9.