6 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies Volume 3, Issue 1, 2025 ISSN (E):2993-2157 Features of Tactics for Detaining Wanted Terrorists and Extremists Djurabaev Rustam Turabbaevich Teacher of the combat training cycle of the Institute for Advanced Studies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan, lieutenant colonel Abstract: The article provides a scientific analysis of theoretical and practical aspects of the tactics of detention of wanted terrorists and extremists, as one of the necessary means of counteracting terrorism and extremism of international, transnational nature. Based on the norms of criminal procedure, operational-search legislation, taking into account the features of forensic and operational-search tactics of detention of wanted terrorists and extremists, the opinions of scientists, proceduralists and criminologists who conducted research in the area under consideration are given. The conducted analysis of the algorithm of actions of employees carrying out direct detention of wanted terrorists and extremists showed the main directions of detention of wanted defendants of this category, indicating the optimal mechanism for implementing the function of detention of wanted defendants. Keywords: search, detention, tactics of detention of wanted terrorists and extremists, wanted accused, forensic tactics of detention, operational-search tactics of detention, algorithm of actions of employees carrying out detention of wanted terrorists and extremists. The effectiveness of detection and investigation of crimes related to the commission of terrorist acts and manifestations of extremism is inextricably linked to the successful apprehension of wanted terrorists and extremists. Optimal realization of their search and detention involves the use of tactical techniques and means of detention. For this purpose it is necessary to know the main directions of tactics of detention of wanted terrorists and extremists. These include: determination of the algorithm of tactics of detention of wanted defendants, used by criminal investigation officers responsible for the search for terrorists and extremists; improvement of operational and tactical techniques to locate and detain persons accused of committing this type of crime; tactically skilful use of information, digital technologies and artificial intelligence in the tactics of detention of wanted terrorists and extremists; coordination of interaction between law enforcement organizations; and coordination of cooperation between law enforcement agencies and terrorists and extremists. The end of the XX century and the beginning of the XXI century gave rise to many conflict situations that led to the commission of terrorist acts and manifestations of extremism. This affected religious extremism caused by the renaissance of religious values [1, p.20]. Properly organized and competently applied tactics of detention of wanted terrorists and extremists has become one of the effective means of countering these socially dangerous acts that are becoming global in nature. Terrorism and extremism is a transnational type of crime and represents a worldwide threat to humanity. Consequently, the tactics of apprehension of wanted terrorists and extremists is one of the most important aspects of the fight against crime. Terrorist acts associated with the manifestation of religious extremism most often bring mass human casualties, entail the destruction of material and spiritual values, sometimes 7 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us unrecoverable, sow enmity between states, provoke mistrust and hatred between social and national groups, which sometimes cannot be overcome during the life of a whole generation [2, p.15]. The study of national and international experience in the application of modern capabilities and methods of recognition of wanted terrorists and extremists by identifying features of appearance using information systems of search, hiding terrorists and extremists allowed to identify the main directions for improving the organization of their detection and apprehension. These include: the introduction of the latest information and communication technologies for tracking fugitive criminals through the Internet or other international information network; the creation of an international system of information interaction between various law enforcement agencies, including international organizations on the basis of artificial intelligence (AI) through the creation of an appropriate data bank; the creation of a single, centralized, international forensic record of wanted terrorists and extremists and on the basis of the following Tactics of detention of wanted terrorists and extremists is carried out through the application and use of tactical techniques, knowledge of which guarantees the successful realization of the goals of criminal prosecution[3, p.30]. The main tactical methods of detention of wanted criminals should be known by the staff of operational units of the criminal investigation service, who are charged with the responsibility to establish their location and detention. Detention of wanted terrorists can be presented as a complex technology of tactical techniques and means, realizing the algorithm of actions of officers carrying out the search. The norms governing the tactics of detention of wanted persons have their own peculiarities depending on the type of search, which is divided into state, interstate or international search. Each of the types of search is specific in its legal nature, grounds and procedure for implementation[4, p.65]. Currently, there is an innovative IT-technology for tracking down criminals, including terrorists and extremists, through the use of identification systems for recognizing external features – Eye Dentify's, Face control[5]. Information technology is also successfully applied through the use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)[6] in the tactics of apprehension of wanted terrorists and extremists. These and other achievements of digital forensics and ICT have provided an opportunity to raise the effectiveness of international cooperation to a new qualitative level by improving the Interpol Wanted persons system on the Internet in the search and apprehension of terrorists and extremists. At the same time the tactics of application of digital forensic identification and other anatomical signs in search and