302 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies Volume 02, Issue 06, 2024 ISSN (E): 2993-2157 THE CASE OF 17 AND DJADID Artikov Zafar Zaripovich Teacher of History, Bukhara ZARMED University zafarartikov.85@gmail.com Phone number :+998973030424 Annotation. This article mainly examines the repressive policy of the Soviet Union in the 1930s in the colonial republics of Central Asia. Basic terms: counterrevolutionary, young Bukharian, Bukharian independence, anti-Soviet, underground association, eavesdropping, printing house, trinity, nationalist, pan-Turk, pan-Turkist, Trotskyist. Introduction The policy of the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s was the most “bloody” in its entire history. A particularly fierce struggle unfolded against the representatives of the Jadids, who fought for the freedom of the Motherland, their press, schools and political structures. During the same period, Muinjon Alimov, Khodjaev, Pulatovich, Saijonov, Mukhtarov, and others were executed from representatives of the Jadids of the BSSR, a total of 17 people on unfair charges, which left the name “case 17” in history. Let's briefly consider these events using the example of Otaullah Khodjaev. The main content of the article Thousands and thousands of innocent people became victims of repression and terror due to the violent policy of the Soviet government, which relied on law enforcement agencies in the 1920s and 1930s. The totalitarian (total) regime of government and the policy of discrimination (segregation) served to strengthen the terrorist power. Otaullah Khojaev was among the Jadidi munawars who fell under such terrible “storms” of the totalitarian regime. The instruction concerning the investigation of repressed and arrested “traitors to the Motherland” was proposed from above and clearly defined the goals, objectives and methods of conducting the investigation. By special instruction; before you is a “traitor” who has committed “anti-revolutionary”, “enemy of the people”, “anti-Soviet” activities. He must be brought to his knees before the Soviet government and place his guilt, even by any means, personally on his neck,” the investigative staff was instructed. During the investigation, the “anti-Soviet element” had to not give a minute's respite, interrogate him as long as possible, keeping him in extremely unfavorable cell conditions for two, three, four days, and, if necessary, longer, until he admits his “guilt”. The accused had to admit his crimes with his own mouth, apologize to the party and the Soviet government, and beg for mercy on his knees.[1. P.73.] The fact that such investigative methods were applied to Otaulla Khodjaev and the accused together with him indicates that the investigative documents related to the “case 17” were executed in the Soviet violent style in order to confirm “guilt” through other persons. Following the companies “publicity”, “attack”, “struggle for godlessness”, which began in the late 1920s, in January 1935, such processes as the “Moscow Center”, “Trotskyist–Zinoviev terrorist http://www/ 303 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us Center” in August 1936, “anti-Soviet Trotskyist center” in early 1937 followed and then the “anti- Soviet Trotskyist bloc” in March 1938. released. At the stage of Soviet power in 1917-1939, unprecedented physical and spiritual exterminations took place, 15 million people were lost in 1917- 1929, 8 million in 1929-1933, and 16 million in 1933-1939. In the above years, 1.5 million People were sentenced to emigrate from Central Asia abroad, and 1 million 200 thousand people became victims of the “print” movement. In 1929-1939, 1 million 700 thousand people were exiled to Siberia, the Far East, Northern Kazakhstan, the Caucasus, and Ukraine[2]. The exiles endured unprecedented suffering that man could not bear. Due to the inhuman and violent policy of the Soviet authorities, those exiled for 10 years or more served half-starved labor in special settlements in GULAG camps[3], Algeria[4]. Launched on July 2, 1937 by the resolution of the Politburo of the CPSU (b) “on anti-Soviet spies”, which lasted until November 1938, the company of the “Great Terror” showed its ominous picture in the history of mass killings. People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union “iron People's Commissar” on July 30, 1937, N.Yezhov adopted top secret and operational order No. 00447 “on the repression of former collaborators, criminals and other anti-Soviet elements.” After the adoption of this order, from August 10, 1917 to January 1, 1938, 10,700 people were arrested from Uzbekistan alone. Of these, 3,613 people were sentenced to death by firing squad in the 1st category, 7,087 - to 8-10 years in prison in the 2nd category.[5. B.111.] Investigative documents concerning the prosecution of otaullah Khodjaev and his associates in case No. 615 -on its cover it is written: “Muinjon Alimov, Khodjaev, Pulatovich, Saijonov, Mukhtarov and others, a total of 17 people, committed crimes provided for in Articles 60 and 67 of the Criminal Code of the Uzbek SSR.” This case is registered under the number 345578, the consolidated volume 1 of which covers the protocols of the investigation from January 19, 1937 to October 6, 1937.I.Inoyatov and K.K. were proclaimed Rajabov.[6.B.169- 172.] A relatively complete copy of the consolidated volume of investigative documents related to the "case 17" is kept in the archive of the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In the "case 17", 17 leaders of the BSSR (Otaullah Khodjaev (1880-1937) and others) were sentenced to death after almost ten months of torture and cruel investigation, the infamous sentence was carried out on October 25, 1937 in Tashkent.