112 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies Volume 01, Issue 06 2023 ISSN (E): 2993-2157 MILITARY ART IN THE STATE OF AMIR TIMUR Eshmoʻminova Umida Ikrom qizi 2nd year student of Karshi State University, Faculty of History +998882004380 umidaeshmomonova@gmail.com Abstract: During his 35-year rule, the master Amir Temur was ready to fight against the powerful rulers of his time for the peace and tranquility of his country. Timur did not stop his enemies during military campaigns and this played a big role in his victories. Many historians include Alexander the Great and Amir Temur among the three great generals and Genghis Khans, and among them, they highly value Temur's work. This is a correct opinion, because neither Alexander nor Genghis Khan found a worthy opponent in their time. Amir Temur's opponents were rulers who threatened the whole of Europe and Russia in their time. There were times when Temur was defeated in his time, but he always regained his strength for the peace of his country. Key words: Timurid State, mud battle, military art, Khurasan, Kepak Khan, Ankara, Khiva. Military art of the Timurids is a significant contribution of Amir Timur and his descendants, especially Babur, to the development of world western art. This was recognized by experts and generals. Considered a great commander and an innovative military organizer, Sahibgiron managed to create a disciplined army, to manage the units of the army wisely during the battle, to quickly send the western forces to the places where the fate of the battle would be decided, to eliminate the existing obstacles and pitfalls with entrepreneurship, and to keep the fighting spirit in the army at a high level. Amir Temur and the army of the Timurids gathered soldiers from the peasants, artisans, farmers, as well as from the herdsmen. In addition to the chief soldiers who formed the basis of the military forces, the infantry also served in the army. Sahibqiran was one of the first in the East to introduce a firearm (topra'd) to the army. During the Timurid period, other types of this weapon (hammer, farangi, pot, etc.) became widespread. Special military units and divisions have been established to conduct combat operations in the mountainous regions. Amir Temur was the first in the history of world military work to introduce the order of deploying the army into 7 arms on the battlefield, as opposed to the traditional 5 divisions. This news was later adopted by generals such as Tokhtamysh and Shaibani Khan. According to Ibn Arabshah's testimony, there were units of women in Sahibqiran's army, who stood on the same line as men and showed examples of heroism and fortitude. The army of Timurids was clearly organized in terms of numbers, its battle order was improved, it was equipped with modern weapons and equipment, the units were distinguished from each other by uniforms, flags and flags. Such a distinction came in handy in commanding an army in battle. Destroying the enemy's defenses by various methods, attacking the opponent's big cities, besieging castles, fortresses and fortresses for a long time, encircling the enemy's forces as widely as possible, conquering villages, cities, districts, regions one by one, pursuing the enemy until they are completely destroyed. practices such as appointing trusted 113 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us people to manage surrendered countries brought many victories to Amir Temur and the Timurids. Tactically, Amir Temur's army had its own characteristics. Reconnaissance is well organized, the necessary measures and measures are developed for the units to act as required on the battlefield or in the battle line, with special attention being paid to their rapid management during the battle. The Supreme Commander-in-Chief was responsible for the selection of ten, hundred, thousand and district commanders. Another great contribution of Sahibqiran to the development of military art was the introduction of the qunbul, a cavalry unit formed in order to protect the army's flanks from the enemy's attack during the battle and, in turn, bypass the enemy's forces from the side and attack them from behind. Such a new military unit did not exist in the army of such famous generals as Alexander, Hannibal, Genghis Khan, Louis XIV, Frederick the Great. Shaybani Khan's army had such a garment and it was called tolyuma. After the announcement of a special order (tunqol) about the gathering of troops, according to the list prepared by the ruler, the warriors arrived at the gathering place with their army, weapons, food, and fodder. Each soldier was given one bow, 30 arrows, one bow, one shield, one extra horse, half a mana weight of rope, one piece of rice, a leather bag, and a pot for lice. Every 10 warriors were required to carry one tent, two shovels, one pitchfork, one scythe, one saw, one axe, one ax and 100 nina. All 5 of Sarah's warriors are housed in one tent. The eleventh had a separate tent and 5 additional horses. Yuzbegi was also given a separate tent and 10 additional horses. In addition to the tent, Mingbegi is also equipped with an umbrella. 