detention of members of terrorist and extremist groups by signs of appearance are being improved. The conducted analysis of criminalist scientists' opinions shows that today the most promising directions in the field of forensic identification are realized through the use of 3D-scanning, genomic registration capabilities, facial recognition technology, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), integration of electronic means of search and remote identification, etc. Most of the innovations presented are related to biometric identification, which is an integral element of forensic identification. The private theory of forensic identification today includes biometric identification and an automated identification of a person by his biological and anatomo-physiological features[7, p.3]. In order to improve the effectiveness of tactics of apprehension of wanted terrorists and extremists, research is conducted in the following priority areas: 1) determination of effective mechanism of tactics of detention of wanted defendants; 2) improvement of the algorithm of criminalistics possibilities of search and detention of terrorists and extremists; 3) wide use of scientific and technical achievements of digital forensics, innovative information and communication technologies in search and detention of terrorists and extremists. 8 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us The peculiarities of criminalistics tactics of search and detention of wanted terrorists and extremists, the algorithm of actions of officers carrying out the function of search and detention have been reflected in the studies of domestic and foreign lawyers. Thus, A.A. Matchanov in his fundamental studies identified the features of criminal-procedural, criminalistics, operational- search and international legal aspects of detention of wanted defendants [8, p.36]. Among foreign authors we can highlight the work of N.V. Popkov, who investigated the detention of the suspect and the accused as a type of state coercion [9, p.24]. O.I. Tsokolova [10, p.60] also conducted her research on the theory and practice of detention in criminal proceedings. Some features of detention in the structure of a tactical operation were studied by A.B. Smushkin [11, p.52]. A sociological survey conducted among practitioners studying at the Academy and the Institute for Advanced Training of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan has shown that only a small proportion of criminal investigation officers have the necessary knowledge and skills to apprehend wanted defendants. This demonstrates the relevance of the problem under consideration in the work of the internal affairs agencies, which are mainly responsible for apprehending wanted criminals. For this purpose it is necessary to create a special training course on tactical peculiarities of detention of wanted criminals. This course should separately provide for tactical peculiarities of apprehension of wanted terrorists and extremists. It should be remembered that during detention it is possible to cause harm to a person who has committed a socially dangerous act, and the practice of applying criminal law measures should be improved [12, p 52]. Organizational and tactical bases of detention in foreign countries also have their own peculiarities. Thus, in Vietnam, the problems of organizational and tactical bases of detention were studied by Vuong Thang Long[13, p.23] and his experience can be used in the tactics of detention of wanted terrorists and extremists. The peculiarities of detention of a wanted defendant with the definition of algorithms of tactical techniques were studied by A.V. Pavlov[14, p. 26]. From a forensic point of view, detention is a system of scientifically based recommendations on the most rational way of action in the tactics of detention of wanted terrorists and extremists. According to A.B. Smushkin, the range of persons and bodies involved in the detention of criminals is determined by the current investigative situation[15, p.9]. In this case, the algorithm of detention of wanted terrorists and extremists is realized in the sequential conduct of the following tactical actions: preliminary preparation for detention (making a plan, deployment of forces, provision of technical means, listening to the wanted person's conversations held by telephones and other telecommunication devices, removal of information transmitted on them, their analysis and processing); realization of the detention of the wanted person (carrying out a tactical combination or operation to detain the wanted person); transportation to the front office of the law enforcement agency and execution of a detention report. The algorithm of actions of criminal investigation officers includes preparation for the detention of wanted terrorists and extremists, specifically the study of the identity of the detainee, study of the place, determination of time, drawing up a plan of detention, selection and distribution of duties of the staff involved in the detention, their preliminary briefing, equipping with technical means. Tactics for apprehending wanted terrorists and extremists are carried out using forensic and operational and investigative records through cooperation with other structural units of law enforcement agencies, public organizations, civil society institutions and citizens. The choice of location and its preliminary examination during the detention of wanted terrorists and extremists are made in order to reduce tactical risk for the criminal investigation officers of internal affairs bodies. The place of detention must be as safe as possible for the detaining 9 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us officers and surrounding persons. Conditions must be created to ensure the possibility of using special and technical means. Preparatory measures begin with a preliminary study of the proposed place of detention of a wanted terrorist (extremist) in order to optimally organize the detention. This is aimed at the possibility of free orientation on the site, planning the deployment of detention participants, identifying points of preliminary observation and developing routes of movement and locations of officers and vehicles. The detention of wanted terrorists and extremists should be carried out in conditions that are as disadvantageous as possible for them and as favorable as possible for the detaining criminal investigation officers. The