63 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies Volume 3, Issue 2, 2025 ISSN (E):2993-2157 Importance of Diplomacy in International Relations, The Influence of US Diplomacy on World Politics Dilnoza Ergasheva Graduate Student, The Diplomatic academy at the university of World Economy and Diplomacy Abstract: The article analyzes Principles of diplomacy, the importance of soft power in world politics. Factros of American leadership. The impact of US policy on international relations. Historical stages of US politics. In this study, an attempt was made to shed light on the importance of soft power, which is very necessary for the countries of the world, and its role today. This scientific article describes the soft power position of the USA, which has the main influence in today's system of international relations, and the impact of US policy on international relations. In addition, the importance of diplomacy and how the foreign policy mechanism of countries has developed in today's globalization era is also explained. Impact of hard power and soft power on each other. The influence of ambassadors, who are the main mediators in diplomacy, on international relations was also briefly described in this article. Keywords: Diplomacy, soft power, hard power international politics, human rights. democracy. USA diplomacy, the impact of the US on the process of the globalization. Ambassadors. Introduction. Diplomacy has a special place in the development of human society. In the current world conditions, countries demand a peaceful settlement of their foreign policy and the elimination of military conflicts. Ambassadors and diplomats, who have the main influence in diplomacy, are of great importance in today's international relations. There is a famous phrase in the history of diplomacy: "The main task of diplomacy is to be able to do something when it is impossible to do anything." The main object of this article is the soft power necessary for today's international relations and the foreign policy of countries that have a significant influence on world politics. Methods. Several types of scientific research methods were used in this article, including comparative, historical and interpretive methods. Interpretive research also draws upon a rich tradition in IR among scholars whose aim is not to necessarily identify law-like regularities in IRR. Instead, interpretivism, also referred to as reflexivity or post-positivism, focuses on hermeneutics, or the study of interpretation. In IR, hermeneutics is associated with the interpretation of meaning embedded within international politics Diplomatic is the science or study of documents and records, including their forms, language, script and meaning. In the Islamic tradition , diplomatic is named as “ ilm-I insa” or “ fenn-I kitabet”. Diplomatic (French: diplomatique; German: diplomatic, urkundenlehre) has become an independent science from the discipline of diplomacy in Europe in the seventeenth century.1 1 Baris O’zdal, R. Kutay Karaca. Diplomatic History I 64 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us The main factor of foreign policy is diplomacy. Diplomacy is the art of negotiation. Eloquence , intelligence, foresight and speed is very important in diplomacy. It is well known from history that wars never bring good results. Devastation , mass destruction , all from the influence of hard power. History does not achieve temporality through hard power in politics. Professor Joseph Nay coined the term Soft power in politics. Soft power helps strengthen politics through economics, culture and art. No matter how power is measured, an equal distribution of power among major states is relatively rare. More often the processes of uneven growth, which realists consider a basic law of international politics, mean that some states will be rising and others declining. These transitions in the distribution of power stimulate statesmen to form alliances, to build armies, and to take risks that balance or check rising powers. But the balancing of power does not always prevent the emergence of a dominant state. Theories of hegemony and power transition try to explain why some states that become preponderant later lose that preponderance2 The concept of soft power has existed in international relations for a long time. Soft power is an integral part of diplomacy. We can see the proof of this in the example of USA diplomacy. Power is one of the more contestable concepts in political theory, but it is conventional and convenient to define it as “ the ability to effect the outcomes you want and, if necessary, to change the behavior of others to make this happen. In politics, the influence of power is important. We can not make soft power and hard power superior to each other.We only emphasize that how important their influence . As we all know, nothing can be achieved by hard power today, only sacrifices and destruction. Hard and soft power sometimes reinforce and sometimes interfere with each other. A country that courts popularity may be loath to exercise its hard power when it should, but a country that throws its weight around without regard to the effects on its soft power may find others placing obstacles in the way of its hard power. No country likes to feel manipulated, even by soft power. At the same time, as mentioned earlier, hard power can create myths of invincibility or inevitability that attract others.3 Soft power is one of the success factors in politics. Leading world politics The US has achieved leadership not only by hard power but by soft power. HEGEMONY is as old as mankind. The USA, whose independence was recognized by the Treaty of Paris in 1783, is today one of the leading countries in the international arena. In 1776- 1898. The USA expanded its territory geographically, even though it was in the period of isolation and slowly began to enter the Asian markets according to the trade agreements concluded with Japan and China. Many people think that the strong influence of the US foreign policy is in the dollar, but in fact only the dollar makes the country strong can’t. The economy is important in international relationships has its place, but it does not determine everything. 