313 beks headed various divisions and units of the Sahibqiran army. The first 100 of them held the positions of tens, the second 100, and the third 100 thousand. Divisions - districts were headed by Amir Temur's children, grandsons and famous army chiefs. After a sufficient number of troops were gathered, it was inspected. During the Timurid era, it became a regular practice to inspect the army before a campaign or a battle and determine its fighting spirit and condition. ovgarta (hunting), which is recognized as a way of examining the combat condition of the bird, was effectively used. According to historical sources, Amir Temur's 12,000-strong army entered the battle in this order. The first encounter with the enemy was initiated by a guard engaged in espionage. After that, the advanced units of the right and left wings - barangar khiravuli and juvangar khiravuli - entered the battle with the main advanced unit - manglai. After Manglai, the remaining 2 units of barangar and juvangar - chapavul and shaghavul - moved one after the other. If these forces were not enough to defeat the enemy, the center (arm) (goal) under the leadership of the commander-in-chief (amir ulumaro) launched a decisive attack: vdravul, karavul, manglai (khuravul). division - the regiment was divided and obeyed the Supreme Commander-in-Chief. Of these units, 12 units consisting of sara fighters are located in the 1st row, and the remaining 28 units are located in the 2nd and 3rd rows. In front of the right side of the forty divisions were the parts of princes, and in front of the left side were the parts of relatives and allies. At the top of the 2nd row, the 6th section is occupied by its predecessor - hiravul. Juvangar also had the same amount of boluk and hiravul. In front of row 2 barangari and juvangari, there are parts of row 1 in the above order. In front of him, the main advance - manglai (or hiravuli buzurg) was moving. 2 divisions of light cavalry were busy protecting the army from a surprise attack and monitoring the movement of enemy forces. Babur's army initially operated in the traditional 5 divisions. Later, serious changes were made to this battle system, the center (goal) was strengthened. The center was divided into the right- hand baraigyar chapavul and the left-hand, and acted as a row in front of the hossa tobin, consisting of the right side and the left side. Hossa Tobin was in front of the 3rd line of 114 AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us personal guards, formed from the right and left. The hossa tobin made up of selected soldiers was considered to be weaker than the center (gol) and stronger from the height. This military order, which brought many victories to the Timurids, underwent many changes during the Shaibani, Ashtarkhani and Central Asian khanates (Bukhara, Khiva, Ko'kan). Conclusion: the events of the war show that Amir Temur's campaigns to one country were consecutive with his campaigns to other countries. Amir Temur marched to Azerbaijan several times and succeeded in conquering it in 1387. Armenia and Georgia were conquered by Temur in 1392. Timur's march to distant India ends in 1398. The master of the Qur'an Amir Temur's military skill was such that he did not let his enemies breathe freely. In 1400, Amir Temur's army fought against Turkish Sultan Bayazid I and Egyptian Sultan Faraj. In 1402, Amir Temur clashed with Bayezid on March 2 near Ankara and defeated him. Amir Temur left for China at the end of 1404. The winter of that year will be the worst winter in the history of Central Asia. The water of the Syrdarya was frozen to 1 meter, most of the soldiers had cold ears, noses, and feet. Temur also caught a cold and had to stop in O'tror. !On February 18, 405, Temur dies in O'tror. References: 1. Q. Usmanov, M. Sodikov, N. Oblamurodov, History of Uzbekistan: Tashkent- 2002 2.History of the Peoples of Uzbekistan, Tashkent-1992. 3. Educational methodological complex, History of Uzbekistan, Denov-2020 4. Babur Zahiriddin Muhammad, Baburnoma, T., 1960; 5.Temur tuzuklari [translated from Persian by Alikhontora Soguni and Habibullo Karomatov], T., 1991;