time of detention shall be chosen considering the possibility of ensuring the safety of the participants of the capture and unauthorized citizens, the suddenness of the detention for criminals, and the possibility of capture with minimal resistance of the detainees. The composition of the group is determined by the number of wanted terrorists and extremists, their degree of armament and the expected development of the situation during apprehension. In any case, the capture team should have a numerical advantage. The number of members of the capture team is determined at the rate of 2-3 criminal investigation officers per one wanted terrorist (extremist). It is advisable to separate the functional roles of the arrest team members. Tactics of apprehension of a wanted terrorist or extremist are based on the actions of criminal investigation officers who carry out direct apprehension. They should approach the wanted terrorist (extremist) as close as possible and, using the necessary tactical precautions, carry out the detention. This is possible through an algorithm of actions that limits the freedom of action of the detainee, attempts to resist are suppressed. In this regard, according to T.A. Tkachuk, scientific and technical support of search activities in criminal proceedings is of great importance[16, p. 42]. The use of achievements of scientific and technological progress, in particular innovative, digital IT-technologies used in criminalistics and operational and investigative activities, are important in increasing the effectiveness of detention of wanted terrorists (extremists). During the apprehension of several wanted terrorists and extremists in different locations, clear coordination between apprehension teams is important. If unforeseen situations arise, the authority or person coordinating the apprehension should be informed. This is necessary in order to make timely adjustments to the actions of other groups. This is most characteristic of the tactics used to apprehend wanted terrorists and extremists, as well as related actions such as seizing weapons, prohibited extremist literature, incriminating objects and documents, and, in part, recording the circumstances of the apprehension. In relation to these actions G. K. Dubovets defined the algorithm of organizational activities of internal affairs bodies to search for and detain armed persons who have committed particularly serious crimes[17, p. 56]. Based on the above, we believe it is necessary to develop a technology for the tactics of apprehension of wanted terrorists and extremists, taking into account the available information about their skills in handling weapons, hand-to-hand combat techniques and other factors relevant to the success of the apprehension. Thus, the content of the tactics of detention of wanted terrorists and extremists has a complex, multifaceted nature. In our opinion, theoretical and practical aspects of detention of wanted terrorists and extremists depend on the knowledge and skillful use of legal and applied bases of detention tactics. Realization of the algorithm of tactics of detention of wanted terrorists and extremists includes a set of measures of criminal procedure, forensic support and operational and investigative support and interaction of law enforcement agencies. Tactics of apprehension of wanted terrorists and extremists assumes readiness of the forces and means involved in the event, 10 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us their ability to implement the algorithm of necessary actions for their apprehension based on joint with other services of law enforcement agencies coordinated activities. Literature used 1. Abdulganeev R. R. Religious extremism: criminological and criminal-legal aspects: Author's thesis .... Cand. jurid. nauk. - Omsk, 2013. - 20 с. 2. Dubovets G. K. Organization of the activities of internal affairs bodies on search and detention of armed persons who committed especially serious crimes: Author's abstract of disc. ...doc. jurid. nauk. - М., 2003. - 56 с. 3. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 4. https://www.gps.gov/systems/gnss/ 5. Kazantsev, D. A. Detention in the system of criminalistic tactics / D. A. Kazantsev // Collection of materials of criminalistic readings. - 2011. - № 7. - С. 30-31. 6. Matchanov A.A. Features of detention of the accused being wanted. Monograph - T.: Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2005. - 123 с. 7. Matchanov, A.A. Criminal-procedural and criminalistic aspects of improving the search for persons who committed crimes: Author's abstract of disc. ...dr. jurid. nauk (DSc). - Т., 2019. - 65 с. 8. Pavlov A. V. Detention of a wanted defendant: Author's thesis. ... kand. jurid. nauk. - Omsk, 2009. - 26 с. 9. Popkov N. V. Detention of the suspect and the accused as a type of state coercion: Autoref. diss. .... Cand. jurid. nauk. - Nizhny Novgorod, 2007. - 24 с. 10. Smushkin A. B. Detention in the structure of a tactical operation in the investigation of crimes: Author's thesis .... Cand. jurid. nauk. - Saratov, 2005. - 26 с. 11. Smushkin A. B. Detention in the structure of a tactical operation in the investigation of crimes: Autoref. dissertation ... juridical sciences. - Saratov, 2005. - P.9 (243 p.) 12. Stepanov N. V. Criminological problems of counteraction to crimes associated with political and religious extremism: Author's abstract of disc. ... ... Cand. jurid. nauk. - М.,2003. - С.15. 13. Tkachuk T.A. Nauchno-technical support of search activity in the criminal process of Russia: Avtoref. dis. ...dr. jurid. nauk. - Vladimir, 2011. - 42 с. 14. Tsokolova O.I. Theory and practice of detention, arrest and custody in the criminal process: autoref. diss. ... Dr. of juridical sciences. - М., 2007. - 60 с. 15. Vuong Thang Long Organizational and tactical bases of detention in the investigation of crimes in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the Russian Federation: Auth. diss. ... Cand. jurid. nauk. - М., 2016. - 23 с. 16. Yugai L.Y. Use of biometric identification methods in crime detection and investigation: Study guide. - T.: Academy, 2024. - P.3 (115 p.) 17. Zhabborov Z.K. Perfection of practice of application of criminal-legal norms concerning infliction of harm at detention of the person who has committed socially dangerous act (On an example of activity of bodies of internal affairs): Auth. diss. ... doctor of philosophy (PhD). - Т., 2019. - 52 с.