2 Bound to lead The changing nature of American power. Joseph S.Nye, Jr 3 Joseph S. NYE Jr. Soft Power The means to success in world politics 65 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us The key challenge for the United States in foreign economic policy is to use America’s great influence to maintain an open and prosperous global economy and deepen and extend the benefits of globalization. Inherent in this challenge is also the opportunity to have a great impact on America’s capacity to meet its political, strategic, and humanitarian foreign policy goals. The evolution of the global economy will affect our national security, the spread of democracy and human rights, the environment, terrorism, illegal drug trade, organized crime, health and disease, population pressures, and most other major international challenges. American strategic interests are now tightly intertwined with U.S. economic interests. Economic issues greatly affect our relationships with the other great powers: Europe, Japan, China, and Russia. They proliferate on the U.S. foreign policy agenda, from NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) and fast track legislation to the Asian financial crisis and Chinese entrance into the WTO (World Trade Organization). U.S. economic sanctions against Cuba, Iran, and Libya have been a source of major contention with some of our closest allies. There are few foreign policy threats on the horizon as great as a world financial meltdown. Globalization is the preeminent international economic phenomenon of our time. American prosperity is inextricably linked to global prosperity. The volume and pace of international trade and investment are increasing tremendously. Communications and information technologies are transforming the way the world does business, and connecting people and firms as never before. The integration of the production and marketing of goods and services across international borders is changing the structure of the private sector. New international mergers, networks, and alliances are emerging daily. Globalization brings with it both benefits and costs, opportunities and challenges. The overall economic impact of globalization has been positive, producing gains in productivity, efficiency, and growth. Globalization has played a major role in the remarkable economic expansion our country has enjoyed over the past nine years, and has contributed to rapid economic growth in parts of Asia, Europe, and Latin America. It holds the promise of bringing great benefits to people all around the globe. Yet globalization also spawns many problems. The increased competition of globalization means that some people, and some countries, lag behind. Globalization can lead to reduced protection for workers and the environment when companies move their operations to jurisdictions with weaker labor and environmental standards. Global capital markets can be dangerously volatile. Political authority and international institutions sometimes struggle to keep up with the fast-paced economic trends. Developing nations are frustrated that they do not participate more fully in international economic decision-making and the prosperity enjoyed by other parts of the world. Despite these problems created by globalization, we cannot, and should not, try to turn it back. The trend toward increasing integration among the economies of the world will likely continue. The United States has a historic opportunity to lead the charge to meet the challenges of globalization and thereby help create a more prosperous, peaceful, and democratic world. 4 It should be emphasized that US diplomacy also needs soft power today. American missions and ambassadors abroad also have a primary responsibility for advising the Secretary and the President about foreign policy, both as to when initiatives should be undertaken and when changes need to be made, as well as what should be, from their vantage point, any new U.S. foreign policy in a particular country or region within their purview. The Assistant Secretaries of State in Washington are always prepared to take their views into account, and need to be the integrating point at which what comes in from overseas, as well as what is developed in Washington, are put together.5 This process is observed not only in US diplomacy, but in the foreign policy of many countries. The United States makes and carries out its foreign policy more correctly, its many foreign policies through a number of government entities that bring to bear their different and often 4 INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ISSUES AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY By the Honorable Lee H. Hamilton 5 THE CHANGING DYNAMICS OF U.S. FOREIGN POLICY-MAKING An interview with Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs Thomas R. Pickerin 66 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us contending perspectives. They range from the staff of the president in the White House to the Departments of State, Defense, and Treasury, several intelligence agencies, and a few dozen other departments