American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 5, | Oct., 2022 P a g e | 42 www.americanjournal.org ON THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GRAVE BUILDINGS IN THE AREA OF ANCIENT USTRUSHONA Tugalov Bobur Teacher of the Department of History of Uzbekistan, JDPU A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S In this article, an attempt was made to provide information about the types of grave structures located in the Ustrushona region and their characteristics. Ustrushona, tomb drawings, Saganoq, Gulbo, Korpa, Kamysh, Bekeldi, catacomb, Ora and Yorma graves, stone tombs. In the years of independence, the science of history was enriched with new sources, archeological data, archival-documentary materials, and new scientific conclusions were made with their introduction into scientific circulation. The territory of Central Asia has been one of the densely populated areas since ancient times, and the inhabitants of the region lived mainly as sedentary farmers and nomadic herders. In all periods of human history, in our country, nomadic herders, who changed the form of farming due to various factors, played an important role in the growth of the peasant population and the development of new lands. Late migration processes have been observed since the Bronze Age, i.e. the entry of many nomadic herding tribes from the Eurasian steppes and their migration to the southern regions. This situation had a great impact on the cultural processes in Ancient Ustrushona. [1, p.6] The natural conditions in Ustrushona allowed livestock to graze seasonally in the winter on mountain slopes, steppes and desert regions, and in the summer in the mountains. gave the opportunity to graze in the meadows and seasonal pastures. In the mountain and sub-mountain regions of Khovos, Zomin, Jizzakh, Gallaorol, Bakhmal and Forish districts of the historical region under study, there are many burial mounds preserved in groups and individually, belonging to the herder culture. Search and excavation work was carried out by our research archaeologists in the burial mounds belonging to herdsmen in northwestern Ustrushona, and many burial mounds of antiquity and the early Middle Ages were discovered by them. V. F. Haydukevich, A.A. Gritsina, M.H. Pardayev, S. Rakhimov, O'. Shirinsoy, Uchtepa, Saganoq, Gulbo, Korpa, Qamish, Bekkeldi, Karatepa burial mounds were opened and studied by archaeologists such as Alimov, F. Toshboev. It was determined that the graves studied in them consist of catacombs, lahad with a porch, yorma and ora graves.[2, p.184-189] These graves are different according to the shape and burial customs, which shows that the processes of mixing of different ethnic groups were active and that the spiritual life and rituals of mankind American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 5, Oct., 2022 P a g e | 43 www.americanjournal.org improved over time, depending on the religious ideas. Ustrushona Mazarko The excavations in the tombs show that there were different forms of burial here. There are two differences in the structure of the tomb and burial customs in Ustrushona. Researcher F.E. According to Toshboev, the first of these graves can be observed in Shirinsoy, Gulbo, Saganok, and Bekkkeldi cemeteries, which are mainly catacombs, lahad and groin graves with porches, and household goods, military weapons, weapons, etc., which are necessary in the farm, are placed. The second type is Karatash, Kulpisar, Khojai Serob, Korpa and Karatepa burial mounds, which are mainly made up of round graves, and it is not uncommon to place various objects next to the corpse in them [3, p.7] In addition to the above-mentioned graves, stone graves are also widespread in Ustrushona. In May, August, October 2022, the professors of Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute Assoc. F.E. Toshboev, teacher B.B. Tugalovs carried out excavation research in Jelli flower burial mounds in Sh. The studied monuments are located 10 km west of the city of Jizzakh, on the hills of the Nurota ridge, where the mountain gorges coming out of the villages of Jelli Gully, Kipchak and Bogishamol are connected. In some graves, a rectangular burial place was opened in the center of the pile of stones. The grave (dahma) is completely filled with stones. The shape of the building is in the form of an oval circle, the size is 5 x 3 m, the height is 0.4 m. After removing the layers of stone above the grave, a rectangular grave (structure) cut out of the mountain rock was opened in its center. LIST OF USED LITERATURE 1. Toshboev F.E. Culture of ancient Ustrushona herders. T.: "SCIENCE AND EDUCATION" publishing house, p. 6, 2022. 2. Toshboev F.E., Pardaev M.Kh., Gritsina A.A. Izuchenie Gulbinskogo mogilnika // Kultura narodov centralnoy Azii. Samarkand, 2008. P.184-189. 3. Toshboev F.E. Culture of ancient Ustrushona herders. T.: "SCIENCE AND EDUCATION" publishing house, 2022, p.7. 4. Gorbunova N.G. O tipax Ferganskih pogrebalnyx pamyatnikov pervoy poloviny I-tysyachiletiya n.e.// ASGE. Vyp. 22. Leningrad, 1988. P.87. 5. Toshboev F.E. Culture of ancient Ustrushona herders. T.: "SCIENCE AND EDUCATION" publishing house, 2022, p.37. 5. Kholmatov A.N., Pardaev M.Kh., Toshboev F.E. Regarding the preliminary results of the study of Suzmoyilota rock paintings conducted in 2016 // Archaeological research in Uzbekistan. 2015- 2017 years. Number 11. Samarkand, 2018. P. 254-257. 6. Pardaev M.H., Toshboev F.E., Mamirov O.U., Kholmatov A.N. 2016 Archaeological research conducted in Forish district // Archaeological research in Uzbekistan. 2015-2017 years. Number 11. Samarkand, 2018. P. 193-195. 7. Suleymanov R.Kh., Gordeeva E.A. K voprosu ob osobennostyakh kulturogeneza i urbanogeneza yuga Ustrushany // "Ancient Jizzakh oasis - in the system of Central Asian civilization (political, economic, cultural life)" (Proceedings of the scientific and practical conference of the Republic. Jizzakh, 2019. P. 7-9. 8. Shishlov A.V., Fedorenko N.V. Pogrebalnyi obryad plemen severo-zapadnogo poberezhya Kavkaza v kontse VII – V vv. do n.e. (po materialam Vladimirovskogo mogilnika). Argonaut. Chernomorsky historical magazine. 2006. #2. P.63-73.