American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 16, | Sep., 2023 P a g e | 74 www.americanjournal.org SYMBOLISM IN THE LYRICS OF S. ESENIN Ozoda Kodirova Lecturer at the Department of Russian Language Methodology, Ferghana State University, Ferghana, Uzbekistan. A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S The role and significance of symbolism in literature are important aspects that help create depth and complexity in works of art. Symbols are concrete objects, actions, or images that represent abstract ideas, concepts, or emotions. They can be used to convey complex notions, create atmosphere, express profound feelings, and aid the reader in exploring various levels of meaning in a work. symbol, external world, poetic world, use of symbols, image, poetry, symbolist. Introduction Symbolism is an artistic movement in European and Russian art that emerged in the early 20th century, which focuses on expressing ideas beyond sensory perception through symbols. Representatives of this movement, called symbolists, expressed a longing for spiritual freedom, sought to penetrate through the visible reality to the hidden realities, sought to understand the ideal nature of the world, its true and eternal beauty. Russian literary symbolism emerged in the late 19th century and continued to develop in the early 20th century. He was a reaction to realism and naturalism, characteristic of the previous period of literature. The Symbolists sought to express the mystical and spiritual essence of the world through the use of symbols, narrative images, and metaphors. They argued that art should be autonomous from reality and serve to express the inner world of the artist. Thus, the symbolists refused to directly describe reality and preferred to use symbols and allegories. Russian Symbolists such as Valery Bryusov, Fyodor Sologub, Konstantin Balmont, and others inherited an interest in metaphysical themes and symbols from the Western Symbolists. They also contributed to the development of symbolism, taking it to a new level. Russian Symbolists gave more attention to Russian history, popular culture, and national folklore, which distinguished them from Western Symbolists. In general, Russian Symbolism was an influential movement that brought new ideas and approaches to literature. It had a significant impact on the development of poetry, prose, painting and music in the Russian Empire and beyond. Symbolist ideas and techniques were later used by other literary movements such as Futurism and avant-gardism. There was a broad peripheral zone within Russian Symbolism that included poets who, although not direct supporters of the Symbolist school and did not adhere to its program, were still influenced by Symbolism. One example of such poets was Maximilian Voloshin, who used Symbolist motifs and themes in his poems. His poetry was distinguished by its aesthetic depth and symbolic imagery. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 16 Sep., 2023 P a g e | 75 www.americanjournal.org Another example of this influence was Mikhail Kuzmin, whose poetry also had Symbolist features, although he was not an official Symbolist. Younger poets who were part of other literary circles and schools were also influenced by the Symbolists and used symbolism in their works. This demonstrates the widespread and productive activity of the Symbolist school in Russian literature of the time. Symbolism can be explicit or implicit, and the use of symbols allows authors to convey complex ideas and emotions, enrich the text, and create depth to the work. Symbols can be unique to each work and can have different meanings for different readers. In literature, symbols can represent various aspects of human life, such as love, death, freedom, good and evil. They can also reflect certain social, political or historical events and contexts. The use of symbols allows authors to create deep and emotionally rich works that affect the reader's feelings and thoughts. In Sergey Yesenin's poetry, symbols play an important role in creating a unified poetic world. Bird cherry, as one of the most frequently used symbols in his work, is a combination of opposites - blizzard and flowers. This creates an unusual feeling and brings new, unexpected associations. The bird cherry becomes a symbol of beauty, tenderness and at the same time fragility, vulnerability. Esenin uses these symbols to convey his emotions and mood, as well as to evoke certain feelings and impressions in his readers. His poetic world, created with the help of symbols, leaves a deep mark in the hearts and perceptions of the readers. White flowers and white birch bark (birch bark) also have symbolic meaning. The color white is associated with purity, gentleness, and indestructibility, but it can also be associated with snow, blizzards, and death. This creates contrast and enhances the emotional depth and versatility of his poetry. Thus, white flowers and white birch bark are linked in his work and serve as important symbols to express his poetic metaphor and aesthetics. The image of the word "window" is one of the most prominent in Esenin's poetry. It has many associations and symbolic meanings. The window can serve as a boundary between the outside world and the inner world of man. It can be a symbol of freedom, an opportunity to see or escape, as well as a symbol of restriction, captivity or separation. In Yesenin's poetry, the window is often associated with nature, with the native land, with home, with the environment, which the poet strives to preserve, and which brings harmony into his life. This image symbolizes internal experiences, states of mind and views on the world, which Esenin tries to convey with his poems. The window in his poetry becomes not only a physical object, but also a metaphor for various aspects of human existence. The peculiarity of Esenin's image "window" lies in its ability to saturate simple words with new emotional and symbolic meanings, which makes his poetry rich and deep. In the poem "Imitation of a Song", Yesenin uses the image of the window as a point of observation to convey his impressions of the events taking place. He describes how the rain, clouds, wind, lingering midnight and traffic on the street can be seen from the window. This creates an image of an observer who is separated from the outside world, yet connected to it through the window. This image enhances the sense of solitude and heartfeltness in the poem and emphasizes the inner world and sensuality of the author. In the poem ("Mikola"), a mother waits for her son and addresses him through a "cloudy window". This image of the window serves as a symbol of the separation and at the same time the connection between life on the street and the inner world of the mother. It emphasizes their separateness and allows the mother to create an image of her son through imagination and hope by observing the window. Also, in other poems, Yesenin mentions that even the gods and angels in the "paradise terem" observe events through the window. This image serves as a symbol of comprehensive observation, and the American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 16 Sep., 2023 P a g e | 76 www.americanjournal.org window becomes a place from which the gods and angels can look at life and nature. Thus, the window links different planes of existence and creates realism in Yesenin's poetry where he shows that even the higher powers can observe the world through a window full of symbolic meaning. In Yesenin's poetic world, the window plays an important role and symbolizes the boundary between two different worlds. The hut is a symbol of domestic comfort, family, tradition and homeland, while the outside space seen through the window symbolizes the wide world, nature, freedom and the unknown. The window is indeed a boundary between these two worlds, separating them, but also allowing them to interact and influence each other. The window, like glass, creates a visible yet impenetrable barrier between the two realms. This interaction and separation through windows has a deep symbolic meaning in Esenin's poetry. The windows, as the eyes of the hut, become a kind of witness and observer of the different aspects of life coming through the glass and interacting with the outside world, while remaining inviolate. This creates a dramatic and symbolic tension that is present in Yesenin's poetic world. References 1. S.A. Yesenin in the memoirs of contemporaries. "Art Literature", 1986. 2. V.P. Rudnev, Dictionary of Culture of the 20th century. Published in 1997. 3. Journal "Russian Literature", 1991, № 2. 4. The newspaper "Literaturnaya Rossiya", 1985, No. 15. 5. Гимадетдинова, В. Г. Языковая креативность: гипотезы и научные подходы / В. Г. Гимадетдинова // Наукосфера. – 2022. – № 3-1. – С. 189-193. – EDN BWIVZM. 6. Elena, S. (2021). 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