and agencies that have a direct impact both on determining what the United States does abroad and then in carrying out the government’s decisions. Furthermore, the United States Congress has its own foreign policy responsibilities, some mandated by the U.S. Constitution, some by law, and others by custom. Nor is the Congress simply a passive reflection of the will of the American president although, in much of U.S. foreign and security policy, he is usually preeminent. All activities of the administration require congressional funding. Through a large number of committees, it sifts through the proposals, programs, and performance of U.S. foreign policy and brings under close scrutiny what each department and agency does abroad. Perhaps in no other country does the legislative arm of government have such a major role, often in opposition to the will of the president, in trying to shape American policy toward the outside world. This role for Congress demonstrates the importance for any president of gaining popular support for the administration’s foreign and national security policies. This is particularly important among opinion leaders throughout the country, in order to ensure that there is a solid basis of domestic support for U.S. activities abroad. While a president is often given the benefit of the doubt in foreign policy, this is not automatic or assured. Nor has the U.S. role in the world been so constant or so determined by a limited range of factors, as is the case in many other countries whose attentions are focused on immediate neighbors or their own region that there is widespread popular understanding, over time, of the proper U.S. course in the world. Also in the United States, as in other countries, political leaders come and go, and the directions of foreign policy can be deeply affected by the outcome of elections both for president and for members of the Senate and House of Representatives. But perhaps in no other democratic country does the election of a new president and change of administrations mean such a wholesale change of leading officials, in foreign policy 33 and national security as well as in domestic areas of policy. Especially when the presidency is transferred from one political party to the other, virtually all senior officials are replaced, to a significant depth in the bureaucracy, so that the conduct of foreign policy suddenly comes into the hands of people who do not have immediate experience of the problems and challenges that the nation faces. It is often a few months before the new team is fully in charge, even if the incoming president appoints his new officials rapidly, as opposed to doing so only over a period of many weeks or longer. In general, all foreign policy mechanisms of the USA are related to each other, but the Congress is distinguished by its independent activity, the Congress must conduct domestic and foreign policy at the same time and receive the support of the people. America's economic dynamism provides the necessary precondition for the exercise of global primacy. Initially, immediately after World War II, America's economy stood apart from all others, accounting alone for more than 50 percent of the world's GNP. The economic recovery of Western Europe and Japan, followed by the wider phenomenon of Asia's economic dynamism, meant that the American share of global GNP eventually had to shrink from the disproportionately high levels of the immediate postwar era. Nonetheless, by the time the subsequent Cold War had ended, America's share of global GNP, and more specifically its share of the world's manufacturing output, had stabilized at about 30 percent, a level that had been the norm for most of this century, apart from those exceptional years immediately after World War II. After World War II the United States strengthened its global power. America stands supreme in the four decisive domains of global power, militarily, it has an unmatched global reach; economically, it remains the main locomotive of global growth, even if challenged in some aspects by Japan" and Germany (neither of which enjoys the other attributes of global might); technologically, it retains the overall lead in the cutting-edge areas of innovation; and culturally, despite some crassness, it enjoys an appeal that is unrivaled, especially among the world's youth all of which gives the United States a political clout that no 67 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us other state comes close to matching. It is the combination of all four that makes America the only comprehensive global superpower6. In which factor is the influence of The US policy more noticeable? Economy, democracy and culture. These factors ensure America’s greatness. Today, United States is in a leading position in the international arena, so solve the problem s peacefully should be proactive. The advancement of economic prosperity has been a main factor in building democracy. The United States has supported the development of West European regional economic, political, and security organizations. By breaking down regional economic barriers through the European Community, the European allies have created a vast market for goods and services that has increased the prosperity of their own citizens and provided the United States with critical export markets. On the other hand, the European Community's protection of some of its economic sectors, particularly agriculture, has harmed U.S. farm export interests. Europe is a major market for U.S. telecommunications, information technology, aircraft, and some agricultural products. It is also a consumer of our culture: films, literature, music, and