American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2832-8019 Volume 16, | Sep., 2023 P a g e | 99 www.americanjournal.org GLOBAL PROBLEMS OF HUMANITY Dilorom Yuldasheva Senior Lecturer, Department of Social and Human Sciences, Samarkand State Medical University Uzbekistan, Samarkand A B S T R A C T K E Y W O R D S The article explores the global problems facing modern society. She emphasizes that these problems require the common efforts of all countries to solve them, since they affect the life of all humanity and determine the fate of civilization. The article points out the causes of global problems, such as contradictions and conflicts between people, as well as the responsibility of society for the consequences of technological progress. She presents several examples of specific global problems, such as interpersonal problems, problems in relations with nature and society, the problem of war and peace, environmental problems, problems of energy, climate, food and others. Particular attention is paid to the problem of thermonuclear war, which poses a serious threat to humanity. The article emphasizes that all environmental problems have a common root in human activities that negatively affect the environment. Progress, global problems, war and peace, terrorism, ecology, energy, climate. Introduction Progress moves humanity forward, but it also has a downside - global problems. Global problems of our time are problems that concern the vital interests of all people on the planet and cover many areas. They can only be solved through common efforts, if all countries unite for this. Let's figure out what problems are global. Signs of global problems in society: • They influence the lives of all humanity. • They arise objectively due to the development of society. • The fate of human civilization depends on whether we can solve them. • All global threats are interconnected. • They demand that countries work together to solve them. • These problems need to be resolved as soon as possible. Reasons why global problems arise • People in the modern world live side by side. Hence the contradictions, conflicts and problems that grow from local to global ones. • Technological progress is not only a blessing, but also a responsibility. Society is not always so well organized and conscious as to plan and be responsible for the results of its activities. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 16 Sep., 2023 P a g e | 100 www.americanjournal.org LITERATURE REVIEW What global problems threaten the world in this era? Already today, humanity is faced with threats that hang like a sword of Damocles over the future of the planet. Let us consider in more detail what global problems of our time we are talking about using examples: Intersocial problems ✓ Problems in the relationship between man and nature ✓ The problem in the “person-society” relationship ✓ the problem of war and peace; ✓ relations between nations, ethnic groups, races; ✓ economic, social and cultural backwardness; ✓ exploration of the World Ocean and space; ✓ terrorism, etc. ✓ environmental, energy, climate, raw materials, food problems, etc. ✓ negative consequences of scientific and technological progress; ✓ dangerous diseases; ✓ insufficient protection of cultural heritage and diversity; ✓ demographic crisis, hunger, poverty, etc. The problem of thermonuclear war The threat of thermonuclear war is an example of one of humanity's biggest global problems today. Its essence is simple: a third world nuclear war could destroy humanity. The total power of all nuclear weapons on the planet is 18 billion tons of TNT. This means that for every inhabitant of the Earth there are 3.6 tons of explosives. If even 1% of Earth's nuclear weapons go off, this will lead to the so-called “nuclear winter.” This phenomenon will destroy not only people, but the entire biosphere. Ecological problems All environmental problems in the world have one root - human activity that harms the environment. In the second half of the last century, several environmental disasters began to develop at once: ➢ the world ecosystem is destroyed; ➢ more and more species of flora and fauna are disappearing from the face of the earth; ➢ global climate change is occurring, as greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere are increasing; ➢ the ecological balance of nature is disrupted - more and more territories are affected by disasters or are on the verge of disaster. Pollution of the soil, ocean and near-Earth space is destructive. It affects human health and quality of life, and threatens all living beings on the planet. Affected areas become uninhabitable, and the sources of this damage prevent the biosphere from recovering and will ultimately destroy it. Demographic problem This global problem affects the world population. There are two opposing trends in the world today. Let's look at each of them. ▪ "Population explosion" ▪ "Zero growth" American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 16 Sep., 2023 P a g e | 101 www.americanjournal.org The population of countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America is growing sharply. This is already leading to socio-economic problems in developing countries. If the problems are not resolved, the situation will worsen. There are more elderly people than young people in Western European countries. This leads to the fact that the working population can no longer cope with the load and cannot serve the state at the same level. The problem of inequality of societies The global problem of inequality of societies is the tense economic relations between developed and developing countries of the world. The gap between them in terms of economic and cultural development is growing every year. Thus, some countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America cannot afford high growth in various industries, high-quality goods and medicine, which affects their standard of living. World food problem The global food problem is one of the most acute in the modern world. It is due to the fact that in the age of scientific and technological progress there are still people who cannot provide themselves with food. According to a report from the