[7.B.34.] The following information is provided in the literature about the condition and circumstances of Otaullah Khodjaev's imprisonment as a “nationalist” and “traitor” and the sentence to execution. Arrested in Bukhara while working as director of the State Committee for State Statistics, a former member of the CPSU (b) was expelled from the party as a nationalist by the decree of the Troika on October 14, 1937 as the head of the counterrevolutionary organization Milli Ittihad, accused of opening his cell in remote areas, agitating as a bourgeois nationalist, in constant contacts with foreign countries. convicted and sentenced to death.[8.B.23.] Researcher, historian B.Irzaev: "In September 1937, Otaulla Khodzhaev's grocery store was declared inadmissible with a deficit of 62567 soums. Under this pretext, a lawsuit was filed against 8 people led by Otaulla Khodjaev. Those who were found guilty were sentenced to death by the decree of the troika of the NKVD of the Uzbek SSR of October 1937[9].“ B.It is clear from Irzaev's information that Otaullah Khodjaev was arrested along with his employees who worked at the gostronome. In 1937-1938, dozens of innocent citizens were arrested by representatives of the “Bukhara Sector” of a special body aimed at repression. Historians R.T.Shamsuddinov and A. In the list of victims of repression published by the Akbarovs, it was noted that dozens of people arrested by the Bukhara sector were members of Milli Ittihad, including Chulali Navruzov, Taufiq Ibodullayev, Kamal Nematov, Narzullo Achildiyev, Kilich Mirkhodjaev, Kari Abdullah Tashpulatov, Bahauddin Mahmudov, Shukrullo Hakimov, Ghulam Aliyev.[10.B.7] the scientist-philosopher B.X.Ergashev wrote about Otaullah Khodjaev: “for abuse of office, he was removed from all positions, worked in responsible positions in Samarkand. He was repressed in 1938 http://www/ 304 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us [11.P.79.]". From the analysis of historical realities, it can be concluded that the main reason for the repression of Otaullah Khodjaev and his associates was their activities in the Milly Istiqlol association (in investigative documents, this organization is also referred to by such names as Milli Ittikhod, Ittikhod and Progress). When analyzing the investigative documents related to the “case 17”, it becomes obvious that an attempt was also made to clarify the issue concerning the material base of the Milli Aittikhod organization. The protocol of Muinjan Aminov's interrogation dated February 13, 1937 provides information about the fate of gold in Bukhara and the material base of the “National Prosecution”.[12.B.175.] Allegedly, Fayzullah Khojaev and his associates (Muinjon Aminov, otaullah Khojaev) robbed gold. However, in the questionnaire of otaullah Khodjaev there is information related to the lack of gold in it. Although the Milli Ittihad and Milli Istiqlol associations ceased to exist in the 1930s, the dialogues at negotiations, weddings, and hospitality conducted by their former members in a narrow circle were also considered as Underground (illegal) activities, and the political and ideological struggle continued. Frankly speaking, the Soviet government put “labels” on Otaullah Khodjaev and his associates associated with so many accusations that it goes without saying that a person cannot commit so many crimes and sins in his short 50-60-year life. In fact, the issue of adding Otaullah Khodjaev to the “black list” of Soviet authorities, repressions as an anti-Soviet, nationalist was being resolved. In fact, the issue of adding Otaullah Khodjaev to the “black list” of Soviet authorities, repressions as an anti-Soviet, nationalist was being resolved. In order to make otaulla Khodjaev one of the victims of repression, all aspects of his life and career up to the age of 57 were interpreted negatively, as well as “black paint”. Otaulla Khodjaev owns such works as “nationalist", “defender of the Basmachi", “revolutionary", “anti-Soviet”, “Panturonchi”, “pan-Turkist”, “destroyer of the Communist Party from within”, “Trotskyist”, ”Pravotroskyist", "spy from Germany, Turkey, Afghanistan, Japan", " emigrant from Turkestan (Uzbeks)", "Soviet spy", "Soviet spy", "Soviet spy". Dozens of accusations were brought against him in the national struggle against him, such as a material sponsor, a supporter of the struggle for the separation of Uzbekistan from Soviet power, a “traitor", a “libertine", a “bourgeois nationalist". To expand his list of accusations, the fabric was found in search of “investigation scenarios.” With the help of instruments of pressure and violence, the number of witnesses was deliberately increased in order to confirm the “truth” of the above accusations. In the end, one of the Uzbek children loyal to his homeland, who put his life on the path of liberation of the people and the nation, was unreasonably destroyed and tragically died. REFERENCES: 1. Репрессия: 1937-1938 годы. Документы и материалы. Выпуск 1. (Составители Шамсутдинов Р.Т., Каримов Н.Ф., Юсупов Э.Ю. Отв.редактор Каримов Н.Ф.) - Т.: Шарк. 2005. (Repressiya – lotincha “represio” – kuch bilan bostirish, to’xtatish ma’nosini bildiradi. Davlat organlariga nisbatan nomaqbul deb topilgan aholi qatlamiga qo’llaniladigan jazo chorasi, qatag’on qilish. Qatag’on so’zining “ta’qiq”, “man etish” ma’nolari bor – muallif) 2. 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