art. Interest in U.S. life-styles has helped fuel growing tourism and attendance at U.S. universities. Although frictions are a normal part of any complex economic relationship, the United States and its European allies have repeatedly utilized the mechanisms of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to work cut many disagreements over trade barriers7 This legacy leaves the United States with an approach to the world that is poorly adapted to the challenges of today and tomorrow. U.S. officials have long been concerned about the rise of China and a revanchist Russia, but they focused on other issues until recently. Avoiding the realities of America’s relative decline in power and legitimacy has come back to bite the United States since the mid-2010s, when Russian President Vladimir Putin launched the war on Ukraine and Chinese President Xi Jinping put the country on a more nationalist and assertive course. The United States now faces a more multipolar world than ever in its history as the world’s leading power. In the coming decades, great-power dynamics will decide fundamental matters of war and peace, prosperity and security, and cooperation and competition. This emerging new international reality, coupled with the dismaying outcomes of U.S. wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, suggests that the country would benefit if it could reform and update its approach to the world. Doing so, however, will be exceedingly difficult. U.S. foreign policy deals with every nation in the world, every potential transnational issue, and every world institution. America’s approach to the world is also highly institutionalized. these realities impede a new president or administration from introducing a major change, especially if that change involves being more selective and doing less. This report identifies and analyzes the major sources of resistance to strategic change in the United States so that those seeking to shift the country’s course, particularly in the context of a new administration, will have a better picture of how this can be done.8 Results. To understand US foreign policy, one must study its history. Today can not be created without history, impact on the history of the country today and in the future will do. In a multipolar world, the importance of US politics is strong, and its power affects the foreign and domestic policies of many countries. The reason for this is that human rights and freedoms are a high value in the US society. Human history has witnessed many destructive wars. In recent years, tensions and wars began to appear in international relations. Diplomacy should serve as 6 Zbigniew Brzezinski. The Grand Chessboard. American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperative 7 Strategic Change in U.S. Foreign Policy Christopher S. Chivis, Jennifer Kavanagh, Sahil Lauji, Adele Malle, Sam Orloff, Stephen Wertheim, and Reid Wilcox,104p. 8 Strategic Change in U.S. Foreign Policy Christopher S. Chivis, Jennifer Kavanagh, Sahil Lauji, Adele Malle, Sam Orloff, Stephen Wertheim, and Reid Wilcox, 68 Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies www. grnjournal.us the main tool in resolving conflicts that have arisen in the international arena. It is important that developed countries take the initiative in eliminating wars Conclusion. In conclusion, it should be said that as long as the State existed, diplomacy was formed along with it. Today, no country can conduct its foreign policy without diplomacy. But in the age of information warfare in the 21st century, some ideological ideas are leaving behind diplomacy. This means that today's diplomacy needs reform. even more knowledge and skills are required of ambassadors and diplomatic staff. 21st century diplomacy should not allow world war 3, otherwise diplomacy will be in crisis. It is well known to all of us that we are witnessing a conflict of interests in today's international relations. According to the opinion of many politicians, the UN, which has an important role in the foreign policy of the countries of the world, needs reforms. However, it should also be noted that if the states do not put the universal interests above the national interests, there will be no reform in the UN, which gathers the states towards one goal. This means that it is up to ambassadors and diplomats, who are mediators of diplomacy, to conduct international relations taking into account national and universal interests. In this scientific article, I would like to express my gratitude to all the scholars whose books have been of great help in finding information about the importance of soft power in diplomacy and the influence of US diplomacy. References: 1. Joseph S. NYE Jr. Soft Power The means to success in world politics 2. Baris O’zdal, R. Kutay Karaca. Diplomatic History I 3. Joseph S. Nye Jr. Bound to lead The changing nature of American power 4. Zbigniew Brzezinski. The Grand Chessboard. American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperative 5. THE CHANGING DYNAMICS OF U.S. FOREIGN POLICY-MAKING An interview with Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs Thomas R. Pickerin 6. THE UNITED NATIONS: AN ARENA FOR INTERNATIONAL LEADERSHIP By David Welch 7. INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ISSUES AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY By the Honorable Lee H. Hamilton 8. Strategic Change in U.S. Foreign Policy Christopher S. Chivvis, Jennifer Kavanagh, Sahil Lauji, Adele Malle, Sam Orloff, Stephen Wertheim, and Reid Wilcox. 9. Henry Kissinger, Diplomacy,1994 10. Baris O’zdal, R. Kutay Karaca. Diplomatic History II, Dora Bursa,2021.