Global Hunger Index portal, almost 50 countries around the world have an alarmingly high hunger index. According to forecasts, it will not be possible to reduce it to “zero hunger” in the coming decades. The problem of poverty According to the Our World in Data portal, a third of the world's population spends up to $10 a day, and every tenth person spends less than $2. This suggests that many developing countries are unable to provide an adequate standard of living for their citizens. In such states, people do not have access to high-quality medicine and many vital goods. This gives rise to other global threats - problems of health and education in the world. The economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated this and many other problems in developing countries. The problem of international terrorism Terrorism is violent acts that criminals use to intimidate populations and achieve political goals. As a rule, terrorist acts are a lever of pressure on the authorities. Reasons for the development of terrorism: • Economic • Social Countries are developing unevenly. While some enjoy a high standard of living and technology develops, others experience hunger and devastation. The conflict between the values of the modern West and traditional foundations that are associated with religion and ethno-national issues One of the main dangers of international terrorism is its ability to intensify other global problems of society. Today, terrorist groups have access to all the benefits of technology and funding through robberies, income from the shadow economy, etc. This makes the modern world vulnerable to terrorism. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 16 Sep., 2023 P a g e | 102 www.americanjournal.org RESULTS Other problems of the 21st century This was not a complete list of threats that are relevant to the planet. There are other, no less frightening problems of modern society. Among them: o dangerous and often incurable diseases that spread quickly (AIDS, SARS, COVID-19, etc.); o lack of fresh water; o the problem of space exploration and the World Ocean; o depletion of natural resources; o loss of monuments of the cultural heritage of mankind and more. How to solve global problems of humanity Society has already taken the first step towards coping with the threats. Scientists and politicians have assessed the scale of the disaster and proposed measures that will help us in the fight for the future. Let us consider in the table a list of global problems of humanity and ways to solve them. The problem of thermonuclear war Stop the arms race, establish and support the concept of a world without nuclear weapons, ban the development and use of weapons of mass destruction Ecological problem Create “clean” technologies, organize waste processing, make control of wastewater treatment plants more stringent Demographic problem Relax migration requirements, allow migrants from developing countries to replenish the population and support the economies of developed countries The problem of inequality of societies Help developing countries: improve education, write off debt, allow goods from Asia, Africa and Latin America to reach Western shelves World food problem Transform the agricultural system of developing countries, attract government support The problem of poverty Help the economies of developing countries grow faster using the measures we discussed above The problem of international terrorism Create counter-terrorism centres, develop and monitor an anti-terrorism strategy, strengthen the protection of crowded places that are more often attacked - transport, concert halls, stadiums. CONCLUSIONS There are also general rules that will help solve global problems in the future. 1. Change people's consciousness: cultivate humanism among the population, discuss global problems in society. 2. Study the causes and contradictions that aggravate global problems and create new ones. 3. Unite the efforts of all countries: create technologies together, use a common fund of resources, study threats together, exchange information. 4. Remember that humanity is faced with problems, the solution of which depends on the ability of countries to negotiate and work together. 5. Observe and control global threats. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 16 Sep., 2023 P a g e | 103 www.americanjournal.org REFERENCES 1. Stichweh, R. (2007). The eigenstructures of world society and the regional cultures of the world. In Frontiers of globalization research: theoretical and methodological approaches (pp. 133-149). Boston, MA: Springer US. 2. Strassoldo, R. (1992). Globalism and localism: Theoretical reflections and some evidence. Globalization and territorial identities, 35-39. 3. Knyazev, N. A. (2013). Philosophical levels of analysis of the essence of globalization processes. Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin, (4-P), 38-47. 4. Ганиев, К., Тугунбоев, О., & Ризаев, И. И. (2021). Экологические проблемы современного общества и ихрешения. In Наука и образование: актуальные вопросы теории и практики (pp. 601-603). 5. Bondar, O. Y. (2012). Globalisation and philosophical challenges. RUDN Journal of Philosophy, (3), 131-141. 6. Kolosova, O. Y. (2016). Social and cultural aspects of globalization process. The edition is included into Russian Science Citation Index., 88. 7. Mamedzade, I. R., & Makhamatov, T. M. (2022). The Dialectic of Civilization: From Ethnic- Religious to Global Civilization. In Philosophical Aspects of Globalization: A Multidisciplinary Inquiry (pp. 372-386). Brill. 8. Сафаров, А. И., & Ризаев, И. И. (2022). Зеленое строительство: преимущества и недостатки. In Зеленая экономика: курс на устойчивое развитие в современных условиях (pp. 416-421). 9. Endre, K. (2010). The dialectics of modernity. A theoretical interpretation of globalization. Journal of Globalization Studies, 1(2), 12-26. 10. Rossi, I. (2007). Globalization as an Historical and a Dialectical Process. In Frontiers of globalization research: Theoretical and methodological approaches (pp. 27-63). Boston, MA: Springer US. 11. Campanella, M. L. (1990). Globalization: Processes and Interpretations. World Futures: Journal of General Evolution, 30(1-2), 1-16.